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Análise cladística e descrição de um grupo novo de espécies de Edessa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Valéria Juliete da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The suborder Heteroptera, is one of the largest hemimetabolic taxa and currently composed by seven infraorders, 23 superfamilies and 80 families. Pentatomidae is the fourth most numerous and diverse family among heteropterans having 4100 species in 760 genera and seven subfamilies. Edessinae has almost 290 species distributed in six genera: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora and Doesburgedessa. Among these genera Edessa concentrates almost all species as well as most of the taxonomical and nomenclatural problems of the subfamily. Due to its size, the revision is being made in parts, from the study of groups of species united by characteristics that are possible synapomorphies.Thus, the aim of this work is to propose and describe a new group of species based on a cladistic analysis. For the study were examined 114 specimens belonging to national and international collections. Descriptions were made following a traditional method also used for Edessinae. Photos and measurements of the species, line art drawings from metasternal process and genitalia of both sexes, key and distribution map are also provided. For the cladistic analysis 22 morphological characters were raised and polarized using an out group composed of Tibilis sp., Neotibilis fulvicornis, Brachystethus cribrus, Pantochlora vivida, Olbia elegans, Peromatus sp., Doesburgedessa elongatispina, Edessa cervus and Edessa affinis. Analysis was performed using NONA and a single tree with 30 steps, Consistency Index=0,93 and Retention Index=0,97 was obtained. Based on this analysis, the monophyly of the target group of species was confirmed. Thus, the group stolida is here proposed to include four species already described (Edessa stolida (Linnaeus, 1758), Edessa heymonsi Breddin, 1904, Edessa verhoeffi Breddin, 1904 and Edessa paravinula Barber, 1935) and five new species. The group stolida of Edessa is recognized by a protruding process of the posterior side of segment X; medial region of paramere with a triangular projection; absence of a distal band or tuft of hair on segment X; and gonapophyse 8 sclerotized. Species of the group stolida were differentiated only by the external genitalia of both sexes. The cladistic analysis supports the traditional view and the stolida group should be considered part of the subgenus Hypoxys of Edessa. Topology of the cladograma resultant is (Tibilis sp + Neotibilis fulvicornis (Brachystethus cribrus (Pantochlora vivida ((Doesburgedessa elongatispina + Edessa cervus (Peromatus sp. + Olbia elegans)) (Edessa affinis ((Edessa sp. nov 3 + Edessa sp. nov 3a) ((Edessa sp. nov 2 (Edessa verhoeffi+ Edessa heymonsi)) (Edessa stolida (Edessa sp. nov 4 (Edessa paravinula + Edessa sp. nov 5 ))))))))). The female of Edessa stolida and male of Edessa verhoeffi were described here for the first time. The records of species distribution are expanded.
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Análise cladística e novas espécies de Grammedessa Correia & Ferandes, 2016 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-26) SILVA, Paulo Augusto Lima da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The genus Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 has twelve species and was proposed without a cladistic analysis. The main diagnostic feature for Grammedessa are the black stripes on dorsal side of the head, these stripes are also present in specimens that were not initially considered part of the genus due to the absence of the other diagnostic characteristics of the group. The objective of the present work was to analyze Grammedessa using the cladistic methodology and to test if the initially excluded species would be or not part of this genus. A total of 45 specimens were examined. The descriptions followed pre-established models for descriptions in Edessinae. The cladistic analysis was performed exclusively with morphological characters polarized through the outgroup method, the matrix was composed by thirty-six terminal taxa, twenty-for in the outgroup, twelve in the ingroup, and forty-three characters in its mostly, binary. For the phylogenetic inference, maximum parsimony method was used using heuristic search algorithms, T.N.T. software was used. At the end of the analysis without weighing, eight equally parsimonious trees were obtained (L=108, CI=49 and IR=80); Using implicit weighing (n=6) three more parsimonious trees were obtained (L=109, CI=48 IR=80), and the consensus tree was presented and discussed. The hypothesis that Grammedessa is monophyletic was tested and corroborated by two synapomorphies: the dorsal region of the head with longitudinal stripes formed by spots and punctuation, the posterior side of the proctíger presenting a raised keel; Eight new species were described for the genus; Edessa Botocudo Kirkaldy, 1909 was transferred to Grammedessa.
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Análise cladística e revisão do subgênero nominal de Edessa (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-23) SILVA, Valéria Juliete da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Pentatomidae is the fourth numerous and diverse family of Heteroptera. From Pentatomidae, Edessinae has more than 300 described species. Edessinae is a Neotropical subfamily with nine genera: Edessa Fabricius, 1803, Brachystethus Laporte, 1832, Ascra Say, 1832, Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843, Olbia Stål, 1862, Pantochlora Stål, 1870, Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010, Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 and Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016, genera with well-defined diagnoses except Edessa which is considered a deposit of species to the subfamily. Edessa has the greatest taxonomical and nomenclatural problems of Edessinae, because it historically has a great confusion with the limits of the genus and subfamily. To solve the problem was proposed the review of Edessa from groups of species and subgenera. Edessa is composed by five subgenera: Aceratodes Amyot & Serville, 1843, Dorypleura Amyot & Serville, 1843, Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843, Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843and the nominal subgenus. Among subgenera only the nominal was not reviewed. As Edessa (Edessa) is an “empty taxa”, composed only by the type specie, it were used the characters of the groups of species by Stål (1872) as start point to the delimitation of this subgenus. During the bibliography research was found a mistake in the typification of Edessa, so here the type specie was changed from E. cervus (Fabricius, 1787) to E. antilope (Fabricius, 1798). To recognize and limit Edessa and to create relationship hypothesis among the species was realized a cladistics analysis. It were included the species considered by Stål (loc. cit.) as part of the Edessa group of species, as well as species that possess the characters mentioned by Stål as diagnosis to this group. The data matrix is composed for 111 morphological characters and 85 taxa, 13 of outgroup and 72 of ingroup. For the analysis were realized two weighting schemes: equal and implicit weight of characters with K varying from 3–12, and two types of search: traditional and new technologies. The cladogram with K=8 and traditional search have 763 steps, IC: 19 and IR: 60. Based on this cladogram the subgenus Edessa is composed by 10 species known for the science: E. antilope, E. cervus, E. taurina Stål, 1862, E. ibex Breddin, 1903, E. arabs (Linnaues, 1758), E. cylindricornis Stål, 1872, E. rondoniensis Fernandes & van Doesburg, 2000, E. burmeisteri Fernandes & van Doesburg, 2000, E. cerastes Breddin, 1905 and E. elaphus Breddin, 1905, and six new morphotypes: E. sp. nov. “near flavinernis”, E. sp. nov. “close flavinernis”, E. sp. nov. “near 112”, E. sp. nov. “close 112”, E. sp. nov. “40” and E. sp. nov. “131”. The subgenus Edessa is diagnosed by the mainly green color on dorsal surface; humeral angles at least twice longer than large, black apex of humeral angle posteriorly curved, whole or bifid; embolium contrasting in color to the corium; corium with at least one yellow vein; dorsal rim of pygophore narrow and continuous with the base of posterolateral angles. Also the cladistics analysis suggests the monophyly of Edessinae and polyphyly of Edessa in its current composition. Changes in taxonomical status to genera of Aceratodes, Dorypleura, Pygoda and Hypoxys are corroborated. Peromatus appears with an internal branch in the analysis; it reinforces the necessity to review the genus. Also were recognized and described 13 new group of species to Edessa. Were redescribed species known to the science and described new species to the genus. Nomenclatural problems have been identified, with 11 synonyms proposed and a revalidation of taxon previously in synonymy; lectotypes were designated and a key of identification of species is given.
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Análise da variação morfológica de Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) e Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) LIMA, Ana Caroline de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The subfamily Dipsadinae contains about 22 genus of Neotropical fauna and 24 others considered incertae sedis, but with common characters to the Dipsadinae subfamily. The genus Dipsas, Sibon, Sibynomorphus and Tropidodipsas compose the Dipsadini tribe, which is considered a well-based monofiletic group. The tribe is characterized by snakes with a high degree of morphologic specialization, related to the way of feeding and to adaptations to the habitat. The Dipsas genus includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America, it is constituted by thin and elongated snakes, with short and prominent head, great eyes, vertical pupils and absence of mental groove. The species are visible variable in coloration, number of scales and others morphologic characters. This extreme variation has made it difficult to define the limits between the species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. The great morphologic variation of characters in D. catesbyi and D. pavonina, associate to the difficulty to identify taxons and the lack of information on geographic distributions, justify the necessity of a detailed analysis of these species. For that, the present study was divided in two chapters. The first one corresponds to the analysis of the individual, sexual and geographic variation of D. catesbyi and D. pavonina and a comparison of characters between the two species. The second one corresponds to the analysis of the macrostructure of the cephalic glands in these two species, relating them with others taxons of Dipsadinae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise filogenética de Leptodeira Fitzinger, 1843 e taxonomia das espécies do clado do sul do complexo Leptodeira annulata/septentrionalis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) COSTA, João Carlos Lopes; ZAHER, Hussam; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8833733577277501; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Leptodeira is a Neotropical genus of snakes with nine species, divided in four morphological groups: annulata with the species L. annulata (L. a. annulata, L. a. ashmeadi, L. a. cussiliris, L. a. pulchriceps, L. a. rhombifera), L. bakeri, L. maculata, L. frenata (L. f. frenata, L. f. malleisi, L. f. yucatanensis), L. uribei; septentrionalis with L. septentrionalis (L. s. septentrionalis, L. s. larcorum, L. s. ornata, L. s. polysticta), L. splendida (L. s. splendida, L. s. bressoni, L. s. ephippiata); nigrofasciata only with L. nigrofasciata; and the punctata group represented by L. punctata. In the last taxonomic review of the genus, many species were considered as subspecies, being characterized primarily based on pattern of color. However, recent molecular analyses did not corroborate the taxonomic arrangement previously proposed. The two species with larger geographic distribution and more number of subspecies, L. annulata and L. septentrionalis, did not have their monophyly validated. In the more recent phylogenetic proposal of Leptodeira, the monophyly of the L. annulata/septentrionalis complex was obtained from molecular characters, being recovered two clades geographically distinct: a North clade, in the south of North America and north of Central America (L. s. polysticta ((L. rubricata - L. a. rhombifera) ((L. a. cussiliris - L. maculata) L. a. cussiliris))); and a South clade in south of Central America and entire South America ((L. s. ornata–L. a. annulata) (L. s. ornata (L. bakeri (L. a. ashmeadi–L. a. annulata)))). In this work I present a phylogenetic hypothesis for Leptodeira and I review taxonomically the clade South of the L. annulata/septentrionalis complex, presenting a new taxonomic arrangement for the group. Thus, the present thesis is organized in: General Introduction, where were presented the information about taxonomy and systematics of Leptodeira, specially of the annulata/septentrionalis complex; Chapter 1 entitled “Phylogenetic analysis of Leptodeira (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)”, with the aim of proposing a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, based in molecular characters; and the Chapter 2 entitled “Taxonomy of the species of the South clade of the L. annulata/septentrionalis complex (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)”, which have the objective of characterize morphologically the clades obtained from the molecular analysis and of propose a new taxonomic arrangement for the group.
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Análise filogeografica e populacional do gênero Corythopis sundevall, 1936 (Aves: Rhynchocyclidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUSA, Shirliane de Araújo; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
The genus Corythopis, family Rhynchocyclidae, has several taxa whose limits and validity are still doubtful, generating uncertainty about the actual amount of diagnosable evolutionary units within the group. This genus has two species: Corythopis delalandi, monotypic and distributed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, and C. torquatus (endemic to Amazonia), in which three forms are recognized, characterized and distinguished from each other by the pattern of shades of brown on the head: C. t. torquatus Tschudi, 1844; C. t. anthoides (Pucheran, 1855), and C. t. sarayacuensis Chubb, 1918. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the temporal and spatial contexts of the diversification of the genus Corythopis, allowing inferences about the evolutionary history and inter and intraespecific boundaries of the group. We performed phylogeographic (ML and IB) and population genetics analyzes based on a mitochondrial marker (ND2), and estimated a species tree for lineages within Corythopis with two nuclear (MUSK and βf5) and mitochondrial (ND2) markers. According to the results observed, there are five main filogroups of Corythopis endemic to the following regions (neotropical areas of endemism): 1- Xingu, Tapajós e Rondônia (north; east of the Jiparaná); 2- Napo; 3- Guiana; 4- Inambari e Rondônia (south, west of the river Jiparaná) e 5- Mata Atlântica. The results of phylogenetic and population genetics analyzes indicated the existence of two reciprocally monophyletic clades supported by high bootstrap support (>80%) and posterior probabilities (> 0.95), thus agreeing with the current taxonomy of the genus Corythopis, which recognizes an Amazonian (C. torquatus) and an Atlantic Forest / Cerrado biological species. The species tree agrees with the other analyzes showing that there are only two reciprocally monophyletic lineages in Corythopis with high statistical support: C. torquatus (F1, F2, F3 e F4) and C. delalandi (F5), reinforcing their status as independent biological species. The biogeographic pattern of separation between the different filogroups of Corythopis in the Amazon is quite different from that reported to date for different lineages of Amazonian birds, whereby the initial separation events involved populations from the Brazilian and Guianan shields.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aves da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós: composição, distribuição ecológica e efeitos da exploração madeireira de baixo impacto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) HENRIQUES, Luiza Magalli Pinto; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
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Avifauna do estado de Roraima: biogeografia e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
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Avifauna do estado do Acre: composição, distribuição geográfica e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SILVA, Edson Guilherme da; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
The Brazilian state of Acre borders Peru and Bolivia, and is located in the lowlands of the southwestern Amazon basin, close to the foothills of the Andes, in a region considered to be biologically megadiverse. Despite this, the region is still relatively poorly‐known in scientific terms, and is considered to be a priority for further biological surveys. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of the bird fauna of southwestern Amazonia, the principal objective of the present study was to evaluate these three questions: (a) How many and which bird species are found in Acre? (b) How are the species distributed in the state? and (c) What is the conservation status of the resident species? These questions were evaluated through a number of different approaches: (a) a comprehensive review of the literature; (b) field surveys over a two‐year period, including the recording and collection of voucher specimens; (c) production of distribution maps for each taxon (including species and subspecies); (d) distribution of the taxa among the state’s three major interfluvia or subregions (east, central, and west); (e) identification of zones of contact and hybridization, based on the distribution of parapatric species within the state; (f) estimation of the potential distribution of the taxa within the state of Acre, based on the extrapolation of the area occupied by that of each ecological unit (phytophysionomy) in which they were recorded; (g) assessment of the conservation goals for each resident taxon; and (h) a gap analysis, based on the overlap of the potential distribution maps with the state’s protected areas. The gap analysis was conducted with reference to three different scenarios: (a) inclusion of all the protected areas; (b) inclusion of only the fully‐protected area exclusive sustainable‐use units and indigenous reservations; and (c) including fully‐protected and sustainable‐use units, but excluding indigenous reservations. The literature review and surveys (historical and current fieldwork) began in August, 2005, and continued until December, 2007. At the end of this period, a total of 7.141 records of birds had been accumulated for the whole of the state of Acre. Of these, 4.623 are of museum specimens, 2.295 (49,6%) of which were collected during the present study. The presence of 655 biological species was confirmed for Acre, distributed among 73 families and 23 orders. One direct result of the study was the addition of five new species to the list of Brazilian birds. Fifty‐nine migratory species were also recorded, including 30 (50,8%) Nearctic and 18 (30,5%) austral migrants, as well as 11 (18,6%) considered to be intratropical migrants. Forty‐four of the species recorded in the study are endemic to the Inambari endemism center. Of the 556 taxa of forest birds resident in Acre, 405 (72,8%) are found in all three subregions, 56 (10,0%) were recorded only in the western subregion, 30 (5.3%) in the eastern subregion, whereas only three (0,5%) were exclusive to the central area. At least six pairs of sister taxa have an allopatric distribution in the state, while 15 sets of taxa present a parapatric distribution. Two zones of secondary contact (east‐west) and two possible hybrid zones (east‐west) were identified within the state. The gap analysis revealed that, under scenario (a), 87,1% of the taxa were fully protected (100% conservation target), and 12% were considered intermediate, that is, partially protected, whereas only 0.8% were completely unprotected. In scenario (b), by contrast, only 0,6% of the taxa were fully protected, 97.6% were partially protected, and 1,8% were totally unprotected. In the third scenario (c), 73,5% of taxa were fully protected, 25,5% partially protected, and only 0,8% completely unprotected. The principal conclusions reached in the present study were: (a) the Brazilian state of Acre has an extremely rich bird fauna, although the number of species recorded should still increase as new surveys are conducted; (b) the Purus and Juruá rivers do not constitute physical barriers to the dispersal of most bird species resident in Acre; (c) the existence of zones of secondary contact not related to the state’s principal river systems supports the conclusion that factors other than physical barriers determine the present‐day pattern of distribution of some of the resident bird taxa in Acre; (d) that the number of “gap” and “partial gap” bird species in Acre is very low when the full protected area network is considered, although this number increases with the exclusion of indigenous reservations, and in particular, sustainable‐use conservation units; and (e) the only species completely unprotected by the state’s conservation network are those restricted to the campina and campinarana ecosystems of western Acre, which indicates a clear need for the establishment of one or more conservation units in this region with the specific aim of protecting this distinct type of ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biogeografia e filogeografia comparada do complexo Micrastur ruficollis (Aves, Falconidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOARES, Leonardo Moura dos Santos; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
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Biologia e estrutura populacional das espécies da família sciaenidae (Pisces : Perciformes), no estuário do rio Caetê município de Bragança, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-03) CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This study aimed to assess the average biomass and spatial and temporal distribution of the family Sciaenidae fishes in the estuary of the Caeté River, northern of Brazil, with special reference to the species Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso, Macrodon ancylodon and Cynoscion microlepidotus. Age at first sexual maturity (L50), spawning season, the length-weight relationships, food diet, population consumption by biomass (Q/B), population structure and dynamics were estimated. 6 Bimonthly samples were taken in the estuarine area of the Caeté River, from October 1996 to August 1997. The average biomass of the family Sciaenidae was 0,840g/m². The spatial distribution in the system was related to spawning and recruitment. Juveniles of S. rastrifer, S. naso e M. ancylodon occurred inside some areas in the estuary, although larger individuals were abundant outside where salinity is higher. The L50 values were 10cm, 10,7cm e 21,5cm respectively. Two spawning periods in a year were found, which determine the recruitment of two cohorts, with different growth parameters. The length-weight relations were allometric and no differences were found by sex. An ontogenetic change was found in the diet composition of these species; young prey zooplancton and adults feed predominantly on larval stages of decapodes and poliquetes, and juveniles of fishes. Diet overlaps changed during the ontogenic development of each species. The relation Q/B indicated that S. rastrifer and S. naso consume more food in relation to the body size, in opposite to the larger species like M. ancylodon and C. microlepidotus. The fishes of the Caeté River presented higher growth and low longevity when compared to the same species inhabit the higher latitudes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Canais e poros do sistema laterossensorial cefálico em Callichthyidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Loricarioidea): anatomia comparada, sinonímia e implicações gilogenéticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-02) LEÃO, Manuela Dopazo de Vasconcellos; WOSIACKI, Wolmar Benjamin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0040413891328104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-8501
The lateral line mechanoreceptor system is typically composed of a series of neuromast contained in canals that are connected via pores and traverse dermal bones of the head. This system is an important sensory modality in most stages of fishes life history because it allows organisms to detect changes in water flow sites and weak electric fields. The lateral line canals system may vary significantly in different species of fishes, even in closely related species. Such variability includes the presence or absence of pores and canals, as well as the number, location, branching and width of the canals, as well as the number, size and location of the pores in the canal. Callichthyidae is the third most diverse family within Loricarioidea (Siluriformes), allocating 220 valid species, being easily recognized for having the body almost completely protected by bony plates, basically arranged in two longitudinal series. It is currently subdivided into two subfamilies: Callichthyinae and Corydoradinae and has been used in studies of the lateral line system since the 19 century, and characters referring to this system are used as a diagnosis among recently described species. However, the group lacks homology assessments of the canals and pores of the cephalic laterosensory system. The aim of the present work is to investigate the characters related to the cephalic laterosensory system of Callichthyidae through describing the comparative anatomy between the taxa and postulate about the homology of this system in order to reconstruct the characters within the group in a combined matrix analysis of morphological and molecular data. In addition, a review and redefinition of the anatomical nomenclature used for laterosensory canals and pores in the family was performed. In this study, 31 characters were validated and 4 synapomorphies were found for Callichthyidae, as well their respective lineages, evidencing the importance of investigation of characters of morphological complex not traditionally used. The present study also shows that once combined with other morphological data, they reflect greater consistency and resolution in both a phylogenetical and taxonomical context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica de Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler, 1824) e Liophis reginae macrosomus (Amaral, 1935), e o status taxonômico de Liophis oligolepis Boulenger, 1905
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-25) COSTA, Robson Gil Neris; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The Brazilian subspecies of Liophis reginae (Liophis reginae macrosomus and Liophis reginae semilineatus) were analyzed, in order to characterize the two taxa and to verify the validity of Liophis oligolepis, considered a synonym of Liophis regime semilineatus. External morphology, cranial osteology and hemipenis were examined. Based on a MANOVA, significant sexual differences in head and body variables were identified. A discriminant analysis function (DAF) was performed for males and females separately, in order to maximize in a multivariate space the differences between the three previously defined taxa: Liophis reginae semilineatus, Liophis reginae macrosomus, and Liophis oligolepis. The first discriminant component in males separated clearly Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis oligolepis, while Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus separated at the second discriminant component. In females, the first disctiminant component separated Liophis oligolepis from Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus. When both sexes were analysed together, for the pairs of taxa Liophis oligolepis - Liophis reginae semilineatus, and Liophis reginae semilineatus - Liophis reginae macrosomus, both pairs were separated by the first discriminant component. Since some specimens of Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus were registered beyond their previous known distribution, a DAF was applied to verify if these specimens grouped within their presumed taxa or geographically. The first possibility occurred, supporting the validity of each taxon and raising the question of their taxonomic status. The hemipenian morphology does not differ between Liophis reginae semilineatus, Liophis reginae oligolepis and Liophis reginae macrosomus. The three taxa present similar skulls, although differences were observed between the parietal bones of Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae oligolepts. The validity of Liophis oligolepis was corroborated, based on meristic, morphometric and morphological characters. Future studies will be necessary to test the Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus status.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A composição de Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) coprófagos na região de Alter do Chão, Pará: a influência dos biomas Amazônia e cerrado e da sazonalidade e os efeitos de tamanho de área, isolamento e proximidade de estradas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-22) TEIXEIRA, Frederico Machado; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
This work had as objective to investigate the effect of the size of the forest islands, of its distances for the continuous forest (isolation) and for the adjacent roads on the coprófagos community of Scarabaeidae. Samples had been collected in 24 islands of semideciduous forest, between 0,5 and 360 ha, in an Amazonian savanna matrix and eight places in predominantly secondary, semideciduous continuous forest, in the region of Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará. The Scarabaeidae had been collected with pitfall traps with bait (human dung) in two seasonal periods (dries and rain). For each point of collection 10 traps had been installed in two 250 m transects, distant 100 m between itself. 5 traps in each transect that had been placed 50 m apart. For each place of collect was registered the DAP (Height Brest Tree Diameter), of all trees with equal or superior diameter of the 5 cm, in four 250 transectos of 2 x m, being these used data to derive the indices from the structure of the vegetation (average diameter and number of individuals). The area, perimeter and the distances of the islands for the continue forest had been calculated using respectively the extensions "X-Tools" and "Nearest Features v3.6d" for ArcView, on the map of the area digitalized from an image of Landsat TM of 1996. The collected units had been identified with the aid of specialized bibliography and specialists. For the characterization of the fauna, the joined species had been compared with a list of species generated from publications for the Cerado, Amazonia and Brazilian ecotone (cerrado-floresta). To evaluate the robustness of the sampling, curves of rarefação had been used and gotten estimates of wealth using itself diverse estimators. For the analysis of the standards of the communities, an analysis HNMDS (Semi-strong Hibrid Multidimensional Scaling) using itself in the distance of Bray-Curtis was used. 18 pertaining sorts and 36 species to biomas of the Cerrado and Amazonia had been found, but was not possible to have a complete notion of the parcel of each biome represented in this ecotone of transition savanna-forest, once that the samples had not been enough for the exhausting survey of the wealth of Scarabaeidae. The ordinance showed a trend of grouping of the continuous forests and separation of these of the forest islands. Although the survey to have registered a bigger number of species in the forest islands that in the areas of continuous forest, the communities had presented a strong hierarchic standard [ P (T< 14,87°)<0,001 ], indicating that in the islands they are persisting only one parcel of the total of species of the region. A relation was not found enters the composition of Scarabaeidae and the size and the form of the forest islands. But a significant relation between the composition (axle 1) and the isolation (F=5,363, P=0,031) and the composition (axle 1) and the number of trees was found (DAP > 5 cm) (F=6,103, P=0,012, corrected for Bonferroni). The number of trees of each place of sampling was related with the proximity of roads (0,658), what it strengthens the idea of that the roads are contributing for changes in the structure of the vegetation, that in turn has a effect on the fauna of Scarabaeidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e biogeografia da avifauna das ilhas Caviana e Mexiana, foz do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1994-01-14) HENRIQUES, Luiza Magalli Pinto; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
The islands of Caviana and Mexiana, located in the mouth of the Amazon River, are composed of fluvial sediments and well consolidated lands that date from the Terciary and that were separated from the continent by tectonic action at the beginning of the Holocene. The composition of the avifauna of these islands is analized both from the biogeographical and the ecological points of view. I registered 148 bird species for Caviana Island and 183 for Mexiana Island. The discrepancy between the size of the two islands (Caviana is larger than Mexiana) and the number of species observed is due to undersampling of Caviana. However, the analysis of faunal composition demonstrated that Caviana is richer in forest species than is Mexiana. In contrast, Mexiana showed a greater richness of birds of open habitats. These differences suggest that the rising of sea level at the beginning of the Holocene caused the extinction of greater part of the fauna of the understory ou Mexiana. The portions of Mexiana Island with "teso" vegetation were not submerged, maintaining their characteristic avifauna, which is also represented on Marajó Island. To analyse of the distribuitions of 157 species I subdivided the avifauna into seven categorias: widespread distribution in South America (77 species); widespread Amazonian distribution (25); distribution restricted to eastern Amazonia (7); distribution restricted to south of the Amazon River and east of the Tapajós River (3); distribution restricted to várzea (19); widespread distribution in northern Amazonia and absent from the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium (5); and widespread distribution in Central Brasil (21). I did not find elements restricted to the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. This fact is related to ecological rather than historical factors. The pattern related to northern Amazonia can be interpreted as the result of recent dispersal, the system of islands at the mouth of the Amazon, or by the formation of the Purás and Gurupá Arches, which, associated with the lowering of sea level during Pleistocene, established a connection between lhe right and left banks of the Amazon River. The dispersal occurred in both directions, explaining lhe existence of a large number of species and subspecies with distributions restricted to eastern Amazonia, as well as the dispersal of Central Brasilian elements to north of the Amazon River. This last component of the avifauna is a1so related to the expansion of open vegetations, characteristic of Central Brazil, during glacial periods.
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Composição e riqueza de espécies de anuros (Amphibia) em fragmentos florestais no Lago de Tucuruí, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) LIMA, Janaina Reis Ferreira; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
Habitat loss and forest fragmentation represent serious risk to anuran species maintenance in Amazonian. Herein, we determine composition, richness and abundance of anuran species in forest fragments at two Zones of wildlife protection (ZWP) established at the Tucuruí dam, east Pará state. Anuran fauna was sampled through transects at twelve fragments of different sizes, distributed along the two ZWP, the first on the right (ZWP-R) and the second on the left (ZWP-L) edge of the lake. Frogs were registered through active search and pitfall trap captures. From January to July 2005 we registered 2370 individuals from 35 anuran species. Thirty species were found in the ZWP-L (13 exclusive species) and 22 in the ZWP-R (five exclusive species). Seven estimators of species richness were obtained with the use of EstimateS® Software. For the most estimators, curves of species accumulation trended to stability. However, estimates of species richness varied among the estimators, with bootstrap the lowest (38) and the Jacknife the highest (45) values. The combination of the species observed here with the nine species registered in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi resulted in 44 species, suggesting that estimators for species richness had a reasonable performance. Similarity of anuran species was higher among fragments from the same edge of the lake than from similar size fragments. Species richness was positive and significantly related to size, but not to distance from the fragment from continuous forest. There was no significant relationship between number of individuals observed in the fragment and the fragment size. Differences in the species composition between the two ZWP suggest certain complementariety of the two unities to the conservation of the local anuran fauna, as well the need of a higher effort of anuran sampling, principally through the increase of study area, for the best comprehension of these differences and their implications.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, ecologia e história natural das serpentes de uma região de transição Amazônia - Cerrado, Mato grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ABE, Pedro Santos; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
This study aimed to document the composition and natural history of a community of snakes recorded at Tanguro Farm, Querência municipality, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, an area which represents a transition between two major neotropical biomes, Amazonia and Cerrado. Six expeditions to the study site were carried out, resulting in the record of 203 specimens (194 captures), distributed in 34 species, 26 genera and 8 families. An estimate based in the incidence of rare species (Jackknife 1) indicated a total richness of 38 species in the study site, which demonstrate that the inventory was relatively exhaustive. The most abundant species were Caudisona durissa (N=50), Philodryas olfersii (N=15), Philodryas nattereri (N=13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (N=12), Lachesis muta (N=10) e Liophis almadensis (N=10). A Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) demonstrated that the taxocenosis are superimposed, revealing a trend to formation of three distinct groups: Amazonia’s, Cerrado´s and Mata Atlantica´s taxocenosis. The species composition at Tanguro Farm was intermediary between the groups formed by Amazonian and Cerrado species, occurring species with wide distribution ranges as well as species restrict to either Amazonia or Cerrado. The pattern of habitat use of the studied taxocenosis is terrestrial, followed by semi-arboreous and fossorial. With regards to the feeding strategies, there are a predominance of generalist snake species. An analysis of ecological groupings showed four functional groups, suggesting that the taxocenosis complexity could be explained by ecological and historical factors.
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A comunidade de tubarões (Chondrichthyes : selachii : Galea) da formação pirabas, Neógeno da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-10) COSTA, Sue Anne Regina Ferreira da; RICHTER, Martha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381228195500524; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The shark community (Selachii:Galea) from the Pirabas Formation in one of the most representative of the Neogene in South America due to its high diversity of taxa and range of ecological components. The presence of eight known genera enabled to establish hypothesis about the trophic chain of the vertebrate palaeocommunity, as well as to corroborate previous reconstructions about the paleoenvironmental parameters of this geologic unit. This study dealt with the taxonomic revision of the shark community on both generic and species leveis, allowing the following composition: Carcharhinus spl, Carcharhinus sp2, Carcharhinus sp3, Carcharhinus priscus, Sphyrna magna, Hemipristis serra, Carcharodon megalodon, Isurus sp, Ginglymostoma serra, Ginglymostoma obliquum. The analyses of newly collected specimens and microscopic material allowed a considerable expansion of identified individuals up to 231 teeth. This work is a contribution to refine the knowledge about the regional patterns of shark paleobiogeography.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade ictica e suas interrelacões tróficas como indicadores de integridade biológica na área de influencia do projeto hidrelétrico Belo Monte-Rio Xingu, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04) CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This study presents applied methodologies to better understand the dynamics of mechanisms characterizing a portion of the Xingu River, with respect to fish communities living in that environment. Through the study of the ichthyofauna it is aimed to verify various environmental standard patterns, in order to assess the current conservation state of a part of the Xingu River. Based on surveys of the local ichthyofauna conducted over seasonal variations, analyses were conducted at the specieS, population and trophic guild levels. With regards to the ecological population level, study of biological parameters such as individual growth rates, asymptotic body length, mortality rates and size at first maturity were good indicators for a better understanding of the life history of those fish groups. Therefore a trend was observed in which species of relatively small body size to followed a "r" type strategy, whilw species of larger body sizes would follow the "k" strategy tactics. From a functional point of view, it was verified that guild community structure is not only a good indicator of convergence patterns to similar ecosystems as like the Xingu River studied stretch, but also a tool to assess its conservation status. A steady- state ecosystem model for the medium Xingu River sector indicated that it is a system highly instable, and simultaneusly look like a mature seasonal system. An apparent seasonal restriction of food availability observed in the studied river section could imply optimum use efficiency and transfer of the trophic resources. A biogeographic study was undertaken based on species occurrence in order to conceptualise the River stretch comprised between the confluences of the Iriri and Xingu Rivers up to the vicinity of of the village Senador José Porfirio, in the Xingu basin. By means of this analysis, it was possible to demonstrate that the medium upstream of waterfalls) and lower (downstream) courses of the Xingu River are parts of two endemic areas. The low affinity of species composition observed in these two sectors is attributed to geographic variations in the landscape. Therefore, the boundaries of the waterfalls around the village of Belomonte and the influence of the Amazon River in the lower Xingu course could trigger differences in ichthyofaunal composition and species abundance when compared to the medium course of that river. Finally, the importance of maintaining all hydrologic connectivity is pointed out in order to maintan the unity of the system, from the headwaters to the mouth. Impacts on environmental processes and fish populations in the medium course of the Xingu River as a result of the eventual construction of the Belemonte hydroelectric dam are discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições taxonômicas para Palpigera Hebard (Orthoptera:Phalangopsidae) com descrição de novas espécies , novos registros e proposição de um novo gênero para Luzarina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04) FRANCO, Lianderson Farias; TAVARES, Gustavo Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1932927205901338; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-1395-7552; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
The subtribe Luzarina is the most representative in the neotropical region, currently with 128 valid species distributed across 49 genera. In this study, we contribute to the knowledge of the group by describing five new species of Palpigera and a new genus with a new species, Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov. The five Palpigera species were identified from 74 specimens collected in different locations in Brazil, including Serra do Cachimbo (PA), Canaã dos Carajás (PA), São José do Rio Claro (MT), Cocalzinho de Goiás (GO), and the Parque Nacional das Sete Cidades (PI). Morphological and internal genitalia analysis revealed that these species differ from other members of the genus in features such as the shape of the palpi, the tenth tergite, metanotal glands, the arrangement of the tympana on the forelegs, vein cells in the tegmina, and the morphology of the phallic complex. These species represent the first records of Palpigera for the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil. Additionally, we describe Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov., collected in the Amazon rainforest. This new genus, probably related to Melanotes and Palpigera, is distinguished by its reduced tegmina without a stridulatory apparatus, absence of tympanum, long and thin palpi, shape of the endophallus sclerite, bifid endophallus apodeme, and shape of the female copulatory papilla. These findings expand the taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of the Luzarina subtribe in the neotropical region.