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Acidentes ofídicos ocorridos no município de Santarém (PA) no período de 2000-2009
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SINIMBÚ, Valter Pinheiro; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
It surveyed the epidemiological profile of snakebites and risk factors associated with its incidence among residents of the municipality of Santarém (PA) and occurred in the decade of 2000-2009. Approaches the study with a descriptive-analytical methodology, observational and retrospective, with the use of a properly coded database, provided by the National Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of the Ministry of Health. During the period, there were 2283 cases, accounting an annual incidence ranging between 70 to 105 cases / 100,000 population with a fatality rate of 0.66%. The accidents predominated in rural people (87%) in the months of Amazon rainy (January to June) in male patients (79%) aged 20-29 years. Almost all cases were treated at the emergency room of the county (88%) located in the urban area. Most patients (56%) came to the Health Unit 6 hours after the accident due to difficulties in access by geographic factors and river transport. Were classified as mild in severity (38%), moderate (55%) and severe (6%). Due to the frequency of species of snakes in the region, Bothrops accounted for the majority with 70.9%, followed by laquéticos accidents (11.3%) and more frequent in Amazonian forests, the crotalic (2.1%) and rare Micrurus (0.2%) and 15.3% in the species was not identified. In 91% of these patients the serum therapy was instituted. Unable to determine the occupancy of these patients, nor their level of education due to lack of completion of the case report forms. The lower limbs were the regions mostly affected (82%), which draws attention to the adoption of simple but effective preventive measures. Because of the high incidence of cases (the largest in Brazil), difficulties in patient access to prompt and effective care (increasing the morbidity and mortality), and little importance given by health professionals with regard to whether the information necessary for a better assessment and protection of the residents of this region, concludes that these accidents, although endemic in much of the world, particularly the tropics, remains, according to WHO definition, a problem neglected (by patients, professionals and society). There is need for more research, more ads and more awareness.
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Adenopatia cervical tuberculosa em crianças: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1998-03-22) FIGUEIREDO, Erika Maria Riebisch de; AYRES, Manuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649810738276000
Tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem, and in Brazil, the principal agent for this disease is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In infancy, among extrapulmonary forms, one of the most frequent and less studied is that involves the superficial lymph nodes. In order to determine the incidence and to know the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of lymph nodes tuberculosis, between January, 1995 to December, 1996, in the attendance outpatient unit of Hospital Ofir Loiola, it was enrolled 73 children from both sexes, aged 0 to 14 years, with enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes. The samplewas divided in 2 groups: in the first group, it was located 61 patients with adenopathy from etiologies other than tuberculosis, while 12 patients with cervical tuberculosis adenopathy took part in the second group. In this study, concerning tuberculosis adenopathy, for one hundred thousand in habitants,in the metropolitan area of Belem, it was observed an year rate incidence of 1.03 . Regarding adenopathy from other etiologies, the incidence was 4.27 and 6.15, in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The great majority of childhood adenopathy (64.4%) was nonspecific, although, when it was considered just those of known etiology, the relative risk of being tuberculosis was1.17. In both groups, the greatest incidence of cervical adenopathy was observed among preschool male children. However, when it was made a comparative analysis between the groups, there were no statistic significative differences toward age, sex, nutritional status, clinical symptom onset, type and characteristics of the affected lymph nodes. Disturbance in the nutritional status may have played a role to enhance the morbidity in 41.7% of the tuberculosis cases. The evidence of a cervical mass was the main symptom in the 2 studied groups, though, 75.1% of children with lymph node tuberculosis also had a general involvement of other lymph nodes chains. All children with cervical lymph node enlargement, which proved later to be of tuberculosis etiology had at least one month of illness course, and in such circumstances, a cold abscess represented the main symptom in 25% of them. It was possible to identify the sourceof infection in 1/3 of patients. Among children with tuberculosis, 63.6% had a positive tuberculin skin test, with a reaction 210 mm. Considering all bacteriologic procedures performed, culture turned to be the main element to tuberculosis diagnosis, with 100% positive results; while baciloscopy had little importance. Histopatologic exams showed granulomatosis lesions suggesting tuberculosis, in 88.9% of the sample. Concomitant pulmonary involvement was observed in 27.3% of children with lymph node tuberculosis. A good therapeutic response was seen using the pattern scheme adopted by Health Ministery, with out adverse reactions.
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Adesão ao tratamento da malária vivax em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-01) SANTOS, José Alberto Gomes dos; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
Malaria is an infectious disease endemic in 104 countries and vivax malaria accept responsibility for 25 to 40% of the global burden of disease worldwide. The South America has high transmission rates shown by the annual parasite incidence (API) greater than 1% of the population. In recent years it has been observed in Brazil the prevalence of infection with P. vivax. The treatment protocol isased on the combination of chloroquine and primaquine, however, treatment failures have been reported worldwide including in Brazil with adherence as one of the causes. Several factors can interfere in the adherence between them: education, sex, absence of signs and symptoms and socioeconomic profile. This study evaluated the adherence to malaria treatment from determining the profile demographic partner of children with vivax malaria in Anajás and determined the plasma concentrations of chloroquine and primaquine of the study patients. For the profile of the participants was used questionnaire was complete source of information. To measure adherence to treatment was used indirect test Morisky-Green assessing the patient's attitude towards treatment. The plasma concentration of primaquine and its metabolite was made by collecting paper filter venous blood on day D1 and D7 and determined HPLC. The profile of patients showed that most of the children were male, with the primary caregiver mother, education and income were considered low, despite the distribution the use of mosquito nets it is irregular, 92.4% of households have no sewage system, and 33.3% use water from the river for consumption .The indirect test Morisky- Green classified 42 children as adherent and 08 as no adherent The plasma concentration of PQ in D7 adherent and no adherent were related and showed no significant difference, since the CPQ concentrations in D7 Adherent showed statistically significant result, with higher values in adherent patients.
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Água e saúde no município de Igarapé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SOUSA, Rafaela Sales de; FELIZZOLA, Juliana Feitosa; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MENEZES, Luciana Gonçalves Creão de
This article aims to analyze and understand the relationship between water and health in rural communities located in the watershed of Cumaru stream, in the municipality Igarapé-Açu, Northeast of Pará state. The harvesting and treatment of the water conducted by the rural population for human consumption were assessed, considering their practices of sanitary sewer, since these aspects have direct impact on their health. This study is based on field research with a quantitative approach. Closed questionnaire was used to raise the sources of water harvesting, rural sanitation, and use of agricultural inputs. We used participant observation, when focusing on the functioning of the agricultural establishment, to observe from various angles the relationship between water and health. We noted that the vulnerability of the water resources accessed by the population is a factor that contributes to the contamination of the sources, therefore a threat to the health of the rural population. However, the perception of the population is notable regarding deeper water sources, such as tube wells, which are priorities for water harvesting.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações clínicas e metabólicas em portadores de hanseníase multibacilares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-30) CALIXTO, Sheyla Cristina de Souza; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is characterized by dermato-neurological damage, ranging in spectrum between two stable poles (tuberculoid and lepromatous), with unstable intermediate forms. An operational classification with treatment purposes, join patients in two groups: the paucibacillary (PB), which represents clinical forms that have 1-5 injuries and smear-negative; the multibacillary (MB) corresponding to clinical forms of 5 or more lesions and with or without positive smear. Although to be treatable, leprosy still represents an important public health problem. Its major morbidity is associated with the reaction state and neural damage that can cause physical disabilities and permanent deformity, compromising significantly the patients quality of life. Clinical consequences with regard to ophthalmology, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases may come from the pathogenesis of both infection and immunopathological process, as by the adverse drug reactions, so such events must to be clarified in order that the health planning can minimize such injuries. An early diagnosis enables an early and effective treatment intending to avoid important clinical changes and sequelae. It was conducted a descriptive study of the kind of serial cases of 68 patients with high treatment of leprosy longer than or equal to 2 years and treatment of reactional states, aiming to describe the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects in multibacillary patients after discharge with a focus on hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis diagnosis and discuss about the possible relationships with the treatment of reactional leprosy episodes. We observed that most patients were male, aged over 45, comes from Belém, low education and low family income, the prevalent type of leprosy was the virchowian, the reverse reaction was the most prevalent state reaction , corticosteroids have been the most used drug for treatment in reactional states, patients who did not use corticosteroids had a greater percentage of normal densitometry, the co-morbidities: diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis were more frequent in patients who used corticosteroids and age over 45 years . The level 2 was the most prevalent degree of disability.
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Análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes hansenianos: análise linear, simbólica e de complexidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) SANTOS, Marcio Clementino de Souza; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with multibacillary leprosy clinic history, from dynamic linear and nonlinear analysis. Materials and methods: this is an experimental not randomized, quantitative study with 42 volunteers of both genres, divided into 2 groups of 21. The first group (LG), with 21 leprosy patients, aged 39.14 ±10.58 years, and the second group (CG), with 21 healthy subjects aged 36.24 ± 12.64 years. HR capture was performed by a heart monitor Polar RS800 CX, for a period of 15 min in the supine and 15 min in a sitting position. Analysis of HRV was performed by frequency domain from high frequency spectral indices (HFun), low frequency (LFun) in standard units and reason BF/AF. The nonlinear analysis of HRV was calculated by symbolic analysis (0V indexes%, 1V%, wholesale% and 2ULV%) shannon entropy (SE) and normalized complexity index (NCI). Results: In the spectral analysis of HRV LG presented higher values (p<0.05) of LFun and smaller values (p<0.05) of HFun compared to CG, on bench press position. Both groups showed higher values (p<0.05) of HFun and smaller values (p<0.05) of LFun in supine position in relation to a sitting position. There was no change of reason LF/HF in the comparison between groups and between positions evaluated. Symbolic analysis LG presented higher values (p<0.05) of 0V index% and smaller values (p<0.05) of the 2LV% and 2ULV% index in relation to the CG, in both positions evaluated. The index 1V% was higher (p<0.05) in the LG in relation to the CG just comparing to a sitting position. The CG presented minors values (p<0.05) of 0V index% and higher values (p<0.05) 2ULV% index supine position in relation to a sitting position. The LG presented higher values (p<0.05) 2ULV% index supine position in relation to a sitting position. On the complexity analysis LG presented minors values (p<0.05) of SE and ICN with respect to CG, on bench press position. There were no differences between the groups in SE and NCI analyzed in a sitting position. The CG presented higher values (p<0.05) of ES and ICN on bench press position in relation to a sitting position. Conclusion: The LG present greater sympathetic modulation and less vagal modulation in relation to the CG, indicating less HRV and cardiac modulation with low complexity. In response to postural change, both groups showed increased vagal modulation on position supine, evidencing greater HRV in this condition. Analysis of HRV by linear and non-linear dynamics proved to be a sensitive method and promising for investigation of autonomic dysfunction in patients with multibacillary leprosy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de série temporal da hanseníase no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) PINHEIRO, Helder Henrique Costa; ARAÚJO, Marizeli Viana de Aragão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7849256617873180; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3350166863853054
Objective: Analysing a time series of new cases detected of Leprosy in the State of Pará, checking epidemiological trends according to the observated variables of the disease. Methods: Ecological observational design of detection historical series of Leprosy cases with use of secondary data from the National Notifiable Diseases System. The detection rates and the general variables in studies and estimated the trends of the time series were calculated. The State of Pará data were compared to the States of Mato Grosso State and Rio Grande do Sul. Results: The detection rate in Pará in 2014 was 4,84 per 10.000 inhabitants, with 32.177 cases detected in the period 2008-2014, estimating a trend annual growth rate of -12.71%. The proportion of children under 15 years of age was 10.4%, the largest in Brazil. Higher frequency of MB cases (65,2%) and Borderline clinical form (45,2%) was deteceted. Conclusion: The detection of new cases of leprosy is mainly in adult men, poorly educated and living in urban areas. The downward trend in case detection of the disease is different from stationary trend in the State of Mato Grosso. However, the trend of leprosy cases in children and adolescents in the State of Pará is stationary.
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Análise do dano neural em pacientes hansenianos e na coinfecção HIV/ Hanseníase através de duas coortes clínicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BATISTA, Keila de Nazaré Madureira; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
In Brazil where leprosy is endemic and where HIV infection continues to expand and internalizing, if expected to find an increased prevalence of individuals living with both leprosy and HIV / AIDS, but there are few reports on the neurological damage that can cause overlapping. The aim of this study was to investigate nerve damage in leprosy leprosy patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus, compared with leprosy coinfected not at the beginning of treatment and at discharge, through two clinical cohorts. The sample consisted of 99 patients of whom 46 had coinfection MH / HIV and only 53 leprosy, these patients were seen at the outpatient clinic of the Center for Tropical Medicine and evaluated by the Simplified Technique. As a result there was a predominance of males, aged between 15 and 45 and the origin of the Metropolitan Region of Belém In group coinfection MH / HIV were prevalent in these paucibacillary patients and the presence of neuritis , abnormal sensitivity , motor abnormalities, presence of disability and neural damage was higher in this group than in the MH. In group predominated MH multibacillary patients and the presence of these neuritis, abnormal sensitivity, motor abnormalities, presence of disability and nerve damage was higher in this group than in coinfected MH / HIV. Monitoring of patients coinfected MH / HIV there was a small reduction in the presence of failure and nerve damage while in the MH group monitoring the presence of disability remained increased and nerve damage. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was found that in patients MH was maintaining the chance of the patient remains without nerve damage, while in the coinfected patients group, was observed a reduction in the chance of the patient to keep without nerve damage the end of treatment. Thus it is concluded that the neural damage behaves differently in the two groups manner, predominantly in the paucibacillary group coinfected patients coinfected and not in multibacillary patients, but with the same gravity, which is troubling since diagnosing this damage at the beginning of the appearance of leprosy is still a problem for public health.
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Análise estratégica do processo de formulação da PM&A-SUS: lições aprendidas e desafios
(Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde, 2017-03) CAMPELO, Luiz Marques; SANTOS, Elizabeth Moreira dos; OLIVEIRA, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de
This article presents the Strategic Analysis (AE) of the formulation process of SUS National Policy on Monitoring and Evaluation (PNM&A-SUS). The study employed a qualitative document analysis and literature review, accounting for the three dimensions of AE: relevance of the problem (needed institutional policy); proposed objectives and mobilized partnerships. The analysis showed a discontinuous formulation process with relevant controversies regarding evaluation purposes, assumptions, responsibilities and expected competencies among stakeholders. The interrupted formulation process needs to be recommenced, as for the lessons learned and the realistic context assessment.
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Análise higiênico-sanitária da carne do caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus) beneficiada em dois municípios litorâneos do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) CÉSAR, Kátia Lamarão Vieira; REZENDE, Manoel Barbosa de
Among the products of animal origin, the crab is held as one of the victuals more susceptible to the deterioration process due to is specific chemical composition, activities of autoliticas enzyme and to the close pH of the neutrality. Beyond of those intrinsic factors related to the crustacean, the process of extraction of its meats is accomplished, in the great majority of the times, in unsatisfactory hygienic-sanitary condition, causing, like this, a high text of contamination of these. With the objective of analyzing the microbiologic, microscopic and parasitical quality of the crabmeat traded in two municipal districts of Pani (Sao Caetano de Odivelas and Braganya), 30 samples were researched, acquired from the meat collectors, in its points of collection. In the microbiologic analysis, presence was observed, in high levels, of fecal coliforms and S. aureus, in both municipal districts, however Salmonella (s. panama: sorogrupo D) was only detected in Braganya/Vila de Caratateua. It is stood out that, great part of collection points presented their samples out of the effective legal patterns in the current Brazilian legislation. The microscopic analysis revealed constant dirt presence (fragments and stick chips, seed, fibber and chips of vegetable origin, for the human, excrement and insect larva). However, the parasitical analysis was negative for the detection of cysts of protozoarius (E. histolytica/E. dispar and G. lamblia). The results reveal the precariousness of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the researched samples, indicating this way the need of being created, on the part of the competent authorities, a registration of the Ministerio da Agricultura e Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado, so that the manufacturing and the commercialization of this product are made in agreement with Brazilian and state sanitary rules.
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Análise sobre a formação profissional e experiência dos médicos cooperados do programa mais médicos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-03) TAVARES, Roseane Bittencourt; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821
The More Doctors Program (Programa Mais Médicos-PMM) was established in 2013 because of social pressures, from the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde-SUS) and population in general. One of its aims is to ensure the provision of medical professionals to work in Primary Healthcare (Atenção Básica-AB) in difficult access areas, due to the insufficiency of these professionals in the SUS. However, on the first calls for participation, Brazilian doctors boycotted the Program. One of the solutions for its implementation was to sign a cooperation agreement between Brazil and Cuba through the Pan American Health Organization. Thus, thousands of Cuban doctors came to Brazil to work on the PMM. However, these professionals’ arrival was widely criticized by medical associations, which affirmed that they didn’t have the necessary training to practice medicine in Brazil. That said, the objective of this study is to analyze the professional training and previous experience of the cooperated physicians participating in the PMM. To do so, we shared data with the multicentric research “Analysis of the effectiveness of the More Doctors initiative in the realization of the universal right to health and in the consolidation of the Health Services Networks”, coordinated by the University of Brasilia. Data was collected using interviews with the cooperative doctors in every regions of the country. We carried out the interviews content analysis and, in addition, we compared the curricula of Cuban and Brazilian medical schools, observing their similarities and differences. Two articles were written from this research. The first article was published in Revista Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação (vol.21, Supplement I, issue 63, 2017, pp. 1257-1268) and is about how the participants understand and are involved in BA in the country. The second article was submitted to the special edition of the Revista Pan-americana de Salud Pública, which theme is “Primary Health Care in the Americas: Forty Years of Alma-Ata”, and its focus is on the qualification of the foreign physicians working in Para. As a result, we observed that Cuban doctors have adequate training in medical practice, once Cuba's medical curricula are, in general, similar to those of Brazil, they all have some postgraduate degree, and in addition they have medical experiences in other countries, due to the internationalist premise of their medical schools. Thus, there is no reason to criticize the training of these professionals, who come from a country recognized for its public health and the way they practice medicine. It is concluded that it is necessary to recognize their technical competence and learn from their humanitarian practice, which has been applied not only to the Cuban population, but also to populations from everywhere in the world where they are needed.
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Anemia, parasitismo intestinal e exposição mercurial em duas comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003) OIKAWA, Teiichi; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
The incidence of anemia, intestinal parasitism and mercurial exposure prevalence in two Amazon riverside communities, São Luiz of Tapajós (Tapajós River) and Igarapé-Mirim (Tocantins River), where social-economics standards are similar. Eighty hair simples, blood and stool were analyzed. The results demonstrated incidence of intestinal parasitism of 42.5% in São Luiz of Tapajós and 75,15% in Igarapé-Mirim. The hematimetrics indexes indicated incidence of anemia of 40% in São Luiz do Tapajós and 25% in Igarapé-Mirim. The medium total mercury concentrations in hair samples of the residents in São Luiz of Tapajós were 14.9 ± 6.6 µg/g in male individuals and 13,4 ± 3,4 µg/g in the females sex, while in Igarapé-Mirim they were of 2,5 ± 1,4 µg/g in the male probant and 3,5 ± 1,6 µg/g in the female one. It was observed in São Luiz do Tapajós, 82,5% of concentrations of total mercury are above the 10 µg/g, value of reference for population no exposed, while in Igarapé-Mirim, any values above these were fround values. It can be concluded that the quality of life of the riverine people analyzed is committed by the appraised factors, becoming necessary the adoption of preventive ways of educative actions in those communities by government authorities sponsor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação do modelo de acurácia em casos suspeitos de amebíase em uma comunidade rural do nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) REZENDE, Manoel Antônio Costa de; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Introduction: The studies on the prevalence of intestinal worms are scarce among us, most of them were performed in sample of populational basis not very well defined, like users of health service and public school students. Objective: Quantify the Entamoeba hystolitica prevalence in a rural population of Pará state. Methods: feces study using the ferric hematoxilina method in 124 people from the rural part of Tailândia, arbitrarily selected in order to establish prevalence and accuracy, the positive and negative predictive values, as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results: from the populational sample, 56,5% belonged to male sex, 60,5% out of these were ranging between 18 to 43 years old. In the scholarship study, 64,5% had at least 3 years of school and 63,7% earned less than R$300,00. The Entamoeba hystolitica prevalence reached 24,2%. Conclusion: the accuracy, which is the measurement of global value of the performed test, shows that 73,4% of the patients were correctly classified. The 70,0% sensitivity test defined positive for the infection and a specificity of 74,5%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos clínicos e a prevalência de doenças infecto-parasitárias juntamente com a exposição ao mercúrio metálico em duas comunidades garimpeiras na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) MIRANDA, Antonio Marcos Mota; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
The evaluation of the health conditions in two “goldwashers” communities in the Amazon region, goldmines of São Chico and Creporizinho, it was verified the prevalence of clinical and neurological symptoms and the parasitic occurrence of infectious illness, associate to the concentration of total mercury in the urine of the “goldwashers”. At the São Chico, 104 “goldwashers” were investigated, while as Creporizinho 169, it was used the socio economic, epidemiological and laboratorial condition as diagnostic methodologycal and it was used sentable statistical tests for significance verification. The results demonstrated that the average of the metal in “goldwashers” urine of Sao Chico is superior to those of Creporizinho 9.29 μg creatinina Hg/g and 5.64 μg creatinina Hg/g, respectively. Where the distribution of Hg in urine of the São Chico and of the Creporizinho population, below 93% - 96% of the IBMP and above 7%-4%, respectively. There is predominance of the masculine sex in both miners and the occurrence of STD’s in the two goldminers, whose sequence was identical, where the intestinal parasitism and malaria are themost prevalent, however both are below of the IBMP. The clinical evaluation of São Chico presents prevalence of to osteomuscular, dermatological and digestive 32%, 30% and 23% symptoms, respectively. While in the Creporizinho occurred change in the sequence to osteomuscular, digestive and dermatological 51%, 44% and 39%, respectively. Amongst the most prevalent neurological symptoms the tremors, parestesias and chronic headache were present in the group of São Chico and Creporizinho the following sequence, respectively, 38% - 58%, 32% - 53% and 28% - 48%. The health conditions are more precarious in São Chico miner, than Creporizinho however the “goldwashers” are occupationally injured in the two studied populations, nevertheless there are not safe parameters to affirm the presence of the chronic mercurial illness, taking into consideration the variable analyzed in this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos da infecção genital pelo Papilomavírus humano em gestantes do município de Imperatriz, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUSA, Graciene Pereira de; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
It is known that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely distributed in the population, and is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) more frequent worldwide. Its transmission occurs through sexual exposure in about 98% of cases and its positive peak is observed among women of reproductive age, especially in the first years of sexual activity. In general, the infection is limited by the action of the immune system, which eliminates the virus within 2 years. Changes that interfere with the action of the immune system can influence the course of HPV infection, such as people with AIDS. During pregnancy, physiological changes occur that alter the immune response to non-rejection of semi- allogeneic fetus. This could interfere with the evolution of HPV infection, but this is still controversial. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of HPV infection in pregnant women in the city of Imperatriz, MA and investigate possible associations between genital HPV infection and sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual, contraceptive and reproductive clinic - gynecological selected. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 168 pregnant women in the city of Empress-MA. The selected patients answered a questionnaire on socio demographic, behavioral and reproductive. Material was collected cervicovaginal cytology and conventional cervical brushed to detect HPV DNA by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association of HPV infection and selected risk factors was evaluated using the chi-square (x²) and/or Fisher exact test, all with an alpha level of 0.05. We studied 200 samples of cervical material was collected for Pap smear testing and identification of HPV DNA by PCR. The prevalence of genital HPV infection in pregnant women in the city of Empress was 17.6%, with the highest prevalence was in the age group between 18 to 25 years, which was 21.5%. Regarding marital status, note that unmarried pregnant women had a higher risk of acquiring HPV infection than married women (OR = 4.03, p = 0.0046). As for reproductive traits, there is the women who reported being primigravidae had higher prevalence of HPV infection, with 29%, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001), and 4 times more likely to acquire HPV infection than women who became pregnant two or more times. Interestingly, women who were taking the first PCCU on occasion, had a higher prevalence of HPV infection (25%) compared to those who had performed this test anteriormente.Os results showed a high prevalence of HPV in young pregnant women aged less than 25 years in primigravidae and among those who underwent PCCU first, so there is a need for measures to promote prevention and health of pregnant women with this specific target within the service routine Hospital. Thus, it is believed that such data can be very useful in planning programs, including the control of STDs, especially HPV.
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Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e moleculares do papilomavírus genital em adolescentes gestantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-14) CAVALCANTE, José Carlos Wilkens; FUZII, Hellen Thais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0026958665547973
Cervical cancer represents the third most common cancer in the world. Its etiologic agent is HPV. HPV is the most prevalent sexual transmissible disease in the world, affecting mostly young women. Adolescence is a time of behavioral, social and body changes, which reflects on the adolescent’s conscious awakening for sex, that can lead to contact with sexual transmissible diseases and early pregnancy. Being so, it is a time when the woman is more susceptible to infection, such as HPV. This project was dedicated to estimate the prevalence of HPV and to evaluate factors associated to this infection in pregnant adolescents in the Health Unique System, Pará State. It was a prospective transversal study including 257 pregnant women aging 12 to 19 attended at municipal (Curió and Tapanã) and state (Mother-child Reference Unit and Woman’s ambulatory of Holy House of Mercy of Pará Foundation Hospital) health units. The selected patients were submitted to a clinical-epidemiological questionnaire and to harvest of cervical-vaginal material for detection of DNA-HPV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association of HPV infection and risk factors was evaluated through chi-square test (χ2) and/or Fisher’s exact test, with an alpha significance level of 0,05. HPV prevalence was 38.1% (98/257), affecting preferentially pregnant adolescents on the third gestational trimester (44.4%; p = 0.0312), between 11 and 14 years-old, with less than 6 years of schooling and those who did not have a mate. The risk factors associated to HPV infection in the population, also varied according to the gestational trimester, were “two or more sexual partners in life”, “first pregnancy” and “genital problems”. These findings show the adolescents susceptibility to HPV infection and, consequently, to the development of pre-neoplastic and malignant lesions. Therefore, there is the need of educational public measures in health promotion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos de gênero e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS entre usuários de dois dos serviços de atendimento especializado em DST/AIDS de São Luís, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) MAFRA, Rogério Luís Pereira; PEREIRA, Ediléa Dutra; VARGA, István van Deursen; MAFRA, Welma Cristina Barbosa
We examine factors that contribute to the vulnerability of men and women living with HIV/AIDS, users of the Serviço de Atendimento Especializado em DST/AIDS (SAE), examining demographic and epidemiological differences as well as their reception and access to diagnosis and treatment. We conducted an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 248 individuals were interviewed between October and December of 2007. We applied the chi-square test and multivariate analysis by CHAID technique (significance level of 5%). We established a classification by sex. We felt that some elements of an individual, programmatic and social level, including gender, contributed significantly to the vulnerability of the respondents. We observed substantial differences between men and women, considering: employment and income, total partners and condom use. The manner of shelter and access to diagnosis and treatment in the SAE is presented as an element of increased vulnerability, for not promoting a comprehensive service to the users. We identified aspects of differential vulnerability of women in the group over the "condom use after diagnosis", associated with the type of partnership (steady or not) and "understanding of what it is been saidduring the consultations", which was directly related to service time at SAE. In this sense, a way to reduce vulnerability pervades the pursuit of gender equity, ethnicity, to improve the quality of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos epidemiológicos da exposição ao mercúrio na região do Tapajós, no período de 1994 a 2008
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FARRIPAS, Samara do Socorro Monteiro; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268
Exposure to mercury has been studied in areas under the influence of gold mining, however, in some aspects epidemiological studies are still lacking. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the intensity and prevalence of exposure to mercury in riverside communities in the Tapajós from 1994 to 2008. This study was conducted in two communities near the headwaters of the Tapajós river through the analysis of total mercury in hair sample measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in the Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Environmental of the Pará University Institute. The results indicated communities with a high frequency of women of reproductive age, the most people have a long local residence time and diet was characterized by high intake of fish meals. The time of exposure to mercury has been occurring for at least 14 years. Thee presented mercury levels that are hazards to health of mother-child group. There wasn´t difference in the exposure intensity between the two communities. The prevalence of exposure to mercury (Hg total people with levels> 10μg/g) was high in both communities that recorded levels exceeded 50%. There was no correlation between gold production and total Hg levels in hair samples. We concluded that levels of mercury exposure presented during the study period featuring a long-term exposure which are able to offer health risks, especially maternal-fetal; that the frequency increased ingestion of contaminated fish can contribute to the onset of damage by mercury. Toxicological and clinical monitoring of individuals exposed, as well as implementation of educational measures should be strengthened in order to prevent disease caused by mercury.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção pelo Papilomavírus humano em mulheres residentes às margens do rio Tocantins, na cidade de Imperatriz – MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUSA, Haigle Reckziegel de; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6353829454533268
The cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and has been associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) whose diagnosis of suspicion is done through the Pap test. In general, some factors are involved in this relationship, such as early onset of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, promiscuity, however, these factors are not well known in special groups of women, such as the riverside. This study aimed to understand the magnitude of the prevalence of human papillomavirus - HPV and associated risk factors among women living on the river Tocantins, in the municipality of Empress - MA. Participants 107 women enrolled in Basic Health Unit Riverside where they were subjected to a smear test by the Papanicolaou technique. Sociodemographic and epidemiological data related to HPV infection were obtained through the standard form of the Ministry of Health PPCCU Women Study participants averaged 36 years of age, and 88.8% non-white women, most with elementary school, and living with income in the range of 1 to 3 minimum wages (57.9%). Among the risk factors there was a mean age of 16.6 years at first intercourse, an average of 3.1 sexual partners in history, parity of 3 children, high smoking prevalence 24.2%, contraceptive use by 52, 3% of women and the frequent use of condoms by 62.6% of women. Conducting annual preventive examination of cervical cancer of 43.9%. However, there was no association of any of the risk factors studied with HPV infection. The study also revealed that women's knowledge about HPV was having incipient awareness that there was need for further clarification on prevention, health risks and treatment. We conclude that the activities of health education about HPV developed in the Public Health Services of Empress of Maranhão facing special groups, particularly those socially disadvantaged, are still insufficient to make an impact in reducing morbidity by cancer lap, and requires studies on strategies to approach these actions within the Programme for Prevention of Cervical Cancer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e evolutivos da tuberculose em idosos de um hospital universitário de Belém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) CHAVES, Emanuele Cordeiro; SANTOS, Maria Izabel Penha de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9592128667013030; CARNEIRO, Irna Carla do Rosário Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4389330944043163
Physiological changes, especially the immune, make the most vulnerable elderly to infections such as tuberculosis, a disease that this group is specific both in clinical presentation and in its therapeutic management. The objective was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tuberculosis in elderly patients at a university hospital in Belém - Para. It is a study of a retrospective cohort study, conducted at the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, where 82 records were analyzed of cases of tuberculosis in elderly patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013, and as a complementary way of obtaining information was obtained from the database of the National System for Notifiable Diseases of the State Department of Public Health. For statistical analysis we used the electronic program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, and applied the test G, assuming level α = 0,05 (5%) and value P≤0,05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Tropical Medicine Center under Opinion No. 1.081.347. Most elderly were male (n = 53; 64,6%), aged 60-69 years, both among men (n = 34; 64,2%) and among women (n =13; 44,8%), with a statistically significant difference (p=0,009), new cases of tuberculosis (n = 78; 95,1%), with pulmonary clinical form (n = 62; 75,6%), associated diseases (n = 57; 69,5%) and length of stay greater than 21 days (n = 38; 46,3%). Fever (n = 55; 67,1%), dyspnea (n =53; 64,6%), weight loss (n =50; 61,0%), productive cough (n = 49; 59,8%) and chest pain (n=42; 51,2%) were the primary signs and symptoms evidenced. Regarding treatment, there was a high percentage of adverse events (n=41; 50%), especially gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 29; 70,7%). Most seniors evolved with cure (n = 49; 59,8%), but emphasizes that death from tuberculosis was considerable in the study group (n=13; 15,9%), mainly occurring during hospitalization up 7 days. As for the exposure variables and outcome for healing and death from tuberculosis, there was a statistically significant difference in the age range of variables (p = 0,017), length of stay (p = 0,000) and adverse reactions (p = 0,018). We conclude that the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of tuberculosis in the elderly is different, so it is necessary to strengthen strategies that facilitate early identification of TB suspects elderly in the community, which should take place mainly through Primary.