Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::ANTROPOLOGIA::ANTROPOLOGIA RURAL"

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Aspectos evolucionários das unidades de produção camponesas do território Manaus e entorno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-04) SANTOS, Jessé Rodrigues dos; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
In this thesis, it is approached the processes of change and diversification of the peasants productive systems located in a part of the Territory of Manaus and surroundings. The objective of the research is the understanding of the processes of economic and technological change in course in these productive systems. The boarding of the subject is carried through a multi-disciplinary analytical structure to involving concept of the evolutionary economic theory, of the theory of the endogenous development, the economic anthropology and the theory of the peasant investment. The joined results disclose that the studied productive systems are diversified in relation to the territories where they occur. This diversification elapses in the way as the peasant producers adapt their productive systems modifying the labor routines that constitute them in function of the injunctions proceeding from the complex institutional environment and of the dynamics of the ecosystems. These adaptations are guided by the sociocultural characteristics inherent to the peasant families and motivated by the search of the reproductive efficiency. To the end, the data of the field research are processed through the Factorial Analysis, disclosing differentiations of trajectories of similar productive systems in distinct territories, as well as clusters that locate the peasant producers between situations of integration to the market and subsistence subsidized for social and social security benefits. These results evidence the complexity of the socioeconomia peasant and its diverse strategies of adaptive innovation.
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Caça e segurança alimentar em comunidades ribeirinhas do médio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-30) SOUSA, Girlian Silva de; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
Hunting is an extremely complex issue, due to the serious impact on the environment, but also because game meat is one of the main sources of animal protein for the traditional Amazonian people. This essay discusses subsistence hunting and the lack of access regarding river communities from the Reserva Extrativista do Rio Iriri to food security policies. It aims to discuss the socioeconomic contribution of subsistence hunting, and to bring evidences of the difficult situation in which these families live while trying to gain access to food products and public services in general. To achieve these goals, this paper embraces the theme from an economic and anthropological perspective, by using ethnographic resources to show evidences of the relations between man and environment, as well as the interaction between the economic sector and the other sectors in social life. For this discussion, the theoretical and methodological support from Maurice Godelier, Karl Polanyi, Pierre Bourdieu, Jorge Gasché Suess and Napoleón Vela Mendoza was used, as well as concepts of microeconomics.
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Cientistas, visitantes e guias nativos na construção das representações de ciência e paisagem na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) BEZERRA, Maria das Graças Ferraz; ANTONAZ, Diana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7547028254641362
Study analysis scientific knowledge production process in a traditional knowledge setting at Caxiuanã National Forest, in Melgaço, Pará, Amazon, Brazil, where the Goeldi Museum maintains a scientific basis open for Brazilian and International researchers. The focus is on the relationship between scientists and native field guides considering both the environment where they work and the given academic system.
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Comuns em cercamento: uma análise do protocolo comunitário do Bailique, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) MONTEIRO, Igor Alexandre Pinheiro; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
Community practices organizing and regulating the use and the settings of the commons are permeated by specific connections to land. Also, these practices are informed by ways of relating to nature which may constitute ways of resisting to the manner capital is organized and set up as well to the mercantilized relations that constitutes it. Frequently, such relations limit traditional communities actions amidst their self governance processes. We believe these limitations are enabled on the juridical, the physical (land) and the political, building upon in what we will call as enclosures. Such enclosures operate by destructuring complex social organizations and complex political dynamics of production and reproduction which shape community relations in practice - the very actions we consider as the Commons, as according to Dardot and Laval (2016). In order to observe the enclousre of the commons, this research will focus on the elaboration process of the Bailique Community Protocol, between 2016 and 2017. Based on it, we argue that enclosures may be happening over some communities, participants of the process carried on at the Bailique Archipelago, while they were builiding the community protocol to protect their knowledge, their territory so much so that to contribute with local development. The analysis of the changes provoked on the social organization and on the relation with the land departing from the community protocol helps us in understanding how the neoliberal rationality can limit the scope and the efficacy of juridical protections of communities as well as the physical spaces necessary for their social reproduction. This movement weaken communities' agency, opening space for the advancement of the mercantilization of nature. We approach this debate inspired by the reflections on the rationality of the commons and based on fieldwork lying on the activist research method that invokes the research should be politically aligned to the problems faced and pointed out as important by the very groups we work with.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Das águas do rio, as mulheres em movimento na defesa do Xingu: a resistência contra a construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte em Altamira - Oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06) PAIVA, Angela Maria Trindade; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
The complex issues surrounding the conflicts in the construction of hydroelectric dam involving, on the one hand, the Brazilian Electric Sector, and on the other, segments of society such as indigenous peoples, “traditional populations”, riverside living, fishermen and also the populations of urban areas, among others, have been recurrent in the last few decades. To some extent, we can indicate that such conflicts arise from different and contradictory ways in which these segments of society see, experience and use the nature and their environment. Motivated by the interest of deepening the analysis on these conflicts in the Amazon region, and expand my knowledge, sustained by the interpretative matrix of making and anthropological thinking, underpin the development of this work focusing on the dialogue with twelve women who acts as a group articulated in defense of the Xingu’s river and therefore against the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam, scheduled to be built in the western state of Para. To this group of "Women of the Xingu" the building of the hydroelectric dam will bring environmental and social impacts, that they understand as detrimental to the entire region, but especially for women who lives in that region. In this sense, we wish to understand the peculiarities that elapse from this way of seeing and the meaning of world which leads these women to do this reading and articulated political acts in defense of the nature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento da produção agrícola e intervenção social: estudo de caso em uma comunidade da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Mamirauá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-30) NASCIMENTO, Ana Claudeise Silva do; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; COSTA, Maria José Oliveira e Silva Jackson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4079845537461874
This work is the result of an ethnographic study in a small riverside community of the Amazon flooded area, emphasizing its particularities in relation to the use of natural resources. The subject of the analysis was a smallholder agricultural project, which was developed by implementing the results of scientific research on the participatory management of natural resources. Technicians from Mamirauá Institute and the peasants met periodically to evaluate the project’s processes and results. This study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture, enabling an interaction between processes of reflection and action. The main objective of this dissertation is to assess a situation of social intervention directed at the sustained management of agricultural produce in a protected area of flooded forest (Sustainable Development Reserve). This study has indicators which contribute to the understanding of the impacts of investments in agriculture in a small community called São Francisco do Aiucá, enabling interaction between intention/implementation based on the understanding of the results and the evaluation of the social intervention. Using some indicators, built through the use of participatory methodologies, it was possible to analyze changes in the economic activities of São Francisco do Aiucá, and other forms of natural resources use, identifying ways to both diversify the crops and undertake new alternatives for the commercialization of the produce.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento sustentável, organização e reorganização de trabalhadores rurais do alto rio Atuá na ilha de Marajó: exame de uma experiência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-02) FERRÃO, Euzalina da Silva; ANTONAZ, Diana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7547028254641362
This work aims analysing the ways by which sustainable development projects were introduced and implemented in the town of Muaná and in the High Atuá Region, in the Marajó Island, considering intervention of governmental and non-governmental organizations. Organization and reorganization processes of the rural workers at the High Atuá River in unions and associations are analysed, as well as the perception and strategy of those whom the projects are addressed to. The connection between such projects and recent forms of management such as Agenda 21, which is in process, is discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da paisagem: mudanças, percepções e dificuldades de recuperação na RDS Alcobaça, área de influência da UHE Tucuruí/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-08) PIRATOBA, Diana Nathaly Monroy; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The construction and operation of the Tucuruí dam caused negative landscape changes, which are accentuated by the installation of rural communities on the islands and on the lake‘s shores. The increasing reduction of forest vegetation, the biodiversity loss, the increase of socio-cultural conflicts and the landscape fragmentation detected in the dam influence area, prove that ecosystems and human population have not reached an equilibrium. With the creation of conservation units in 2002, environmental problems were expected to reduce in intensity and magnitude. However, the socio-environmental crisis remained unchanged. Given this scenario, the study seeks to understand if a) the perception of the landscape changes in the Alcobaça Sustainable Development Reserve – SDR – are similar according to the local knowledge and the scientific evidences; b) the use and management of natural resources by local dwellers influence the landscape transformations in the area; and finally c) ethnobotany in local communities presents potential for the management and control of ecosystem degradations. The methodological assumption implicates proper techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal – PRA –, supplemented with non-participatory techniques of vegetation cover interpretation. The selection of this study area is due to the fact that the Alcobaça SDR presents the most fragmented landscape and the largest population concentration in relation to other protection units. The oral memory of fishermen shows that the landscape changes are associated with natural resources management changes, encouraging the development of predation methods as a response to the current resources shortage. Although local communities express knowledge about damage on the ecosystems, Uncertainties linked to dwellers' land titles conflict with the management institutions of the SDR area and are often the justification of or even the motivation for a bad landscape management. Local knowledge on vegetation resources, though, does not solve the environmental crisis evidenced in the area, and is only a potential tool for the management of degraded areas. Biodiversity is locally known, not as a long list of species, but as a real knowledge built up and appropriated by local communities. It is materialized in dwellers' backyards, incipient agroforestry, and therefore appropriate for the control of the environmental degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Lamento e dor: uma análise sócio-antropológica do deslocamento compulsório provocado pela construção de barragens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; HÉBETTE, Jean; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2510506955292935; TEISSERENC, Pierre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9957120409952563
The central idea developed in this work is that the studies carried through on the compulsory displacement provoked by the construction of dams, although mentioning the social dimension of the social suffering, do not submit that dimension to analysis. And, therefore, go round or displace the subjective sense expressed in the sorrow and pain, which is constituent to this social process. Taking as principle that the analyzed facts are socially shared and constructed, therefore carrying senses more or less lasting or more or less perceptible anyhow, publicized - that, at times, interact under the form of conflict, it is my goal to perform an analysis of the way these senses conform to three distinct and linked social situations. On the first one, the public arena, I analyze the controversy about the main classification categories for the compulsory displacement process, its contexts and main agents, trying to evidence the rhetorical construction fundamentals, in a dispute to make prevail a determined politic and social evaluation of this process. In this analysis, I emphasize the content that stabilizes itself and the intervention of one agent -the World Bank- and its role in the conformation of an expertise on the subject. In the second social situation, the academic universe, I analyze the current state of studies on the compulsory displacement, locating the main theoretical axes, in order to highlight the relation between the disciplinary and interpretative fields, mostly the hegemony of disciplinary subjects, amongst which the analysis of the suffering is not included. On the other hand, I outline that, thanks to the rigor of these analyses (many of ethnographic background), it is possible to find reference to the social suffering lived by the groups submitted to the compulsory relocating process, allowing me to fundament the hypothesis resulting of my own investigation. In the third, I analyze the process of compulsory displacement, from a research carried in Tucuruí, Pará state, Brazil, presenting the senses of social suffering evocated by those who lived it, pointing out: a) the absence of parameters to evaluate the consequences of the process lived, not only because it is an unusual situation as because the undertaking itself unchains other local and regional transformations that are not given a priori; b) the incessant search of a way to replace a situation lost or desired, that can be seen in public forums (assemblies, meetings, encounters), considered here as "sorrow forums", because they are, concomitantly, a place of public claim and spaces of encounter with their own history and, consequently, spaces for reminding and stating losses; c) the irreversible character, that lines the construction of social suffering. Finally, I try to show the constraints, above all economical, that are verified in the passing from the suffering dimension to the public arena.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres migrantes na Transamazônica: construção da ocupação e do fazer política
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-23) SILVA, Maria Ivonete Coutinho da; ANTONAZ, Diana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7547028254641362
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nosso canto é aqui! Quilombolas de Santa Maria do Traquateua frente a interesses do poder privado em Jambuaçu/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-07) ALVES, Suely Rodrigues; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
We approach, in this study, part of the history of a rural black community called Santa Maria of Traquateua, in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, that by incorporating ethnic factors in the struggle for land, define themselves as remaining of quilombo. Having the Earth as a nucleating category, in which they practice the common use of the natural resources, we investigate the process of this community resistance against the conflicts with private power companies, especially monoculture form of palm oil and mining companies on its territory (which started since late of 70s). This study was developed, following the critical thinking, starting from the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and dialoguing with the concepts of traditional peoples, peasants and development. The methodology included a literature review, documentary consultation and field study followed by interviews. The analysis led us to conclude that, in spite of facing the changes and intervention of economic agents on their territory and even in front of expropriation process of their social reproduction conditions (whether territorial, socio-economical or cultural), the community rebuilds strategies to ensure their permanence in the place of ancestral occupation. Thus, in this sense, the resistance as a way of life is peasant and quilombola.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Publicidade e sustentabilidade: um diálogo possível?! Uma visão crítica do pensamento de publicitários pan-amazônidas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-19) SILVA, Márcio David Macedo da; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
The thesis comes to investigate the existent relationships between advertising and sustainability, from the verification of perception of advertisers from Pan-Amazon advertising agencies, measured by means of previously defined indicators. From the goal of identifying what are the levels of sustainable practices adopted by advertising agencies for the construction of a Sustainable Society, from the perspective of Pan-Amazonians advertisers, it sought to answer whether the advertiser dialogue and contribute to the change of the consumer society to another one, based on economic efficiency, social equity and ecological balance, testing three hypotheses: H1) The local, regional, national and global economic structures make it unfeasible for the advertising agencies to promote practices of a sustainable society; H2) The advertising agencies have no effective interest on practices for a sustainable society; H3) The advertising agencies have managed to change paradigms of their customers, to act in a more sustainable way. For obtaining the answers, it was adopted the quantitative research method, in the model of Survey and, alternatively, the qualitative research technique, in the model of in-depth interview. The results show that, in the vision of advertisers, the advertising agencies do not show great interest in moving to a more sustainable society, as well as the almost total absence of associative bounds reinforce the fragility of actions directed to the theme.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sob o fogo cruzado das campanhas: ambientalismo, comunicação e agricultura familiar na prevenção ao fogo acidental na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-05-31) COSTA, Luciana Miranda; NEPSTAD, Daniel Curtis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8308720697065728
This Doctorate research began in 2000 and its theme is the accidental fire in the Amazon forest and, in particular, in the state of Pará. The object of study are the educational and outreach campaigns to prevent the accidental fire, involving the production, circulation and reception of information. They were implemented by governmental and non-governmental organizations, especially from 1998 onwards. Four projects and their respective campaigns were chosen in order to compose the analysis corpus: the “Proteger”, the “PGAI Queimadas”, the project Bom Manejo do fogo and the project “Fogo Emergência Crônica”. The campaigns have very similar elements related to the theoretical and methodological aspects, regarding their public, their goals, the kind of material produced (such as primers and posters) and the involved geographical areas. This thesis aims to show how the relations of power among the social agents from environmental institutions and from small agricultural institutions were established. Besides, it intends to demonstrate the different strategies and tatics carried out by small farmers and their representative institutions (as Rural Workers Unions and associations) to rebuild campaign discourses and state their position in the symbolic fight. The main hypothesis of this research, which makes use of Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts, is that there is a “tension” between different point of view issues coming from environmental agents and institutions and the ones from agricultural family representation. So, the communication relations established by campaigns are relations of power that emphasize the “imbalance” between these two fields. The result is the temporary and partial reach of the main purposes of those campaigns; that are: reduction in the number of “accidental fire” occurrences, caused by agricultural fire and permanent use of prevention techniques by small farmers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Territorialidade e uso comum entre os quilombolas de Santa Rita da Barreira em contradição com “Políticas de Etnodesenvolvimento”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011 - 03) DINIZ, Raimundo Erundino Santos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The study on the process ethnohistory of family units who organized the settlement known as Old Barrier, located on the left bank of the river Guama, São Miguel do Guama led to explore the universe of social relations marked by strategies of permanence, symbolic constructions and practices collective dominance in territory with a predominance of the common use of natural resources. Currently, the village is recognized as quilombo Santa Rita Barrier having received from the collective title of ITERPA corresponding to an area of 371 hectares. The territoritalities constructed from social practices based on community organizing and political mobilization around common interests reinforce a sense of belonging and identity maroon. This organization of the group materializes face the adversities imposed by the dominant society that built them or invisibilized designs "primarily" on the group and their ways of life. After titration several public policies come to the Santa Rita Barrier through programs and projects that address as the "development", "social inclusion maroon communities." Legal instruments adopted from the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Constitution State of Pará (1998) and "Program Brazil Quilombo" and other initiatives to ensure the right territory and social assistance through the issue of public policies aiming to "ethno-development". The various operations in Santa Rita Barrier were made without taking into account the trajectory of the families in the territory, practical knowledge, the way of life, the symbolic constructions and arrangements for common use practiced in lands traditionally occupied. This implies mismatches in relation to legal decisions and the awareness of social needs of these agents in many situations (meetings, meeting with technicians, researchers) has been able to explain and defend. This study sought to analyze the importance of ethnohistory, territoriality and use practices common maroon Santa Rita Barrier and identify how this approach could help reflect ethno development programs and projects. The methodology was authoritative ethnography, ethnohistory, collection and analysis of narratives, photographs, completion of questionnaires, analysis of notarial documents, "participatory maps and literature. Data were bumped during field research carried out at intervals from June to November 2010.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vaqueiros, compadres, criadores de gado e transformações nos campos do Marajó: relações sociais em mudança
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-18) FERRÃO, Euzalina da Silva; MAUÉS, Maria Angélica Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7861116876230464; MAUÉS, Raymundo Heraldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0915136632611666
This thesis aims to analyse the wayof life of cowboys, cattleherders and godparents in anarea within Marajó Island with focus in the change of social relations of dwellers in the setting of the Atuá River, between Anabijú and São Miguel Rivers at the Muaná county. The chosen fenomena are seen in a long range perception about formative links of Marajó Island society as cattleherders from its beginnings of economic endeavors, also their proceedigins to build social groups in order to understand changing and unchanging features of cowboys, cattleherders and goodparent’s activities as main traits of their way of life. Communication means, mores and uses go together with a social context that reacts to the introduction of new tools and mass media from the realm of modern social life such as cattle certification, land demarcation, and a public environmental en surance for the interval of time when fishing is not permitted.