Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA"

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Avaliação da atividade dos extratos hidroetanólico de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. e de Eucalyptus alba Reinw ex Blume, frente a cepas de Mycobacterium sp
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10) VALÉRIO, Erika da Silva; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070; TEIXEIRA, Francisco Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7648303522085382
Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus alba are species used in folk medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and sputum. This study aimed to determine the physical-chemical, microbiological parameters, define phytochemical screening and evaluate antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, and toxicity in vivo activities of extracts and fractions. In physical-chemical and microbiological evaluation of C.ambrosioides and E. alba extracts, were found parameters in accordance with the specific literature for medicinal plants. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols and tannins, C. ambrosioides extract also showed proteins and amino acids, while the E. alba extract was positive for organic acids and lactones. The results of broth microdilution assay and microplate alamar blue assay showed moderates activities against the Mycobacterium fortuitum of E. alba extract and ethyl acetate fraction (FAcE) of E. alba; the chloroform fraction (FCl) of C.ambrosioides and the ethyl acetate fraction (FacEA) of E. alba were moderately active against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cytotoxic activity, evaluated by MTT method, showed that the extracts did not reduce cell viability in the concentrations tested. In the immunomodulation assay, E. alba extract presented potential anti-inflammatory effect, by the methods of inhibition the production of NO and TNFα. No signs of acute oral toxicity of the extracts at a dose of 2500 mg/kg in mice were detected. These results suggest the potential antimycobacterial the FAcE of E. alba and immunomodulatory of E. alba extract and can serve as a resource for future studies, aimed at isolation of active compound and elucidation of their mechanisms of action.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de substratos orgânicos no cultivo de orquídeas nativas da APA ilha do Combu, Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-22) VALENCIA, Wilmer Herrera; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
The natural fibers are being considered in the cultivation of orchids, including the coconut fiber as the most promising. However, other natural organic waste can be used in the cultivation. The study was conducted in the Area of Environmental Protection Island Combu located in Belém. The objective was to evaluate the effects of organic substrates in orchids cultivation, where were selected Brassia chloroleuca Barb.Rod. and Sobralia macrophylla Rchb f. native of APA and subjected to four substrates considered as treatments (T1 - fiber from the stem of açai palm; T2 - the coconut fiber, T3 - seeds of açai palm and T4 - sawdust). The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (10 individuals/replicate). The parameters were evaluated: the diameter, length, number of shoots, leaf number and rate of survival for pseudobulbos of Brassia chloroleuca and shoots of Sobralia macrophylla. Data were inserting into the spreadsheet program Bioestat 5.0. and subjected to analysis of variance and averages compared by the Tuckey test at 5% to assess the degree of significance of the effects of treatments. The results showed that the fiber from the stem açaí palm promoved development of vegetative structures followed by sawing in pseudobulbos of B. chloroleuca and S. macrophylla fiber to the stem and seeds of the açaí palm promoved greater growth. It was concluded that the fiber of the stalk of açai palm can be used in the cultivation of species with ecological and sustainable recovery after cutting the açaí palm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade, uso e manejo de quintais agroflorestais no distrito do carvão, Mazagão-AP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-18) SILVA, Raullyan Borja Lima e; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786846P1; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4755354Y1
The agroforestry areas are production systems, which are located near the homes and are quite common in the tropics. They consist of agricultural and forest species and may also involve the raising of small animals in order to produce food for subsistence as well as income generation, with special focus on the conservation of biodiversity. Aiming at characterizing the floristic and ethnobotanical view of the agroforestry areas of the Carvão District and its internal organization, enhancing its composition, socioeconomic structure and function, focusing on aspects of management and usage, so as to gather information that contributes to the conservation of natural resources and their rational use to enhance this important cultural practice, 94 agroforestry areas in the Carvão District, Mazagão-AP, have been studied. During the fieldwork, the ethnographic method with the techniques of participative observation, formal and informal interviews, have been used. The collection of plant material was made through the usual techniques applied in botany. The residents‟ monthly gross income is 261.08 minimum wages (MW) with an average of 2.53 MW and a mode of 1MW, per household. Agricultural practices help with 30.82 MW, which corresponds to 11.801% of the total. The most common diseases in families are influenza, malaria and pain in legs and arms, and medicinal plants are used by the population in the prevention and in the cure of health problems. The yard areas investigated presented different sizes as well as the number of species and specimens, being the average size of 0.08 hectares. Domestic animals are raised so as to complement food and income. We recorded 218 species in 69 families and 164 genera, with an average of 20.90 species per yard area. The families with the largest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae. The most frequent genera are represented by Citrus, Capsicum, Alternanthera, Justicia and Allium. The most frequent species were: Mangifera indica L., Anacardium occidentale L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Euterpe oleracea Mart., Musa sp. and Cocos nucifera L. Regarding the usage categories, most species is multiple use, particularly for medical use (169 species), for food (102 species), for ornamentation (71 species), mystic (56 species) and for trees plantation (36 species). The yards are basically arranged in four distinct strata, and women play important role concerning the introduction and maintenance of the species in that environment. Management in such practices is simple and has low cost, since it involves traditional plant cultivation practices and the main purpose of the yard areas of the Carvão District is to promote complementary food items for families, except for a few of them who sell the surplus. The floristic composition and species distribution in the yards are determined by external and internal factors such as function and size of the yard as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors, also the direct influence of the family that selects the species according to their needs. These places could be better used in order to increase the productivity and utilization of the production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dryopteridaceae e Lomariopsidaceae (Polypodiopsida) do Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Moju, Pará, Brasil
(Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2010-09) ROSÁRIO, Sebastião Maciel do; SILVA, Marcio Roberto Pietrobom da
This study presents the species of the families Dryopteridaceae and Lomariopsidaceae recorded at Embrapa's Eastern Amazonia Field Station. Dryopteridaceae is represented in the area by Cyclodium heterodon (Schrad.) T. Moore var. abbreviatum (C. Presl) A.R. Sm., C. inerme (Fée) A.R. Sm., C. meniscioides (Willd.) C. Presl var. meniscioides, Elaphoglossum discolor (Kuhn) C. Chr., E. flaccidum (Fée) T. Moore, E. laminarioides (Bory ex Fée) T. Moore, E. luridum (Fée) H. Christ, E. obovatum Mickel and E. styriacum Mickel. Lomariopsidaceae is represented by Lomariopsis prieuriana Fée, Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, N. brownii (Desv.) Hovenkamp & Miyam. and N. rivularis (Vahl) Mett. ex Krug. Identification keys for genera and species, descriptions, illustrations, geographical distributions and habitat data are presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effects of changes in the riparian forest on the butterfly community (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Cerrado areas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03) CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; SOUZA, Jaqueline Rodrigues; FEITOZA, Yulie Shimano; JUEN, Leandro
Preserved riparian vegetation usually has greater environmental complexity than the riparian vegetation modified by human actions. These systems may have a greater availability and diversity of food resources for the species. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of changes on the structure of the riparian forest on species richness, beta diversity and composition of butterfly species in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) higher species richness and (ii) beta diversity would be recorded in more preserved environments; and (iii) species composition would be more homogeneous in disturbed habitats. For hypothesis testing, the riparian vegetation of eight streams were sampled in four periods of the year in a fixed transect of 100 m along the shores. The richness of butterfly species is lower in disturbed than in preserved areas. However, species richness is not affected by habitat integrity. Beta diversity differed among sites, such that preserved sites have greater beta diversity, showing greater variation in species composition. In addition, beta diversity was positively affected by environmental heterogeneity. A total of 23 of the 84 species sampled occurred only in the changed environment, 42 were exclusive to preserved sites and 19 occurred in both environments. The environmental change caused by riparian forest removal drastically affects the butterfly community. Therefore, riparian vegetation is extremely important for butterfly preservation in the Cerrado and may be a true biodiversity oasis, especially during the dry periods, when the biome undergoes water stress and resource supply is more limited.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de ciências por meio da produção de uma mídia pedagógica: o vivido e o concebido por estudantes surdos durante aulas sobre as angiospermas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-27) CONTENTE, Márcia Pantoja; LEITÃO, Wanderleia Azevedo Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9180849418936246
This is a qualitative research, in modality of research-action, developed with deaf students of elementary school, a deaf dominie and a sign language spokesman, at the multifunctional resources room of one municipal school of regular network education in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri - Pará. It is presented as a search question: which are the contributions of a pedagogical media, created by deaf participants, mediated by professional listeners, in a bilingual approach (Libras/Portuguese) in the process of knowledge acquirement about angiosperms? This educational proposal developed with the objective to build a bilingual pedagogical media from deaf participants perception and contribute with the discussions of teaching and learning of death students. As investigative instruments, a questionnaire was used as way to probe about connection of participants with technology use and the subject in study. Further the questionnaire, was used interviews, with purpose to better know the participants of the research and based on produced data, make their profile. As well as was made video recordings of the developed activities. As a way to obtain new comprehensions about the investigate phenomena, it was adopted the Content Analysis. After reading and rereading of empirical material it was obtained two big categories: media production from (re)building of knowledge and the attributed value by deaf participants to signal use, as essential elements of learning. The results point that developed activities meaningly contributed to learning acquisition by deaf students. The lived experience made possible to the participants a new understanding about studied content, relating this with their experiences, giving wide and new meaning to them. Through activities, the participants could take consciousness that an effective learning is build together, giving time and voice to everybody, recognizing, giving value and respect to each subject diversity, making them responsible for their own learning process. It was perceived that the most important on this relationship was not just the media production and the construction of new signal language, as strategy to facilitate a content teaching (that presents comprehension complexity) and give subsides to new students to overcome their learning limitations. The most relevant and significant factor was the evolvement of deaf participants on this resource building process. This way, this investigation brings as contribution to school community a Pedagogical Medial in bilingual interactive DVD format, built from deaf participants perception about angiosperms study, aiming to collaborate with pedagogical practice of science teachers and the teaching and learning process of deaf students.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Flora do Ceará, Brasil: polygalaceae
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06) LIMA, Igor Gonçalves; ALBUQUERQUE, Alex Melo Lins de; DIAS, Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar; LOIOLA, Maria Iracema Bezerra
This study aimed carry out the floristic inventory of Polygalaceae species, as part of Flora of Ceará project. The study was based in the analysis of morphological characters of specimens obtained in field or in herborized collections from herbaria EAC, BHCB, HST, HVASF, RB and UFP. The field expeditions were realized between September/2015 and March/2016.. The identifications were based on specialized bibliography, confirmed by analysis of collections-types. In the Ceará State, 20 species and seven genera were registered: Acanthocladus (1) Asemeia (3), Bredemeyera (2), Caamembeca (1), Monnina (1), Polygala (9) and Securidaca (3). The species were registered in distincts vegetation types, but occurs, preferably, in stepic savannah (caatinga) and savannah (cerrado) and 13 (62%) were recorded in five Conservations Units. Monnina insignis and Polygala celosioides are new records for Ceará state.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os folheiros do jaborandi: organização, parcerias e seu lugar no extrativismo amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-23) COSTA, Fabiano Gumier; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Wardl ex Stapf) is a shrubby included in the family Rutaceae. Its use is contemplated in the ophthalmology due to the presence of pilocarpine, a substance used in the production of eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. In addition, jaborandi is widely used in cosmetics, in xampus and hair creams against hair loss. In the Carajas National Forest there are native populations of jaborandi managed by local people called “folheiros”, organized in a cooperative. In order to investigate how this has happened to the plant extractivism in Carajás and the outlook for activity, we left from a guiding question for the job: Why, despite all the difficulties in its organizational base, low bargaining power in with pharmaceutical companies, the process of criminalization that were targeted, and weaknesses of the plant extractivism as an economic activity, the “folheiros” jaborandi persist in the extractive activity after 25 years? Through four hypotheses outline a scenario for the extractivism of jaborandi Carajas in dialogue with the literature that addresses the management of natural resources in tropical forests, particularly on the extractivism. We conclude that the extractivism of jaborandi, after several legal problems for their organization evolves from a condition of great state repression to a process of agreement for its sustainable management. Despite predictions about the economic viability of extractivism, we believe that the extractivism of jaborandi may be an exception to the patterns previously observed. This is because the native plant has the qualitative advantages over jaborandi grown on large scale. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have sought to acquire sheets of extractive jaborandi also by market benefits associated with positive image of partnerships with local communities and traditional populations. Nevertheless, the extraction is in serious danger of collapse because the fragile social organization of “folheiros” or because its management inviability caused by the advance of mining in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fungos causadores de ferrugens (Pucciniales) em plantas da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazônia Central, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06) CARVALHO, Aline Carvalho de; SOTÃO, Helen Maria Pontes; FRANÇA, Isadora Fernandes de
This work presents the Pucciniales fungi species found as parasites of plants in a forest area of the Amazon biome located in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (ADFR) in Manaus (AM), Brazil. Seventeen species were identified and all represent the first record for the study area. They were Aecidium annonae, A. amazonense, A. juruense, A. xylopiae, Crossopsora piperis, Desmella aneimiae, Dietelia duguetiae, Edythea palmaea, Porotenus biporus, P. memorae, Puccinia bambusarum, P. heliconiae, P. thaliae, Sphenospora smilacina, Uredo borreriae, U. maceiensis and U. pusilla. All represent the first record for the field of study. The list includes new records for Brazil (U. pusilla), for the Amazon region (D. duguetiae) and for the state of Amazonas (A. nnonae, A. xylopiae, C. piperis, E. palmaea, P. biporus and S. smilacina). Rust species were recorded in 17 genera and 12 families of plants (Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Smilacaceae e Tectariaceae). Five rust species occurred on members of the family Annonaceae, and two species on Bignoniaceae; an identification key was created for the Pucciniales fungi found on these two families. Descriptions, geographical distributions, taxonomic comments, and illustrations for the new records for Brazil and for the Amazon are provided.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Licófitas (Lycopodiophyta) do corredor de biodiversidade do norte do Pará, Brasil
(Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2015-03) GÓES NETO, Luiz Armando de Araújo; ROSÁRIO, Sebastião Maciel do; SILVA, Marcio Roberto Pietrobom da; VALDESPINO, Iván Alberto
A treatment of the lycophytes of the Northern Pará Biodiversity Corridor within the Guiana Endemism Center is presented. This article is part of the project “Diagnóstico da Biodiversidade das Unidades de Conservação estaduais do Mosaico Calha Norte, Estado do Pará”. The treatment includes keys as well as species descriptions. In the study area 14 species distributed in four genera (Palhinhaea, Phlegmariurus, Pseudolycopodiella and Selaginella) were registered. The most diverse genus was Selaginella with 10 species, of which S. fragilis A. Braun and S. revoluta Baker are new records for Pará, and S. gynostachya Valdespino and S. sandwithii Alston are reported here as new to the Brazilian flora.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Samambaias e licófitas do Parque Ecológico do Gunma, município de Santa Bárbara do Pará, estado do Pará, Brasil
(Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2010-06) COSTA, Jeferson Miranda; SILVA, Marcio Roberto Pietrobom da
The Gunma Ecological Park - PEG (Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará state, Brazil) is one of the few preserved forest remnants in the metropolitan region of Belém. The PEG has a rich phanerogamic flora with rare species, but nothing is known about its seedless vascular-plant flora. Our aim is to present a floristic survey of ferns and lycophytes from Gunma Ecological Park. The 56 recorded species belong to 28 genera and 15 families. This is the first record for Lellingeria suspensa (L.) A.R. Sm. & R.C. Moran in Pará state and also for Polyphlebium diaphanum (Kunth) Ebihara & Dubuisson in the Brazilian Amazon. The richest families were Hymenophyllaceae (15 spp.), Dryopteridaceae (8 spp.), Polypodiaceae (7 spp.) and Pteridaceae (6 spp.). The genera with highest number of species were Trichomanes (7 spp.) and Elaphoglossum (6 spp.). The majority of the species were herbaceous (52 spp.), with epiphytic (30 spp.) and terrestrial (23 spp.) habitat, occurred exclusively in the understory (35 spp.) and presented American distribution (34 spp.). This result demonstrates the importance of Gunma Ecological Park for local/regional seedless vascular-plant flora preservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Triterpenoides, fenólicos e efeito fitotóxico das folhas de Eugenia flavescens DC (Myrtaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04) CANTANHEDE FILHO, Antonio José; SANTOS, Lourivaldo da Silva; GUILHON, Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro; ZOGHBI, Maria das Graças Bichara; PORT'S, Pollyane da Silva