Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA::ZOOLOGIA APLICADA::CONSERVACAO DAS ESPECIES ANIMAIS"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avifauna do estado de Roraima: biogeografia e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avifauna do estado do Acre: composição, distribuição geográfica e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SILVA, Edson Guilherme da; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
The Brazilian state of Acre borders Peru and Bolivia, and is located in the lowlands of the southwestern Amazon basin, close to the foothills of the Andes, in a region considered to be biologically megadiverse. Despite this, the region is still relatively poorly‐known in scientific terms, and is considered to be a priority for further biological surveys. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of the bird fauna of southwestern Amazonia, the principal objective of the present study was to evaluate these three questions: (a) How many and which bird species are found in Acre? (b) How are the species distributed in the state? and (c) What is the conservation status of the resident species? These questions were evaluated through a number of different approaches: (a) a comprehensive review of the literature; (b) field surveys over a two‐year period, including the recording and collection of voucher specimens; (c) production of distribution maps for each taxon (including species and subspecies); (d) distribution of the taxa among the state’s three major interfluvia or subregions (east, central, and west); (e) identification of zones of contact and hybridization, based on the distribution of parapatric species within the state; (f) estimation of the potential distribution of the taxa within the state of Acre, based on the extrapolation of the area occupied by that of each ecological unit (phytophysionomy) in which they were recorded; (g) assessment of the conservation goals for each resident taxon; and (h) a gap analysis, based on the overlap of the potential distribution maps with the state’s protected areas. The gap analysis was conducted with reference to three different scenarios: (a) inclusion of all the protected areas; (b) inclusion of only the fully‐protected area exclusive sustainable‐use units and indigenous reservations; and (c) including fully‐protected and sustainable‐use units, but excluding indigenous reservations. The literature review and surveys (historical and current fieldwork) began in August, 2005, and continued until December, 2007. At the end of this period, a total of 7.141 records of birds had been accumulated for the whole of the state of Acre. Of these, 4.623 are of museum specimens, 2.295 (49,6%) of which were collected during the present study. The presence of 655 biological species was confirmed for Acre, distributed among 73 families and 23 orders. One direct result of the study was the addition of five new species to the list of Brazilian birds. Fifty‐nine migratory species were also recorded, including 30 (50,8%) Nearctic and 18 (30,5%) austral migrants, as well as 11 (18,6%) considered to be intratropical migrants. Forty‐four of the species recorded in the study are endemic to the Inambari endemism center. Of the 556 taxa of forest birds resident in Acre, 405 (72,8%) are found in all three subregions, 56 (10,0%) were recorded only in the western subregion, 30 (5.3%) in the eastern subregion, whereas only three (0,5%) were exclusive to the central area. At least six pairs of sister taxa have an allopatric distribution in the state, while 15 sets of taxa present a parapatric distribution. Two zones of secondary contact (east‐west) and two possible hybrid zones (east‐west) were identified within the state. The gap analysis revealed that, under scenario (a), 87,1% of the taxa were fully protected (100% conservation target), and 12% were considered intermediate, that is, partially protected, whereas only 0.8% were completely unprotected. In scenario (b), by contrast, only 0,6% of the taxa were fully protected, 97.6% were partially protected, and 1,8% were totally unprotected. In the third scenario (c), 73,5% of taxa were fully protected, 25,5% partially protected, and only 0,8% completely unprotected. The principal conclusions reached in the present study were: (a) the Brazilian state of Acre has an extremely rich bird fauna, although the number of species recorded should still increase as new surveys are conducted; (b) the Purus and Juruá rivers do not constitute physical barriers to the dispersal of most bird species resident in Acre; (c) the existence of zones of secondary contact not related to the state’s principal river systems supports the conclusion that factors other than physical barriers determine the present‐day pattern of distribution of some of the resident bird taxa in Acre; (d) that the number of “gap” and “partial gap” bird species in Acre is very low when the full protected area network is considered, although this number increases with the exclusion of indigenous reservations, and in particular, sustainable‐use conservation units; and (e) the only species completely unprotected by the state’s conservation network are those restricted to the campina and campinarana ecosystems of western Acre, which indicates a clear need for the establishment of one or more conservation units in this region with the specific aim of protecting this distinct type of ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O coatá-de-testa-branca (Ateles marginatus) do baixo Rio Tapajós, Pará: distribuição, abundância e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-02-16) RAVETTA, André Luís; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The white-fronted spider monkey, Ateles marginatus, is an endangered species according to IUCN. Endemic to Brazilian Amazonia, its status is due to a combination of a relatively restricted geogaphic distribution and the growing human presence within this area. The present study focussed on the BR-163 (Santarém-Cuiabá) highway, on the right bank of the lower Rio Tapajós, a region of prolonged and intense human occupation. The principal aim of the present study was an evaluation of the distribution and abundance of A. marginatus within this area, and analysis of the factors determining these variables. Residents were interviewed informally at 16 sites in order to confirm the presence or absence of the species. Line transect population surveys were conducted at eight sites, representing differing degrees of habitat fragmentation, with a total transect length of 697.6 km. Groups of A. marginatus were monitored at two sites for the collection of data on their behaviour and ecology. The results indicate that the species is absent from some areas, including natural lacunae in its distribution as well as a zone of local extinction, that appears to extend as least as far as 60 km south of the city of Santarém. A total of 23 species of nonflying mammals were recorded in the population surveys, but the presence of A. marginatus was confirmed at only three sites. The study indicates that isolated fragments of forest of less than one hundred hectares are unable to support populations of A. marginatus. In the case of larger fragments, the presence and abundance of the species appears to be influenced more directly by human factors (hunting and logging). The species seems to be relatively rare even in continuous forest, which is similar to other populations of Ateles in Brazilian Amazonia. Two groups, one with eight members and the other with at least twenty, were identified during monitoring. As in other members of the genus, the formation of subgroups (fission-fusion), a relatively high proportion of females in the population and a frugivorous diet are also observed in A. marginatus. The study reveals the critical situation of the species in the region, in the face of human occupation, and the urgent need both to deter the process of habitat fragmentation and establish new protected areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Colonização por anfíbios e lagartos de áreas reflorestadas no Platô Saracá, região de Porto Trombetas-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SARMENTO, João Fabrício de Melo; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
Few studies have considered faunal colonization of reforested areas after mining. To determine patterns of colonization of reforestation areas in Porto Trombetas, Pará, we examined species composition, richness, abundance and biological characteristics of amphibian and lizard species. Also I evaluated the effect of vegetation structure and distance to native forests on the community of amphibians in reforested areas. Amphibians and lizards were sampled along eight occasions in four-eight reforestation areas and four areas of native forests through active search and using artificial ponds for amphibian reproduction. Twenty species of amphibians and 20 species of lizards were registered, with 14 species of amphibians and 11 species of lizards in reforestations and 19 species of amphibians and 16 species of lizards in native forests. Among amphibians, Leptodactylus sp., Osteocephalus oophagus e Allobates femoralis were the most abundant species in the two environments. Among lizards, Gonatodes humeralis and Leposoma guianense were the most abundant species in reforestations and native forests, respectively. Amphibians with terrestrial reproduction or which use small temporary ponds to spawn and arboreal lizards were the most abundant groups in the reforested areas. Fossorial and semifossorial amphibians and litter lizards were the main absent groups in the reforested areas, suggesting that the current stage of vegetation succession does not offer appropriate microhabitats for some species. Species richness of amphibians was higher in areas with larger canopy cover. Areas with larger canopy cover had also higher abundance of Leptodactylus sp., A. femoralis and O. oophagus. Only four species of amphibians have used the artificial ponds for spawning and there was no significant relationship between the number of species that used the ponds and the distance to native forest or the canopy cover. Osteocephalus oophagus spawn in ponds most farer and A. femoralis in ponds closer to the native forest. Results show that amphibian and lizard fauna in reforestation areas is a subgroup of the native forest fauna and encompasses forest species which indicate the relative importance of these areas for the conservation of the local fauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento alimentar do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiroptes Satanas) na área de influência do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-21) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Constructed in 1985, the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station created a 2430 lun2 lake (3°43'-5°15’S, 49°12'-50°00'W), and restricted populations of the southem bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), an endangered primate, to a series of islands and other habitat fragments. This study took place at two sites on the lake's right bank, one in continuous forest (T4) and the other on a small island of 16.3 hectares (Su), with groups of 34 and seven sakis, respectively. The principal objective was an evaluation of the influence of habitat fragmentation on the sakis' foraging behaviour. Basic data were collected in one-minute scan samples with a five-minute interval, whereas foraging behaviour was recorded in greater detail in focal-tree samples, and behavioural sampling. Basic behavioural categories were locomotion, rest, forage, feed, and social interaction, with a number of subcategories. Between July and December 2002, 3503 scan records were obtained for group T4, and 835 for group Su. 'The activity budget of T4 was 55.8% locomotion, 21.7% feed, 16.1% rest, 3.6% forage, and 2.8% social interactions. Feeding was recorded at a similar proportion (22.4%) for Su, although this group spent significantly less time in locomotion (45.9%), and more at rest (27.0%). A major difference was also found in the number of plant species exploited for the dietary resources, 40 for T4 (Arecaceae being the most important family) but only 22 for Su (Lecythidaceae), although no significant difference was found in the diversity of their diets. The composition of their diets was significantly different, however, the major item for T4 was immature seeds (the mesocarp of palm fruits was also important), whereas the consumption of flowers — practically all from the species Alexa grandiflora (Leguminosae) — was very frequent in Su. The differences between groups seem to be at least partly related to that in their home ranges, which was 68.9 hectares for T4 and only 16.3 ha (the whole island) for Su. Aspects of the behaviour of group Su members, such as increased rest and feeding on flowers, may reflect the effects of habitat fragmentation on their ecology, with negative implications for the group's long term survival. It is hoped that these results will make a significant contribution to the development of effective conservation strategies at this endangered primata as well in the fragmented landscape of eastern Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de um grupo de macacos-aranha-da-cara-branca, Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809), no sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SOARES, Paola Cardias; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The distribution of precipitation over the months, influences on annual distribution of food resources and how these resources can be found in an environment causes primates to adopt different strategies in order to gain access to them. In our study, we evaluated the variations in behavior and diet of the white whiskered spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) at the Cristalino Private Reserve. The primates were followed and behavioral and diet data was systematically collected over nine months, between September 2011 until May 2012, through the scan sampling method. The variation concerning activity budget, use of space and diet was analyzed for three periods characterized by distinct rainfall amounts (early rains, rainfall peak and transition from rain to drought). At the peak of the rains, the primates apparently maximized its energy consumption, moving more (43.8%) so as to have more access to fruits, which were probably more available in the environment, eating more fruits (96.5%) and resting less (18.5%). Upper height classes (>20 to 30 meters) were most widely used during periods of rain, both at the beginning and in the peak, at least in part as a way to shelter from the rain and the ranging area and daily journey lengths were higher at the early rains period. There was a predominance of females in the subgroups, with males being more recorded (36.2%) at the beginning of the rainy season, probably to copulate, an activity that had most of their records occurring in one month (December) for that same period. Largest subgroups were recorded during periods of increased precipitation, and smaller sub-groups in drier times seem to be part of the strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. The diet was mostly frugivorous, being distinguished in the transition from rain to drought, not only by the lower contribution of ripe fruits (54.3%) as well as the contribution of young leaves (35.8%), when compared to the other two periods, when ripe fruits composed more than 70% of the diet. Diet diversity of ripe fruit was concentrated in a small number of key species of fruit trees and the fruits used to be swallowed whole, with the disposal of seed being unusual and occurring only for few species. Seeds ingested passed intact by the digestive tract of spider monkeys and caterpillars’ consumption was limited to a short period of time, constituting an alternative source of protein. Alternative items like decaying wood and earth from termite nests in months of low rainfall seem to complement the diet at the same time that also supply the primates’ diet with nutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorous, which are less present in ripe fruits, and the consumption of Eichhornia sp., although little recorded, suggests that these aquatic plants are important nutritional content in the diet of these primates. High frugivory of spider monkeys and their ability to disperse intact seeds away from the parent plants, reinforce its importance in the regeneration of forests and justify their conservation and their habitats. Information regarding the behavioral ecology and diet of these primates, though basic, are pioneering and essential to understand the adaptive strategies of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e conservação de aves migratórias neárticas da ordem Charadriiformes (famílias Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SERRANO, Inês de Lima; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Despite the research efforts in recent years, some aspects of neartic Charadriidae and Scolopacidae migration in Brazil remained unknown. To detect the major movements patterns of these species in the country, local and regional scale studies had their data comprehensively organized. The identification of the patterns of neartic Charadriidae and Scolopacidae distribution and migration in the Brazilian territory is a major objective of this thesis. The data analysis also aims to develop conservation strategies for the envolved species. More specific objectives are the characterization of their main migratory routes and the identification of critical areas for their conservation, using the criteria proposed by the IBAs and KBAs; the assessment of the current state of conservation of critical areas accordingly to the National System of Units Conservation (SNUC); the assessment whether critical neartic shorebirds areas were designated as priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Brazil; and the use of Ramsar Convention and WHSRN criteria to identify critical areas for these species. The database was established from literature review, scientific collections of Brazilian and foreign museums, from birds banded in Brazil and U.S.; data provided by researchers from Brazil, Argentina and the United States, personal field data from the Pantanal (MS), coast of Maranhão and Rio Grande do Sul states coast. Nineteen of 24 species have important data set, the remaining 5 being either occasional or having little information in Brazil. The coastal areas have greater data concentration with lower coverage of inland areas. The western Amazon proved to be the least known in spite of some species use as a migratory route. The coast among the mouth of the Amazon and Sao Luis, Maranhão has been the main area in terms of numbers of neartic shorebirds. The coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul was second. Not all individuals migrate every year to the northern hemisphere, as shown by the 15 species recorded year round in Brasil. Considering the global flyways, eight species were found using the Atlantic flyway and 10 the Mississippi flyway or the center of North America. The other six species may possibly use both flyways. Five flyways are proposed for neartic shorebirds in Brasil (Antas, 1983). During the northward migration some species have records in the Amazon region, period when possibly their habitats should be seasonnaly flooded. The pattern of arrival in the southward migration in Brazil is from August till October, increasing from September on. The northward migration occurs from mid March till April in most species. During the non breeding season there is a distributional pattern along the coast used by nine species. Seven other species use the inland pattern and five species are distributed both on the coast and in the inland, in the disperse pattern. We identified 260 critical areas using all species data. Amongst the identified KBAs, 72% are not within the SNUC. Overlap of the KBAs with the MMA´s Priority Areas for Conservation has shown 46% of major importance outside of this program. As much as 69 ACBs are eligible using the Ramsar Convention criteria, while 65 can be pinpointed using the WHSRN program criteria. As conclusions, it is necessary to improve the knowledge on biological processes envolving the maintainance the life cycle on the course of their annual migrations. Also the moult, body mass, sex ratio and age of migrant populations are aspects still insufficiently known for these species, either in Brazil or even in South America. There is an urgent research need of population estimates and trends, as many of these species have declining populations on global scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade beta entre taxocenoses de serpentes na margem direita do rio Amazonas, enfocando a história natural das serpentes do Parque Nacional (PARNA) da Amazônia, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FROTA, Jossehan Galúcio da; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade da quiropterofauna (Mammalia) no Parque Ecológico de Gunma, Santa Bárbara do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FONSECA, Rodrigo Teixeira D'Alincourt; AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Implementing Conservation Units provides tools to prevent loss of biodiversity in areas under the influence of large urban towns. To monitor certain zoological groups in such Units may contribute to promote successful local conservation programs. The “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” (PEG, Gunma Ecological Park), a property with 540 ha administered by the “Associação Gunma Kenjin-Kai do Norte do Brasil”, preserves a forest remnant inside the city of Santa Bárbara do Pará, region of “Great Belém”, Pará State, Brazil. The Park is predominantly composed by “Terra Firme” (upland forest) and “Igapó” (seasonally flooded forests near streams and the main river) plant physiognomies. The present study aims to provide a taxonomic and ecological profile about the bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) occurring in the Park and its adjacencies. The quantitative analysis included measures of capture efforts, species richness and diversity, as well as an evaluation of community structures by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) in order to compare the two main physiognomies, and also two selected areas of “Terra Firme”. Thirty-seven species of bats, belonging to five families, were collected in the studied area during six campaigns from July to December 2005, although the cumulative species curves have not been asymptotic in any case. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (1-D) diversity indexes were of 1.86 and 0.69, respectively. The phyllostomid Carollia perspicillata exhibited the highest relative abundance of all species, comprising about 50% of the captures, but in a distinct way between plant physiognomies, since that rate was of 59% for “Terra Firme” and of 32% for “Igapó”. The finding of Neonycteris pusilla represents the second occurrence of this taxon recorded in the Pará State. Diversity estimates were higher for the Igapó (H’ = 1.91; [1- D] = 0.80) than for the “Terra Firme” (H’ = 1.71; [1-D] = 0.63), despite the small extension of the former environment (3.3% of the PEG area) and the higher species richness of the later environment. This profile may reflect the fact that almost the totality of bat captures in the studied region occurred during the driest months of the year, so that there would be preference of the species for places with greater water availability. Thus, it seems imperative to complement the inventory through samplings during the wet season, in order to formulate an accurate description of the PEG bat fauna. As already expected, a comparison between two “Terra Firme” areas subjected to distinct degradation pressures indicated greater bat fauna diversity in the less disturbed area. The importance of the PEG as a Conservation Unity may be attested by the local presence of vulnerable and near threatened species like N. pusilla and Tonatia carrikeri. Threats of anthropic interference on local ecosystems were detected mainly due to the proximity of the Park to rural-urban areas. Monitoring the species richness and ecological dynamics of bat fauna in the “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” can prevent local extinction of rare taxa, as well as avoid proliferation of those that are potentially harmful to human health in certain situations - as is the case of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a potential reservoir of rabies vírus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversificação morfológica e molecular em lagartos Dactyloidae sul-americanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) D’ANGIOLELLA, Annelise Batista; CARNAVAL, Ana Carolina de Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1268469210243345; PIRES, Tereza Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia alimentar de Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840) (Primates, Cebidae) em florestas de várzea da Amazônia central brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-12) ARAUJO, Michele; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de cuxiús (Chiropotes Satanas) na Amazônia oriental: perspectivas para a conservação de populações fragmentadas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-04) SANTOS, Ricardo Rodrigues dos; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Found throughout much of Brazilian Amazonia, the bearded sakis (Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas) are primates specialised for seed predation. In order to delineate activity patterns and the exploitation of dietary resources, two social groups (10 and B4) of C. satanas were monitored between July and November, 2001, at the reservoir of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station in the state of Pará. Group 1G (C.s. utahicki), with 24 members, occupies an island of 100 ha, whereas group B4 (C. s. satanas), with 27 members, inhabits an area of continuous forest, both protected by Eletronorte S.A. Quantitative behavioural data were collected in scan samples, with a 5 min interval, collected continuously during five days per month. Complementary observations were recorded in ad libitum fashion throughout the study period, which started in April. A total of 5490 reords were collected for group 1G (only the feeding behaviour of group B4 was analysed here), distributed between feeding (58,8%), locomotion (30,8%), rest (9,5%) and other activities (0,9%). These proportions varied considerably between months. One hundred and ten plant species were exploited by the sakis. As expected, seeds were the main dietary item in both cases (group 1G: 75,6%, n = 2721 records; group B4: 49,6%, n = 1865). Remaining dietary items included flowers, fruit, leaf shoots and the mesocarp of palm fruits, although insectivory was not observed. Similar variation in the consumption of different items was observed in the two groups between September and November. Taxonomic diversity of the diet of group 1G was greater than that of B4, as was its home range (100 vs. 57 ha). No systematic variation was found in foraging party size. The results of the study indicate that the remnant populations of bearded sakis in the region's fragmented landscape have good long-term potential for conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de dois grupos de sagüis-brancos, mico argentatus (Linnaeus 1771) em um fragmento florestal natural, Santarém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) CORRÊA, Honorly Kátia Mestre; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
This monograph presents the results of a long-term study of the behaviour and ecology of two free-ranging groups of Mico argentatus in a natural fragment of forest isolated within a matrix of savanna vegetation in the region of Alter do Chão, in central Amazonia. The groups, denominated Cm1 and Cm2, were habituated and then monitored during 12 months in 2000 and four months in 2001 (Cm1), and seven and three months, respectively, in the two years (Cm2). Analyses of temporal variation were based on three distinct seasons (early wet, late wet, and dry seasons) of 2000, and the longitudinal comparison of July and September in 2000 and 2001. Relationships between ecological variables (abundance of principal resources: fruit and insects) and the ecological and behavioural characteristics of the group were evaluated. The two groups presented distinct composition and sizes, varying from 4-8 and 8-11 members in Cm1 and Cm2, respectively. Quantitative data were collected using scan sampling, with a scan of one minute duration conducted at five-minute intervals throughout the daily activity period of the group. The results show that both groups dedicate more than half their time to foraging and feeding. Diet was composed of fruit, nectar, gum, and animal prey (invertebrates – primarily orthopterans, formicids, and coleopterans – as well as lizards and amphibians). In 2000, groups Cm1 and Cm2 occupied home ranges of 11.5 ha and 14.6 ha, respectively. The seasonal analysis showed a similarity between groups in the systematic allocation of increasing time to foraging and feeding as non-gum resources became scarcer. In addition to a 30% decline in precipitation between years, the longitudinal analysis revealed considerable changes in the composition and spatial distribution of the study groups. These changes appear to have had the main influence on behaviour patterns, resulting in contrasting trends in the two groups. Overall, despite important similarities, the marked differences in many aspects of the ecology of two groups occupying the same fragment constituted one of the principal results of the study, in addition to the considerably variation among seasons and between years. The behavioural strategies records in the study appear to reflect not only the typical variability and flexibility of the callitrichids, but also the ecological conditions imposed by the fluctuations in the availability of resources within a fragment of reduced size.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de lagos da planície inundada do baixo Tapajós: diversidade, estrutura de comunidade de peixes e percepções socieconômicas dos moradores de Alter do Chão, Santarém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-10-07) COSTA, Luiz Rodolfo Ferreira da; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito das clareiras de ação petrolífera sobre a composição de Drosophilidae (Diptera) na Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari-Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-27) FURTADO, Ivaneide da Silva; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
Drosophilidae are ecosystem condition indicators in relation to the effects of deforestation in tropical rainforest, and are a tool for designing conservation strategies in large biomes. A study in the Urucu oilfields (State of Amazonas, Brazil), was conducted seeking to compare richness and diversity of drosophilidae in artificial clearings (oilfields), natural clearings and continuous forest. Three excursions took place between 2003 and 2005. Fermented banana traps were used in 33 sites: 11 natural clearings, 16 artificial clearings and six continuous forest transects. We also, tested in the field the ability of nine species to develop is these three habitats. We captured 7,652 insects, 4,354 of which belonging to the Order Diptera (56,90%), distributed among 24 species of Drosophilidae, of two subgenus, Sophophora and Drosophila. Species distribution varied among habitats. 60,54% of the drosophilidae were of the willistoni subgroup, heavily concentrated in primary forest (79,09%). The second largest subgroup was ananassae (10,40% of total drosophilidae), in higher concentrations in oilfields (35,36%). The species accumulation curves, with 227 samples did not approached asymptotes; the estimates varied between 24 and 34 species. Jaccard coefficient similarity analysis shows 55% likeness between natural clearing and oilfield habitats, while in Morisita it measured 98,1% between primary forest and natural clearings. D. malerkotliana was the only specie of the ananassae subgroup that appeared in all habitats, with significant variations (ANOVA, p=0.001). Willistoni subgroup species appeared less frequently, only in forest areas, regardless of the original location of parental xv flies. These results show the effectiveness of the methods used and the need to increase the sampling effort to estimate the actual diversity of fruit Drosophilidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do sexo, dieta e tamanho de sementes sobre o tempo de retenção em Guariba preto cativo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-30) SANTOS NETO, Raymundo Tomaz Melo dos; MUNIZ, José Augusto Pereira Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4993290160435067; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The effectiveness of a seed disperser depends on the time in which the seeds are retained in their digestive tract and involves several factors such as characteristics of the animals (physiology, morphology, health, age, sex, diet, body mass) and characteristics of the seeds (size , weight and rigidity). These are still largely unknown parameters for A. caraya. In this study we tested the influence of sex, diet, and seed size on the seed retention time (RT) in the digestive tract of howler monkeys using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated-measurements. We used six captive individuals of Alouatta caraya (three of each sex), six seed species (two small, two medium, and two large), and three types of diet (composed of 15, 30, and 60% of leaves). The General Retention Time Mean (RTM) was 1.152 ± 639 min (range: 315-2.050 min) and the General Standard Deviation of the Retention Time (SDRT) was 577 ± 166 (range: 158-1.039 min). Significant influence was observed between the type of diet and the interaction between seed size and diet on RTM. RT was higher for diets comprised of 30% leaf and this effect varied for males and females dependent on seed size, which indicates that diet is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the species as a seed disperser.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do uso do hábitat sobre a comunidade de Gerromorpha (Heteroptera) em uma área de transição Amazônia-cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) WANZELER, Elaine Cristina de Miranda; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera) belong to three different monophyletic infra-orders: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha and Leptopodomorpha. In Brazil only a few studies on these groups have been carried out, mostly in the state of Minas Gerais. This study aimed to determine land use intensity effect over the aquatic Heteroptera-Gerromorpha community. The study was carried out at Tanguro farm, state of Mato Grosso, in a area of transition between cerrado and tropical rain forest. Samples were collected on May and July in 2006 and 2007 in six streams within three different environments: soybean plantation, pasture and forest. Five families, 19 genera, 36 species and 13 morphospecies of Gerromorpha were collected. Species accumulation curves for each environment did not reach an asymptote, though they showed a clear tendency to stabilization. Therefore, increasing the number of samples probably will set the real species number close to the observed for the whole study area. Although vegetation coverage was significantly different among the three environments (ANOVA, F2,45= 23,72; P < 0,001), the habitat type did not influence the number of Gerromorpha species (ANOVA F3,44= 0,77; P = 0,52). In addition, the two axis of a MDS analysis based on species composition did not discriminate the habitats. On the other hand, the abundance of seven species was significantly different among habitats. Analysis of the abundance matrix shown (axis 1- MANOVA; F2,45 = 16,27; P < 0,001 and axis 2- MANOVA; F2,45 = 6,31; P = 0,004) segregated forest species. The three habitats shared 57,14% of the species collected. The considerable decrease in number of specimens from the forest to the pasture may be related to the lost of vegetation coverage in disturbed areas. The species Brachymetra lata, Brachymetra sp. 1, Cylindrostethus palmaris, Tachygerris celocis, Rhagovelia paulana, Rhagovelia whitei and Neogerris lubricus could be considered indicator species based on significant differences in abundance between disturbed and undisturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos ecológicos e evolutivos nos padrões de diversidade de aves na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-20) ALMEIDA, Sara Miranda; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Studies covering phylogenetic and functional diversity have been increasingly used to explain patterns of species diversity and organization of biological assemblages, constituting complementary tools to the traditional taxonomic approach (e.g. species richness). Biogeographical knowledge may also contribute to the understanding of these patterns, since the geographical distribution of different taxa depends on historical processes related to dispersion and speciation, in this manner influencing the formation of regional pools of species. In this thesis we evaluated the influence of historical processes and environmental factors on the diversity of Amazon bird assemblages. We compiled compositional data from 80 bird assemblages, 12 in savannas and 68 in terra firme forests, totaling 878 species. In Chapter 1 we evaluated the phylogenetic and functional diversity of passerine birds (Passeriformes order) considering two factors: the biogeographical history of each suborder (Passeri and Tyranni) and the habitat type (forest and savanna). We verified the importance of the different habitats for the maintenance of bird diversity since, although Amazonian savannas present low species richness when compared to forests, this habitat presents assemblages with unique combinations of ecological traits and specific lineages. We showed through the results found in this chapter that the greater functional diversity of Passeri assemblages in both habitats and the greater phylogenetic diversity of Tyranni in terra firme forests are related to the biogeographic history of each suborder and their adaptation to the habitat. In Chapter 2, we assessed the contribution of Amazonian biogeographic regions (a.k.a., endemism areas) and climatic variables to species composition and to the phylogenetic structure of canopy and forest understory bird assemblages. We hypothesized that differences in species composition are greater between interfluves for understory bird assemblages, which are composed of species with lower dispersion capacity, than for canopy birds. In this chapter, we found that the understory bird assemblages were more influenced by biogeographic barriers than canopy birds, corroborating our hypothesis. The climatic variables were important to explain the species diversity and phylogenetic structure of both groups. With the results generated in this thesis I concluded that the Amazonian bird diversity is result of processes related to biogeographic history, ecological traits of species, and environmental conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores determinantes para a abundância de espécies de mamíferos ameaçados em área de alta pressão antrópica na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-17) SANTOS, Juliana Januária Teixeira; WIIG, Oystein; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6664624762387564; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
On the latest 60 years the degradation and fragmentation of native habitats have been modifying the landscape in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The adaptive plasticity of an organism has been crucial for its long-term survival and success in these novel ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the response of four endangered species of large terrestrial mammals to the variations in the quality of their original habitats, in a context of high anthropogenic pressure. The distribution of the Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteater), Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Tapirus terrestris (Lowland tapir) and Tayassu pecari (White-lipped peccary) in all sampled habitats suggests their tolerance to degradation. However, the survival ability of each species in the different habitats was not the same. Among the four species, T. pecari seems to be the one with the least ability to survive in more altered environments. The positive influence of the anthropogenically altered habitats on abundances of three of the four species studied, as observed at the regeneration areas, can be considered as a potential indication of the ecological trap phenomenon. This study reinforces the importance of the forest remnants for the survival of endangered mammal species, in regions of high anthropogenic pressure, as in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogeografia do lagarto Kentropyx calcarata Spix 1825 (Reptilia:Teiidae) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) CRONEMBERGER, Aurea Aguiar; WERNECK, Fernanda de Pinho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0507204139787803; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263