Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL::PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS E ATENCIONAIS"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equivalência de estímulos com procedimentos combinados e consciência fonológica na aquisição da leitura generalizada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-02) CAMELO, Mislene Lima; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Equivalence class formation among pictures and spoken and printed words promotes reading with comprehension, but it does not establish the discriminative control by all the units of the word (letters and syllables). The application of combined special procedures (copy, dictation and oralization - fluently and spelled) while the teaching the conditional relations between dictated words and printed words (AC) favors the establishment of discriminative control by units smaller than the word and the textual and comprehensive reading of the words formed by recombination of those units. The explicit training of syllabic discriminations has been adopted as one of the procedures in the studies on phonological consciousness, with satisfactory results in reading tests. The purpose of the present was to investigate the effect of the two procedures on the acquisition of recombinative reading in preschool children. Three children were exposed to the equivalence and combined special procedures during the acquisition of AC relations (with the words MALA, PATO and BOCA), and four to the explicit training of syllabic discriminations in tasks of rhyme, alliteration, addition and subtraction of syllables, and graphosyllabic correspondence. After a Pre-test, participants of the first group were exposed to the test/training of AB relations (spoken words-figures), and then to AC training with combined procedures and, BC (figures - printed words) and CB tests. During AC training each trial of this relation was followed by a trial of combined procedures of spelled copy, dictation and oralization, and other fluent trial. After the emergence of equivalence relation (BC/CB), children were tested on textual reading of syllables, trained- and generalized- words (formed by the recombination of the syllables of training words). When participants performance reached the minimum of 90% of accuracy in generalized reading test, in the next day a Post-test was carried out. Otherwise, the same procedure was applied again with three generalization words (BOLA, LAMA, and CAPA). The children of the second group were initially exposed to tasks of syllabic recognition and then to tasks of rhyme, alliteration, addition and subtraction of syllables, and graphosyllabic correspondence (with syllables MA, LA, PA, TO, BO, and CA). The participant was only exposed to the training of another syllable if his/her performance reached 100% of accuracy in the task of graphosyllabic correspondence and in the experimental items of the other activities. In the next day, after the conclusion of this training phase, the Pos-test was carried out: three participants of the equivalence group and one of the phonological consciousness presented recombinative reading of some words, but none of them presented generalized recombinative reading. It is suggested that other variables may have interfered in the participants performance: the pre and extra-experimental history, the acquisition of code-related concepts (e.g. left-to-right reading) and the number of training trials. It is also suggested that, when teaching Portuguese reading skills, the combination stimulus equivalence procedures and syllabic discrimination / correspondence is an efficient method to teach recombinative reading. It is proposed that new studies evaluate the effects of the combination of these procedures in the teaching of reading skills.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um teste computadorizado para a avaliação de visão de cores em crianças e sujeitos não-verbais baseado no teste de discriminação de cores de Mollon-Reffin
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12-16) GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9383834641490219; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The present study aimed at providing conditions for the assessment of color discrimination in children using a modified version of the Trivector mode of the Mollon-Reffin color discrimination test. Since the task of indicating the gap of the Landolt C used in that test proved counterintuitive and/or difficult for young children to understand the target stimulus was changed to a square patch of color the subjects were asked to touch. The Trivector test measures color discrimination for the protan, deutan and tritan confusion lines. Experiment I sought to evaluate the correspondence between the CCT and the child-friendly adaptation with adult subjects (n=29) with normal color vision. Comparison of the thresholds obtained with both tests using Bland-Altman statistical methods showed good agreement between the two test versions. Experiment II tested the child-friendly software with children 2 to 7 years old (n=25) using operant training techniques for establishing and maintaining the subjects‟ performance. Color discrimination thresholds were progressively lower as age increased. The protan and deutan thresholds were consistently lower than tritan thresholds, a pattern repeatedly observed in adults tested with the CCT. The results demonstrate that the test is fit for assessment of color discrimination in young children and may be a useful tool for the establishment of color vision thresholds during development, as well as for use with other human populations, as well as with other primate species. (CNPq, FINEP).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: um estudo de rastreamento entre escolares de Castanhal/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-30) NOBRE, João Paulo dos Santos; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678
The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an atypical condition of development, characterized by the triad of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. A high incidence among children disorder worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 5% to 7% in this population is considered, reaching predominantly. Although there is agreement when its high incidence, epidemiological studies worldwide do not find agreement on its impact. Nevertheless, it is possible to observe consensus among these studies, such as that ADHD involves losses in several areas of functioning, is more common in academic performance implications, the establishment of appropriate social relationships and family relationships. The treatment involves psychopedagogic attention psychotherapy and in some cases, use of medications. The aim of this study was to trace characteristic of ADHD among students of Castanhal municipal network in Pará, State of the Amazon region. The study gathered 39 elementary school teachers, comprising the 1st to 9th, three municipal schools responding to scale Scale Swanson, Nolan and Pelham - SNAP IV about the behavior of 279 randomly selected students enrolled and attended classes in the academic year 2015. In addition, data from the Basic Education Development Index were used (IDEB) of the school year 2015. The results of this study indicate prevalence of ADHD in 57 (20.43%) of which 41 (71.93%) were female and 16 (28.07%) were male. Regarding the presentation type, the most frequent was Inattention, 14 (24.56%) Combined type and 9 (15.79%) Hyperactivity. Obtained also a positive correlation between ADHD and School Delay from Total 57 participants with ADHD, 42 (73.61%) had school delay while the 222 considered without ADHD, 81 (36.49%). These data corroborate the literature pointing ADHD as a clinical condition with a negative impact in many areas of life of its own, one of the areas most affected academic life.