Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA::BIOLOGIA E FISIOLOGIA DOS MICROORGANISMOS::BACTEROLOGIA"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do crescimento e perfil bioacumulativo da cianobactéria Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01 na presença de arsenato de sódio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) GOMES, Laise de Azevedo; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that has become a public health problem worldwide. In order to reduce the environmental contamination by this metalloid, which is derived from natural and anthropogenic activities, the use of micro-organisms in bioremediation process has shown to be a promising strategy. A filamentous homocitada cyanobacterium belonging to the order Pseudanabaenales, Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01, was isolated from an environment contaminated by arsenic, suggesting an ability to deal with the toxic effect of this metalloid. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the resistance to sodium arsenate and quantify the total arsenic extracellular cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01. Analyses of sodium arsenate resistance showed that the cyanobacterium was able to grow in 50 mM for 20 days. Furthermore, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 accumulated sodium arsenate for 10 days, reducing up to 67% arsenic extracellular. From the data obtained in this study, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 was able to withstand high concentrations of sodium arsenate, although other analysis, the characterization of the metabolic pathways involved in the resistance must be taken to consider their use in environments impacted by arsenic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação entre marcadores da resposta inflamatória e a imunopatogênese de agentes infecciosos de natureza viral (Vírus da dengue, HTLV-1 e HTLV-2) e bacteriana (Chlamydia trachomatis e Chlamydia pneumoniae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-29) FEITOSA, Rosimar Neris Martins; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The genetic basis of diseases is frequently studied aiming the polymorphisms of cytocine genes. The present study investigated markers of the inflammatory response associated to the course of infection and disease caused by viruses and bacteria. Serum levels (measured by an ELISA assay) and the polymorphisms (using PCR, RFLP and allele specific PCR) of TNF-α (-308), TNF-β (+252), IFN-γ (+874) and C reactive protein were measured among persons with febrile disease, infected by dengue virus (n=80), not infected by DV (100), a group of HTLV infected (30 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), a group with coronary disease (58 seroreactive to Chlamydia and 31 with negative serology) and a control group (99 persons with no reaction to DV, HTLV and Chlamydia). No group showed association with demographic informations. Dengue virus 3 (66.2%) and HTLV-1 (90% symptomatic and 76.6% asymptomatic persons) were the most frequent agents found among their groups. The majority of those with coronary disease (65.1%) presented antibodies to Chlamydia (39.6% to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, 58.6% solely to C. trachomatis and 1.7% to C. pneumoniae). Statistically significant levels of differences were found among: (i) serum levels of TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR of positive and negative dengue and control groups (p< 0,01); (ii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ of HTLV (including its types) and control groups; (iii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR among patients with coronary disease, serum reactive to Chlamydia, and the control group; (iv) the presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae and the control group comparing TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR. Genotypic frequency distributions were statistically significant for the polymorphisms: (i) of TNF-α (p=0,0494) and IFN-γ (p= 0,0008) genes among positive, negative and control dengue groups and to IFN-γ (p= 0,0007) among groups DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3 and controls; (ii) of IFN-γ gene (p= 0,0023) among the group of patients with coronary disease and sero reactivity to C. trachomatis e C. pneumoniae, as well as to the mono reactants in the comparison between the positivity to C. trachomatis and the control group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular de Klebsiella pneumoniae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro ampliado e Carbapenemase tipo KPC isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-13) MARQUES, Patrícia Bentes; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The K. pneumoniae constitute an important group of human patogen, causing of hospital and communitarian infections. In these bacteria, the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the main mechanisms of resistance the antimicrobials, responsible for the imperfection of the therapy against infections for gram-negative bacilli. This work aimed to do the molecular characterization of the K. pneumoniae producing ESBL and KPC about antimicrobial resistence in pacients from Belém-PA. A total of 124 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from public hospital from Belém-PA and susceptibility test was performed to detect its susceptibility patterns antibiotics. Phenotypic tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) producing strains were performed to detect the resistance phenotype of the isolates. Then PCR amplification and sequencing analysis were performed for the drug resistance determinants genes. The results showed that 83% strains harbored bla CTX-M gene, 85,5% carried bla SHV , 83% carried bla TEM and 5% carried bla KPC. The most frequent gene ESBL detected was bla CTX-M-71, which was observed in 60% of isolates. Other ESBL genes were bla SHV-38 (5% of isolates), bla SHV-100 (5% of isolates) and bla SHV-12 (3,5% of isolates). O gene bla KPC-2 was detected in 100% of isolates.These enterobacterias showed multidrug resistance phenotypes with high levels for quinolones and aminoglycosides. Associations between genotypes and antibiotic resistance were observed.The presence of multidrug resistant micro-organisms in hospitals, reinforces the need for measures for rapid containment of possibles infections caused by these pathogens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cianotoxinas em ostras e em águas de cultivo da costa norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-31) CABRAL, Jardecicléia Patrícia da Silva; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms and under conditions favorable to their growth can form blooms. They are also capable of producing cyanotoxins, secondary metabolites that have a toxic effect on eukaryotic organisms including man. As part of phytoplankton the cyanobacteria participate in the food chains, thus the ingestion of shellfish, that have been continuously fed toxic cyanobacteria and accumulated the toxins in their tissues generates the possibility of transfer to the man through their consumption bringing serious risks to their health. There is still very little research on the contamination (by cyanotoxins) of shellfish intended for human consumption. Therefore, this study was to verify the occurrence of cyanotoxins in culture waters and in the tissue of oysters destined for human consumption. The water and oyster samples were collected from two municipalities located in the northeast of Pará. The cyanotoxins research was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The cyanobacteria present in the water, isolated and cultured from oyster shells were identified. No microcystins and saxitoxins were detected in water samples and oyster extracts from both growing sites. However, three genera of cyanobacteria - Aphanizomenon, Oscillatoria and Phormidium were identified in Curuçá and three genera of cyanobacteria in São Caetano de Odivelas - Aphanothece, Oscillatoria and Phormidium, all known to contain toxic species. The presence of saxitoxins in extracts from cyanobacterial cultures was detected from the oyster shells of both growing sites, indicating the presence of toxic species despite the absence of bloom. In this study, it was verified that the cultivation of oyster sites are suitable for consumption, free of contamination by microcystins and saxitoxins, however, it is necessary to implement specific legislation and the monitoring of these crops in order to ensure consumer health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade genética de isolados ambientais de Vibrio cholerae da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-30) SÁ, Lena Líllian Canto de; VICENTE, Ana Carolina Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9393006603341915
Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is an autochtonus bacterium of aquatic environment in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Cholera is endemic and epidemic in many countries in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. In this study our goal was to detemine the genetic diversity of V.cholerae environmental isolates from aquatic ecosystems in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 148 environmental strains of V.cholerae non-O1 and non-O139 (NAG) and O1 serogroups, isolated from the Amazon region since 1977 to 2007, were characterized and compared with clinical strains of V.cholerae O1 from sixty and seventh cholera pandemic. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) was performed to determine the clonal relationships between V.cholerae non-O1, O1 environmental and clinical strains. The presence of virulence genes (hlyA/hem, hlyB, hlyC, rtxA, rtxC, tcp, ctx, zot, ace, stn/sto) and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons (intI 1, 2 e 3) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Whole genome macrorestriction analysis revealed that the environmental V.cholerae NAGs were more diverse than the environmental O1 strains, both groups segregate in distinct clusters and most of environmental O1 strains show a clonal relationship with seventh cholera pandemic strains. The distribution of virulence genes in NAGs strains is largely different from that of O1 strains which, in general, were positive for all virulence genes analyzed excepting for stn/sto and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Some O1 environmental strains, belonging to the seventh pandemic lineage, went through an extensive gene loss. Distinct NAGs strains were stn/sto+ and intI 1+. Two alleles of aadA were found: aadA2 and aadA7. Interestingly, V.cholerae O1 environmental strains belonging to the pandemic lineage were only isolated during the period of cholera epidemic in the Amazon region of Brazil (1991-1996).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia descritiva de Salmonella em ecossistemas aquáticos de diferentes áreas do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-20) LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Surveillance of Salmonella serotypes in aquatic environments is an important procedure for the monitoring of human and animal infections. The analysis of 694 samples of water collected from river, creek, bay, beaches, lake, well, nascent, provisioning water, stream, drainage and sewage distributed along 11 districts in the State of Pará, Brazil, yielded 212 (30,5%) contaminated samples with 91 serotypes and 2,115 strains of Salmonella. In Belém, 77 sorotypes were identified out of 1,300 isolates from freshwater and sewage; S. Saintpaul, S. Panama, S. Muenster, S. Hadar and S. Agona were the most frequent serotypes. In the National Forest of Caxiuanã, 69,4% of water samples were positive for Salmonella and 17 serotypes were identified, being S. Panama, S. Miami and S. Gaminara the most frequent ones. Antibiotic resistance was described in 64.8% of the Salmonella isolates from aquatic environments, with a special importance to streptomycin (97,1%) and tetracycline (10,8%). The presence of Salmonella and thermo-tolerant coliforms in superficial and underground water was frequently associated, but E.coli was not isolated in ten occasions. Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment broth was more efficient than Selenite Cystine for the isolation of Salmonella when kept at 42,5ºC. The serotypes isolated from sewage closely resembled the isolates originated from human fecal cultures during the same period. The results show the dissemination of Salmonella in aquatic environments in the State of Pará and the risk to the health of the human population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Micobacteriose não tuberculosa pulmonar em hospital de referência no Estado do Pará: espécies mais frequentes, apresentação radiológica e evolução clínica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-27) BARRETTO, Adriana Rodrigues; YAMADA, Elizabeth Sumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7240314827308306; FELÍCIO, João Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8482132737976863
The nontuberculous mycobacteria are present in environment and has been isolated from natural waters, soil, animals and water distribution systems. It’s characterized by the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall. In general, the disease is acquired through inhalation of droplets containing mycobacteria. This disease can manifest itself in many ways as lymphadenitis, pulmonary, cutaneous and disseminated. They are opportunistic pathogens of variable pathogenicity. Immunity defects, local or systemic, are required to cause disease in humans. We evaluated epidemiological, clinical and radiological features of 44 cases with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis at Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. In addition, we treated and followed 21/44 (47,7%) patients during a period of six to seventeen months in a prospective cohort study. There was an increase more than 100% in the number of cases in 2010 when compared to previous years. The most frequently isolated mycobacterias were M. intracellulare (22.7%) and M. massiliense (20.5%). The conditions associated included previous treatment for tuberculosis (93.2%), bronchiectasis (59%), HIV (11.4%), asthma (9.1%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9.1%). In general, there were no differences between NTM groups in radiological aspects, but when we analyzed chest radiographs, we found atelectasis more frequently in M. massiliense group vs. M. abscessus group. When we considered mycobacterial cultures, there was a good treatment outcome. Negative, persistent positive and positive after an initial negative culture occurred in 58,8%, 11,7% and 11,7% of patients, respectively. During the follow-up period, the death rate was 17,7%. Our data suggest that of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis has become a disease with increasing importance in our region. Additionally, the response to treatment performed in major hospital has been quite satisfactory when compared to literature. However, it is necessary to follow these patients for a longer period to determine the actual success rate of our therapeutic approach.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ocorrência de inibidores de glicosidases em cianobactérias e microalgas dos estados do Amapá e Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-13) SILVA, Vivian Cassia Oliveira da; XAVIER, Luciana Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6207860145204571
Cyanobacteria are presented as a new source of secondary metabolites for the production of bio-products in many industrial sectors and are used primarily because of its easy cultivation, using few nutritional sources, as well as a large biomass production. Until now we don't have many report in literature of cyanobacteria from amazon, as well as their metabolites and their use in bioproducts. Glycosidases are enzymes of extreme importance as targets for developing drugs that are used for the treatment of various diseases, as well as their inhibitors. This study aimed to identify 24 samples of cyanobacteria and microalgae from the states of Tocantins and Amapá, isolates that produce these inhibitors, as well as extract, fractionate and identify them. Initially, the detection test in petri dishes with esculin the substrate for glycosidase inhibitors has been standardized and the extraction methodology. As a result there was glucosidase inhibitory activity of crude extract and the methanol fraction of four samples (Synechococcus sp, Monoraphydium, P29 and Limnotrix sp), inhibitory activity was detected in the aqueous fractions of any culture. Two methanolic fractions that showed activity was selected for potential assay conducting inhibiting α-glycosidase face with the substrate p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside and β-glucosidase to the substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside, where both samples had a higher percentage of inhibition for α-glucosidase compared to β-glucosidase.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil epidemiológico, letalidade e caracterização molecular de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistentes, produtoras de metalobetalactamases de isolados clínicos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva na região Norte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MATOS, Eliseth Costa Oliveira de; CARNEIRO, Irna Carla do Rosário Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4389330944043163; LIMA, Karla Valéria Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795461154139260
The bacterial resistance is responsible for major concerns about the great problems on health systems. The proposal of this study was to determine the epidemiological, lethality and molecular characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a teaching hospital in city of Belem, Pará, Brazil and analyze the performance of susceptibility testing for P. aeruginosa in automated VITEK -2 to study the antimicrobial resistance. The target people of this study consisted of 54 patients with P. aeruginosa infection at the adult , pediatric and neonatal ICUs from January 2010 to March 2012. For the epidemiological research, demographic data, comorbidities, length of stay were collected. Episodes of Healthcare-associated infections were defined in accordance to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), use of invasive procedures, previous therapy and patient outcome, Jackson MacCabe score, APACHE II score and Charlson score were documented. The bacterial identification was performed by biochemical tests and VITEK-2 system. The sensitivity test was performed with the application of the method of broth microdilution , and detection of metallo-beta-lactamase by the double disc and PCR method. The test of Genotyping was made by amplification throug DiversiLab system. The P. aeruginosa was the second most common pathogen in the hospital and this occurrence was higher in the adult ICU. The respiratory infection was predominant in the adult ICU, while bloodstream infection was prevalent in pediatric and neonatal ICU. The multidrug resistance was higher in the adult ICU, the average age of patients was 28 years, with an average length of stay of 87.1 days, the diseases were potentially fatal and major risk factors for acquisition of PaMR infection were the use of mechanical ventilation and urinary catheterization. Through the meta-analysis study, we found that infections caused by MR strains showed higher mortality rate, and were twice as likely to death occurs, multidrug resistance a factor of poor prognosis in patients with infection PaMR. Four isolates producers blaSPM-1 variant was detected and genotyping figured the presence of genetic similarity greater than 97%, the changes observed may be related to selective pressure existing in the adult ICU, coupled with inadequate therapy. This study demonstrated the importance of investigations of infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens in critical care units, contributing to these data the possibility of better monitoring and control of these infections.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade bacteriológica da água domiciliar e superficial na área insular do município de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) VALE, Elivam Rodrigues; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
The ambient sanitation is one of the most important ways of prevention of illnesses, but unhappyly it is not a reality in all the sectors of the population, generating a preoccupying situation for the professionals of Public Health. Problematic relative to the health and the environment reveals particularly important for the brazilian north region, where people inhabit the edges of rivers and igarapés with lack or even though, infrastructure of sanitation absence, being displayed to possible risks of contamination. In this study, of expedition descriptive character, were used quali-quantitative methods, aiming at bacteriological diagnostics of the water consumed for the marginal inhabitants of the region of the islands, more specifically in the islands of Paulo da Cunha (Grande island) and Murutucu in the agricultural zone of the city of Belém-Pará. 96 water samples stored in the residences and 80 superficial water samples had been collected in ten points located surrounding area of the islands. It was evaluated the number of Termotolerants Coliforms and Standard Counting of Heterotrofics Bacteria in the water stored for consumption, as well as Termotolerants coliforms, fecals Estreptococos/Enterococos and bacterial enteropathogens in the superficial water. In the Grande island the results disclose concentrations that had varied of 25 to 3600, 15 to 420 and 15 to 420, for termotolerants Coliforms, fecals Estreptococos and Enterococos, respectively, in relation to the Murutucu island these values had varied of 540 to 2600, 44 to 680 and 44 to 448, respectively for the same pointers. The presence of Salmonella spp was observed in 27,5% in Grande island and 12.5% in the Murutucu island. It was verified that 58.7% and 66%, of the water samples of consumption in the islands Grande and Murutucu, had been respectively considered improper for consumption, with presence of termotolerants coliforms. In relation to heterotrofics bacteria, 41.3% in Grande island e 15% in the Murutucu island had 500 more than UFC/mL. Considering itself the results gotten in the present work verify that the water used in the agricultural zones can function as a factor of risk to the human health that use it.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resistência e bioacumulação de arsênio na cianobactéria Phormidium sp
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) FERREIRA, Anna Rafaella dos Santos; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155
Environmental contamination by arsenic has been increasing in recent years, either through natural or anthropogenic sources, which can cause greater exposure of humans to this toxic compound. Several studies have been developed to analyze the capacity of cyanobacterial species in bioremediation. The filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. excels due to well developed mechanisms to adapt to different environmental conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the resistance profile of Phormidium sp. at different concentrations of sodium arsenate. The cyanobacterium was inoculated in tubes containing 4 ml of BG-11 liquid medium and different concentrations of arsenate (5, 10, 30, 50, 100, 130, 150, 200 and 250 mM) without the presence of metalloid (control) and cultured for 20 days at 25 ° C without agitation and with a photoperiod of 12/12 h light / dark. The toxicity of arsenate to Phormidium sp. has been characterized by growth inhibition being determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a. All conditions were performed in triplicate. The determination of total arsenic in the samples was obtained using the technique of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the Instituto Evandro Chagas. The resistance of Phormidium sp. to arsenate was observed up to 50 mM of compound (p>0.05). Growth inhibition was observed above 100mM of arsenate (p<0.05). The analyzes of the total dose of arsenic in the culture medium showed that during the first day of experiment, the concentration of arsenic in the culture medium was lowered, followed by a gradual increase in the concentration of this metalloid. Probably, this cyanobacteria can accumulate arsenic and later excrete this metalloid to the extracellular medium. The results indicate the ability of the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. has to grow in medium containing high concentrations of arsenic. However, other analyzes become fundamental for elucidating the metabolic pathways involved in the process of resistance to this metalloid.