Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA"

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Intencionalidade, linguagem e análise do comportamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06) ÁLLAN, Sylvio; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Behavioral theories of language did not offer until this moment an adequate conceptual and empirical treatment for complex verbal behaviors. A contemporary functionalist proposal concerning complex repertoires in language acquisition and development is the usage-based theory of language acquisition, by Tomasello and colleagues. This theory has been developed in the context of Tomasello and colleagues’ wider analysis about the evolution of human cognition. In this proposal, comprehending and sharing intentionality are key aspects to human cognitive and linguistic development. The concept of intentionality, however, has led to several critics to this proposal, mainly because of a possible comeback of mentalist proposals about cognition and language. Thus, the present paper aimed: (1) to analyze Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal about the evolution of human cognition and the relation between this proposal and the acquisition/development of language – analyzing specifically the role of the concept of intentionality in this proposal and the relation between intentionality and language; (2) to analyze the treatment of this concept in John R. Searle and Daniel C. Dennett’s papers, comparing it to Tomasello and colleagues’ one, based on the criteria of: (i) definition of intentionality and (ii) relation between intentionality and language; (3) to analyze the treatment of the concept of intentionality in Behavior Analysis, comparing it to Tomasello and colleagues’ one, based on the same (i) and (ii) criteria. It was expected that these analyses would allow a better clarification about the usage of the concept of intentionality in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and would allow an interlocution between Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and Behavior Analysis, i.e., one approach to cognition and language without references to mental entities as explicative aspects. Tomasello and colleagues propose that human cognition is a sort of primate cognition, derived from primate biological adaptations to comprehend the others intentionally, in terms of actions, perceptions, emotional states and objectives, and a exclusively human motivation to share intentionality with others. From these characteristics, human beings became able to engage in collaboration activities related to cultural cognition (involving the creation and usage of linguistic and mathematic symbols, cultural artifacts, technologies, cultural practices, and social institutions), that changed considerably human species’ social interactions, allowing it to accumulate and modify the knowledge throughout history and to transmit this knowledge to further generations. Considering analyses of the usage of the concept of intentionality in Tomasello and coleagues, Searle, Dennett and Behavior Analysis’ proposals, it was established a relation between Tomasello and colleagues’ and Dennett’s proposals, both of them defining intentionality as a set of cognitive-behavior skills of organisms, derived from species’ evolutionary history. Furthermore, it was established a relation between the concept of intentionality in Searle’s and Behavior Analysis’ proposals and the concept of intentional in Tomasello and colleagues’ one, both of them meaning a referential property (i.e., to be related to) of certain phenomena according to objects and state of affairs. Concerning to the relation between intentionality and language, Tomasello and colleagues’, Searle’s and Dennett’s proposals emphasize the importance of the interaction between intentionality and language to the evolution of the so-called human cognition. However, Tomasello and colleagues are more related to Searle’s model because both of them suggest symbolic language is an intentionalityderived human behavioral skill. Dennett rejects this hypothesis, considering intentionality and symbolic language as two different behavior phenomena that co-evolved and started to interact from a certain moment in human species’ evolutionary history. In general, the present paper suggests that the main concepts used in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal about the evolution of human cognition and, specifically, in the usage-based theory of language acquisition, are compatible to some concepts used in others knowledge’s areas, like the philosophy of mind and behavioral sciences. In addition, the present paper also allowed an interlocution between Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and Behavior Analysis. It is suggested that (a) adopting behavioral vocabulary may contribute to investigate the phenomena in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal, rejecting references to mentalists hypotheses; and (b) Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal may offer relevant contributions to Behavior Analysis, concerning to the investigation of symbolic processes, specially symbolic language acquisition and development, since this proposal has investigated more complex symbolic processes than those traditionally investigated by Behavior Analysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigando aspectos do mastery learning e da capacidade da memória visual para objetos dinâmicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-22) PEREIRA FILHO, Silvio Carlos Ferreira; ALVES, Danilo Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642002445572793
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Leitura recombinativa generalizada após procedimentos de correção com fading em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01-07) ALVES, Keila Regina Sales; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Several studies have investigated the use of correction procedures, such as copy exercises, dictates, and oralization in promoting recombinative reading in people with some or no cognitive developmental deficit. The use of supporting techniques, such as fading, have not been tested as another variable that could immediately favor generalized recombinative reading. This work reports two studies. Study one, which included two students with cognitive developmental deficit, was divided in two stages. In Condition A, students were taught the relationships among spoken and printed words (AC), followed by equivalence tests among figures and printed words (BC), and printed words and figures (CB). Following those tests, reading tests about the taught words (MALA, PATO and BOCA) and generalized words (built up from the recombination among syllables) were used. Participants showed the reading of words only after formation of equivalence classes among figures, spoken words and printed have been documented. Afterwards, control probes used for syllable units and then a correction procedure was implemented, highlighting specific syllables (those identified after control probes have been used for syllable units) during copy, dictate and oralization combined teaching. Following four expositions to the correction procedure, participants were still showing only the reading of the words. In Condition B, fading in the specific syllables was introduced for the correction procedure. Participant MAR demonstrated a correct reading of all generalized words after the second use of the correction procedure, while participant CLA only after its third use. Participants showed function transference to new verbal forms AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC and CB. These results indicated the need to evaluate the two correction procedures separately. In Study 2, two participants with cognitive developmental deficit were selected and subjected to the same experimental design used in Study 1. One participant was subjected to the correction procedure and the other to the fading in correction procedure. Participant FER was subjected to fading in correction procedure, while participant JOS to correction procedure highlighting syllables. Both participants showed generalized recombinative reading after fading in correction procedure, as well as function transference to new verbal forms AB, AC, BC, CB, AB, AC, BC and CB. The results indicate that fading in procedure immediately favor generative recombinative reading in people with cognitive developmental deficit.