Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::ARQUEOLOGIA"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial dos sítios monumentais do leste da Amazônia ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-19) BARBOSA, Antonia Damasceno; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
This study aimed to analyze the geometric enclosures located in the eastern state of Acre, using geoprocessing tools and considering environmental and cultural factors that could have influenced the decisions of social groups on the location and morphology of these archaeological sites. The approach of landscape archaeology was used, as well as GIS as an analytical tool. From the survey data of 419 geometric enclosures in eastern Acre State, the research investigated cultural patterns related to the morphology and configuration, location and orientation of sites, using statistical and methods of spatial analysis. The study concluded that patterned building techniques were used in the construction of the enclosures and their location took into account the proximity of water sources, soil types and elevation. Morphological characteristics were associated with the size and location of sites. The survey also found that most of the enclosures was constructed to mark the winter or summer solstice. Considerations were also made on the state of conservation of sites and challenges to the management of this heritage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um buraco no meio da praça: múltiplas percepções sobre um sítio arqueológico em contexto urbano amazônico – o caso de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-16) FERNANDES, Glenda Consuelo Bittencourt; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211
This research considers the multiple meaning sassigned to the historical site “ Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Brancos”, located in the urban context of the city of Belém, Pará, in Amazon, specifically in the Carmo Square. The site was studied during an Urban Archaeology Project which aimed at presenting the structures of the Church to the public through an architectural strategy known as archaeological windows. From the perspective of Public Archaeology I discuss the meanings and uses of the site in the daily life of the local communities. The fieldwork was performed between 2012 and 2013 and during this time I have conducted an ethnographic research, carrying out interviews with residents, workers and other people that walk across the square every day. Finally, I discuss the historical context of the site, and present some reflections concerning the design of the cultural heritage policies in urban contexts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Condições ecológicas de ocupação humana na região do Amapari no período pré-colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-10) NUNES FILHO, Edinaldo Pinheiro; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781352Y2
This study aimed to investigate the existence of complex societies in Amapa in dry land in the valley of Amapari, specially from the theoretical and methodological point of view of the economy-ecology, ethno-history and archaeology. The methodology of the study consisted of works on human ecology, cultural, archaeological theory and ethno-history of the Amazon, Amazonian archeology, history of the Amazon, and in addition, a database was organized, which was base in literature review and in field work. The fieldwork included the excavation of 11 archaeological sites, but only the material collected in four sites (AP-AR-04: Dam Taboca, AP.AR-09: Testimony of Urucum, AP-AR-11: Tabocal of Annatto and AP-AR- 13: Stone) were analyzed through a laboratory study. Thus, the laboratory methodology used was based on the classification in prehistory proposed by Dunnell (2006), which consists of handling, analysis and interpretation of data collected in a logical sequence. In this sense, the classification consisted of three steps: cleaning, cataloging and analysis. The result of field research and laboratory indicated that the remains of material culture left by the pre-colonial groups that lived in the valley of Amapari are related to a development of complex societies, with adaptation to the ecosystem of Amazonian‟s high lands. Therefore, research has revealed that the development of complex societies in the researched region was not predominant in the floodplain and that the pre-colonial groups that settled in the land area of Amapa in the valley of Amapari created favorable conditions for development of a cultural complexity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de paisagem aplicada à análise ambiental do sítio arqueológico PA-BA-84: Alunorte em Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-13) PEREIRA, Elves Marcelo Barreto; GONÇALVES, Nelson Veiga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8811269146444725; SENNA, Cristina do Socorro Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6622787329862653
One of the task of the archaeological research in Amazon is to understand the relationships between past human populations and tropical rain forest. Is very important to define landscape units on contextual human occupation process and thus, to integrate this environmental data to archaeological sites context. This article aims to define the composition of conceptual landscape units of the archeological site PA-BA-84: ALUNORTE, utilizing the geographic approach of the Landscape Ecology as the efficient tool on archaeological patrimony preservation policy. This systemic approach outstanding the mutual interdependency of the landscape elements and yours interactions, generating two spacial units: microenvironment and macroenvironment of the archaeological site. The taxonomic classification of the landscape units is related to distinct spacial scales of geographic units, where geosystem unit is related to major scale of the site macroenvironment analisys, while geofacies unit and geotop unit are related to minor scales of the site microenvironment analisys. The results show the effort to define the conceptual limits of the archaeological sites and boths geographic and environmental context of the use of the space for distinct activities, that involve fishing, hunting party, searching of vegetable resource, ritual practices and others, generally preserved on boths archaeological artifacts and ecofacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão compartilhada do patrimônio arqueológico na Amazônia: conflitos e desafios entre o oficial, o legal e o real
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-04) SILVA, Ana Cristina Rocha; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
This thesis presents the conceptual expansion of the term cultural heritage brought by the Federal Constitution of 1988. Having done this, it contextualizes the reflexes of this expansion in Brazil's preservationist policy, starting in the 21st century. By accepting the broad understanding of cultural heritage defended by CF / 1988, the new preservation policy seeks to break the traditionalist paradigm, in order to allow civil society to play a leading role in the management of cultural heritage. Thus, it aims to guarantee access to and enjoyment of cultural goods for all, as well as to enable the exercise of citizenship and the sustainability of local populations. Classified as cultural heritage by article 216 of the CF / 1988, archaeological goods are contained in this set of challenges. In view of these paradigmatic transformations, the study presented here sought to understand how the semantic extension of the term cultural heritage and the (re) orientation of national cultural policy have been detached from the discursive field and transformed into democratic and emancipatory practices in the management of archaeological assets in the Amazon. The study aims to analyze the process of inclusion of local populations in the management of archaeological heritage, in the states of Amapá and Pará, in order to understand the role of the public authorities for the promotion and appropriation of cultural goods, focusing on the pillars of sustainability. Methodologically, the research was developed from the interaction between ethnographic and qualitative methods. The results point to the peripheral position of society in the management of archaeological heritage. With a genesis linked to a modernist project, the national patrimonial policy was based on a western view of the world and consolidated a practice centered on the preservation of monuments. Thus, dissonant epistemologies and cultural processes are disqualified by management strategies. In the Amazon, this practice ignores the multiple ways of apprehending the archaeological heritage by local populations. In addition, local knowledge and epistemologies are neglected by the extensive legal apparatus formed around archaeological heritage. For these reasons, in the region, the official preservation policy, the protection legislation and the reality of the local populations clash and make it difficult to implement the guidelines that guide the current patrimonial policy. In other words, the official, the legal and the real go in different directions and centralize the management of archaeological resources in the figure of the State and the specialists of the heritage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O método GPR aplicado à arqueologia no Sítio PA-ST-42: porto de Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-06) FURTADO, Carla Patrícia Queiroz; SILVA, Marcos Welby Correa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3213216758254128
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pedaços de pote, bonecos de barro e encantados em Laranjal do Maracá, Mazagão-Amapá: perspectivas para uma arqueologia pública na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-04) LEITE, Lúcio Flávio Siqueira Costa; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211
The Maracá region, in the municipality of Mazagão, state of Amapá, holds a vast archaeological potential, in which contexts of secondary burial in urns with anthropomorfic and zoomorfic characteristics—found in caves and shelters—feature prominently. The present dissertation is an ethnography about the representations that inhabitants of Vila de Laranjal de Maracá—located in the surroundings of several such sites—share of the archaeological traces found, as well as of the research carried out on these materials. Besides that, this study also tackles issues on practices of encantaria (Enchant Cult) and on the imaginary related to places described by the inhabitants. To accomplish that, participant observation, interviews, and bibliographic analysis were used in the attempt to reflect—based on the principles of Public Archaeology—on the different forms of impact of material culture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pelas trilhas dos filhos do sol e da lua: memórias das pinturas rupestres de Monte Alegre, Pará, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-14) SILVA, Arenildo dos Santos; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
The present work aims to reflect on the set of narratives about the cave paintings of the mountain ranges region of Monte Alegre, Pará, in the seek to understand the meanings that the archaeological heritage takes within contemporary social relations, in particular, those built according to the logic of traditional populations. The study begins with a historical dialogue through the first narratives on these images recorded by travelers and naturalists since the nineteenth century, afterwards it brings for discussion the works and knowledge produced by archaeological science in recent decades, and finally, it also adds the voices of residents of the Village of Ererê and surroundings about these iconographies. The dissertation was constructed from the interstitium between Anthropology, Archaeology and History, because the information that supported the research were obtained from reports of travelers, works of archaeological research, interviews, observation and the living together with residents of the village. The result is a tangle of distinct voices which weave, intersect and echo in the formation of a kaleidoscope of narratives composed by fragments of worlds, guided in the experiences, in the relationship with the social life and the lived present. The paths taken indicate reflections about the heritage policy in the Amazon, and more widely reflections of the search according to a decolonial praxis of science.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quando o campo é o museu: uma etnografia da relação homem, tempo e os objetos na cidade de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-14) COSTA, Dayseane Ferraz da; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
The main idea discussed in this thesis is that museums constitute fruitful areas for an ethnographic approach on respect men, time frames and objects. Considering the long tradition of anthropological research in museum institutions, attempts to analyze a bias that goes beyond the perspective of research and ethnographic collections of cultures represented by the same, as too frequently within the said tradition. From the investigation of three museum spaces and Managing company of the same institution made evident the relational universe that streamlines this daily connected to the culture there existing material reality. Amid the selected memory to be perpetuated; the stories told by text and objects and cultures represented on the Amazon, call attention to the human dimension that deals with such representations interacting socially through actions, choices, conflicts and negotiations. In the subjective dimension, also connect the material dimension, that is, objects that make up collections and have a usage history and reuse within the society outside and inside the museums. On the latter problematized the story of three collections and their collectors. In the three chapters of the work I try to put the questions scored above that have been made arising also from my experience in the field researching, which set out to investigate from the perspective of anthropology.The chapters that follow give account first my ethnographic experience and my involvement with my subject matter; then discuss the methodological construction of the research and the theoretical framework that supported my analysis. In a second moment problematized institutional dynamics and divergent relationships that are engendered within the museums and systemic unit that manages them; in this regard I reflect on my own condition as a researcher and as a native of the place. Finally, we analyze the relationship of social subjects with the objects that are protected in museums, which appropriated them in various ways; the exhibits and expository narratives are also problematized within the museum spaces surveyed, such as representations on readings about the history, the culture and the past of the Amazon and the city of Belém.