Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA FISIOLOGICA"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O comportamento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autístico no contexto de educação musical: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-03) ESPÍRITO SANTO, Lady Anny Araújo do; FREITAS JUNIOR, Aureo Deo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9902320223569217; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
The Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex syndrome, with higher prevalence in males, where the difficulties are manifested before the age of three and focus on three main areas: qualitative deviations in communication, social interaction and repetitive and stereotyped behavior. Using the context of music education, this study aimed to describe the behavior of two autistic children in the context of music lessons (percussion). For this purpose, was developed the Observation of Protocol Child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in the Context of Classroom Music (percussion) from the analysis of behaviors emitted by children in the moments before and during class, recorded on audio and video. The categories that make up this protocol include the main features of the frames of TEA, which were expressed during music lessons in moments of interaction with adults and with peers, as well as the answers given by the tasks. The behavior of each child were recorded, according to the categories proposed, noting the frequency with which they occurred. The results indicate that the child A, non-verbal, had a higher frequency to respond functionally to the initiatives of adult interaction, initiate functional interactions with adults and decline repetitive and stereotyped behavior, throughout the classes. Child B, verbal, showed higher frequency to initiate non-adaptative interactions with adults, to respond with non-adaptative answers to adults and maintenance of repetitive and stereotyped behavior in the course of lessons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diferenças de gênero em crianças: uma comparação entre diferentes metodologias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
There is an extended literature about sexual dimorphism in child behavior, including studies regarding atypical gender patterns or gender non-conformity. This study proposal was elaborated upon discussions about the relation between gender and homosexual behavior. However, it was noted the need to broaden the knowledge over child gender differences through different methodologies in the investigation of gender typical behavior and the influence of these differences upon children social relations. There were made three studies. In the first one, the methodologies of observation and interview were compared, in which it was verified that most playful behaviors occurred among children of the same sex and that some were more common for a specific gender. It was also observed that the contend of interviews were culturally influenced. In the second study two structured instruments were applied to measure gender, being found that there are some plays preferred by each sex and that the child usually identify itself and prefer to play with children of the same sex. In the third study the non-verbal behavior of mixed dyads was analyzed using three different protocols. The results indicated differences between sexes regarding behaviors but the communication effort and the rapport was similar. In general, it was found that there are many similarities in the general behavior between sexes, however in deeper analysis it is possible to identify specific patterns of each gender, especially regarding play styles and non-verbal behavior. Finally, the methods used have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing and combining methodologies for future researches.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição das enzimas NADPH-Diaforase e Tirosina Hidroxilase na substância negra de camundongos infectados pelo Toxoplasma gondii
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-29) MEURER, Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3239362677711162; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978; MORAES, Antonio Marcos Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2806117046911976
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide intracellular protozoan parasite and an important cause of disease in both humans and domestic animals. In Brazil, up to 80% of the population may be infected, depending on the region. Acute infection is generally asymptomatic, with posterior development of tissues cysts located mostly in muscles, retina and the central nervous system. The latent infection can alter behavior in animals and provoke psychotic symptoms in humans. Studies suggest that this infection may contribute to the occurrence of both schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, which are associated with abnormalities of the dopaminergic system. In this study we evaluated immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and NADPH-diaphorase activities in the substantia nigra of infected male swiss mice. The animals were inoculated with bradyzoites (10 cysts) from a Toxoplasma gondii (Me-49 strain). The brains were removed after 30 and 60 days, sectioned and submitted to protocols to reveal NADPH-diaforase activity and immunohistochemistry anti-TH. The densitometric analysis showed a lower reactivity to NADPH-diaforase in the substantia nigra of infected animals when comparated with non-infected controls. A similar reduction was also observed in immunoreactivity against TH in the substantia nigra. These results indicate that T. gondii may change the dopaminergic system in infected brains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enriquecimento alimentar e cognitivo para o bem-estar em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) COUTINHO, Paulo Henrique Módena; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
When put an animal in captivity, we limit their actions, taking control of most of the variables that act on a restricted environment. These variables, although to remedy the basic needs of the animals has the potential to be highly predictable and therefore stress. Environmental enrichment can be one of the most important advances in animal health in captivity in recent times, raising the psychological and physiological parameters of well-being, suppressed by captivity. The main objective was to create and verify the effectiveness of an environmental enrichment equipment called "roulette" with the function of minimizing the harmful effects of the two captive capuchins, by increasing the time devoted to foraging activities, approaching its budget activities relevant to that of animals in the wild. The observations were made by instantaneous sampling method in five steps: 1) pre-intervention, 2) D5, 3) D10 4) D15 and 5) post-intervention, and subsequently compared longitudinally. The data demonstrate the effectiveness of roulette item enriching the environment, since the behaviors associated with the exploitation and displacement suffered increased over the intervention - with the exception of D10, which will soon be re-evaluated - keeping average frequency of foraging near than expected in free-living animals (Rímoli, 2001) still in the post-intervention observations, rather than the frequency of abnormal behavior or stereotyped.