Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA ELETRICA::SISTEMAS ELETRICOS DE POTENCIA::GERACAO DA ENERGIA ELETRICA"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 43

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem matemática aplicada ao projeto de turbinas hidrocinéticas e eólicas com difusor utilizando a teoria do elemento de pá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-30) VAZ, Déborah Aline Tavares Dias do Rio; VAZ, Jerson Rogério Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1623983294183975
It is known surrounding a turbine with diffuser may significantly increase its power. This effect has attained considerable attention as it shows theoretically the possibility of achieving a power coefficient about 2 times greater than an ordinary turbine. However, the effect of the diffuser efficiency has not been implemented into blade element momentum yet, as well as the use of minimum pressure coefficient criterion to avoid cavitation during the optimization of the hydrokinetic chord along the blade. Hence, this work presents a novel approach to design diffuser-augmented hydro turbines considering the diffuser efficiency. Based on the blade element momentum, new expressions for the axial induction factor and thrust are obtained. In addition, both efficiency and load generated on a diffuser are considered to the extension of existing formulation to determine power coefficient in cases where diffuser losses are taken into account through efficiency (ηd) and area ratio (β). To assess the proposed model, a comparative evaluation of two different diffusers (flanged conical diffuser and flanged lens diffuser) is performed. Numerical and theoretical results are compared for a shrouded turbine equipped with 83% efficiency diffuser. The relative difference observed for the maximum power coefficient between the proposed model and an actuator disk model with diffuser is about 5.3%. For the hydro turbine with flanged conical diffuser, the mass flow rate is about 20% higher than for a bare turbine, while for the turbine with flanged lens diffuser the increase is only 2.4%. Also, for the flanged conical diffuser the power is increased by 53%. Furthermore, it is observed that the proposed blade element momentum with diffuser achieved good agreement with the numerical model, providing improved results compared to other models available in the literature. The optimization model of hydrokinetic chord shows relevant results in relation to the prevention of cavitation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de dados e definição de indicadores para a regulação de usinas termelétricas dos sistemas isolados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-11-28) CONDE, Cláudio Luciano da Rocha; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421; BRANCO, Tadeu da Mata Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8911039344594817
This thesis proposes an efficient and low cost monitoring system of electrical parameters and fuel consumption of thermal plants of the Brazilian isolated electrical systems, almost all located in the Amazon Region. These systems have many operational problems, usually related to the great distances and lack of data necessary to provide power quality and fuel consumption control. The analysis of the acquired data after the implantation of the considered system in four thermal plants in the State of Pará became possible, among other results, the development of an indicator (IMU) that can be used in the short and average planning studies. The viability of the proposed solution for the operative and regulatory control stimulated the development of a methodology to install monitoring systems all over the isolated systems of Brazil, included in a Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) regulatory act.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de desempenho de um sistema fotovoltaico domiciliar de pequeno porte operando com diferentes equipamentos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) MAIA, Keila Cristina dos Santos; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421; MACÊDO, Wilson Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386249951714088
This work presents the operational analysis of the operation of a 180 Wp solar home system designed to supply small loads. The solar home system is installed at the laboratory testing area of the “Grupo de Estudos e Desenvolvimento de Alternativas Energéticas” (GEDAE), in order to simulate its operation as electricity supply for a typical riparian residence of the Amazon. For this, it was simulated the use of loads that are frequently used in these homes (TV and lamps) at predefined times. Besides the description of the system components, the mechanisms for monitor its operation and to analyze the data obtained about the behavior of the system operating with different technologies of inverters (sine, square and modified square output waveforms), charge controllers and deep cycle batteries are also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco de geração de eletricidade com sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede usando o método de Monte Carlo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-15) PEREIRA, Edinaldo José da Silva; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents a risk analysis of the economic feasibility for energy generation systems, based on the Monte Carlo Method. Initially is presented a vision of the state of the art concerned to the participation of the main sources of renewable energy in the world, in particular in Brazil, in order to highlight the importance of them in the world. The efficient and rational use of energy is evidenced when the design of any energy efficient building, being the GEDAE/UFPA’s building presented as an example of construction that seeks to apply the characteristics of energy efficiency, bioclimatic architecture and environmental comfort. Based in the GEDAE/UFPA’s building, one of its SFCRs is presented and its economic analysis is performed using initially a deterministic approach and later a probabilistic analysis, via Monte Carlo Method. The cost of electric energy produced and the net present value, in a first moment, are used as dependent variables in the last analysis, due their easy interpretation. Modified internal rate of return and the discounted payback are dependent variables used later to better qualify the investor's decision against the risks assumed, since the use of only the first two may lead, as occurred in the case study analyzed, to results with comparable risks between the various alternatives proposed. In Brazil, in front of lack of an effective national policy for development of SFCRs, a national proposal to leverage the use of these systems is presented, quantifying the risk assumed by the investor and by the Federal Government adopting such proposal. The results show that SFCRs in Brazil nearly achieved the parity tariff for three-phase residential consumers. In addition, each year maintenance of the proposed adoption of incentive presented, here called green bonus, over 800 MWp could be added to the brazilian energy matrix. And if in this proposal, were applied a reduction of import taxes or an incentive for the establishment of a national industry that could reach a decrease in acquisition costs of the PV generator/inverter set up to 20%, an annual insertion of almost 1 GWp in the national energy matrix could be achieved, with a payback time for producer lower than six years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do sistema de gestão da qualidade em laboratórios de ensaio e calibração: o caso do centro de tecnologia da Eletronorte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-07-04) CONCEIÇÃO, Fernando Wilson Sousa; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058
This work is to analyze the management system deployed at the Center for Technology Eletrobras Eletronorte - OCT based on the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025 - and to reach that goal was accomplished an analysis to identify the main critical points for maintaining the Quality Management System – QMS. The evolvement in the use of management systems in general has increased the demand to ensure that laboratories which are part of a larger organization or offer other services may operate in accordance with a management system that complies with the standard ABNT NBR ISO 9001. In order to lead and operate a successful organization it is necessary to conduce and control it in a transparent and systematic manner. Success can result from implementing and maintaining a management system designed to continuously improved performance, taking into account both the needs of all interested parties. Laboratories accredited guarantee aspects regarding the reliability and confidentiality of the results besides the traceability of standards used in the tests and calibrations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multifísica e experimentos em sensores ópticos usados na medição de temperatura em rotores de hidrogeradores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-12) LEITE, Reinaldo Corrêa; DMITRIEV, Victor Alexandrovich; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0684541646225359
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) offer new possibilities to monitor accurately the rotor temperature. Dozens of sensors can be mounted in series in a single fiber and used to measure the temperature in several points of the rotor winding. Such sensors installed directly on the rotor winding surface are thermally isolated from the cooling air by a silicone layer. Because of the temperature gradient in this structure, the sensor is exposed to thermo-mechanical stresses and therefore can be deformed. Since the FBG probes are sensitive to both temperature and strain, the knowledge of each effect separately is necessary to ensure that the temperature readings are not affected by strain. Experimental results obtained in rotor winding mockup tests with thermistors and FBG sensors show that the temperature readings by the FBG are 4.5°C above the temperature defined by the thermistors which were used as references. Multi-physics simulations were carried out to calculate the strain and temperature in the FBG assembly. The theoretical and experimental results are in a good agreement and show that the temperature gradient across the FBG sensor assembly is sufficient to cause a strain that induces an axial stress in the FBG sensor causing an error in the temperature reading.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de filtro harmônico em sistemas elétricos de baixa tensão utilizando Lógica Fuzzy
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-02) CIRINO, Weverson dos Santos; COSTA JÚNIOR, Carlos Tavares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6328549183075122
In an electric system several circuits and industrial equipments that behave as no-lineal devices exist. That behavior generates distortions in the electric system. Those distortions are called of Harmonic. This article introduces one of the several solutions to minimize that problem through the use of passive harmonic filters. The application of that filter will feel through a tool of computer generated to analyze and to detect which harmonic are present in the entrance sign and they harm the quality of the supply service, as well as, in projecting the passive filter. The Algorithm is divided in two phases, one for analysis and detection and the other based on Fuzzy Logic for the definition of the state of the supply service - QEE (Quality of the Electric power).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento da biomassa flutuante do Rio Madeira para geração de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-24) BACELLAR, Atlas Augusto; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The first part of the study was dedicated to review Brazilian power system, Universal access to electricity in Brazil, renewable sources of energy in the Amazon region, technologies to produce electricity using biomass as source, Brazilian power sector subsidies, the Madeira River, its characteristics and economic importance and investment analysis tools. Next, quality and quantity information of the biomass collected from the river along the years was taken from AHIMOC, the Federal Organization responsible for the Madeira River navigability. Then a physical-chemical analysis was made at the UFAM’s laboratories, using biomass collected in a field trip. The biomass power potential and the technological power production routes using biomass were evaluated with these data after comparing the results with available literature. Subsequently information about householders and communities located at the Madeira River was obtained with the State Utility. Once the available biomass, the technology routes and the possible consumers were characterized, the study evaluated technology, economy, environment, social and legal aspects. The study results show the competitiveness of gasification comparing to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in helping Brazilian universal electrification program, which implementation depends on public policies with the obligatory participation of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, Ministry of Transports and The Ministry of Environment, and also the attractiveness potential private capital participation which could contribute to reduce public investment. The results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena and the opportunity to use another types of local biomass in Gasifier systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atendimento de energia elétrica domiciliar para comunidades isoladas de baixa potência do interior do estado do Pará através de um gaseificador de 1kw
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-12-11) BRITO NETO, Osmundo Batista de; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
In Pará State, almost 21% of its population has no access to use of electric energy in their residence. To this universe belongs the target audience from this report, that are the isolated communities. Due the large territorial extension and hydrographic basin in Pará State, this communities will have many difficulties to be served by the extension of distribution network. The proposal of this report consists in the use of the Açaí seed as biomass to an Indian co-current and open top gasifier of 1 Kg/hour, adapted and adjusted to the specifications of this region; the gasification system is connected to a generator of 2 KVA (Diesel or Gas), to supply with electric energy for the isolated communities where already exists the biomass as a result of the Açaí seed processing that is been considered as garbage. In this context, the governmental programs were examined in order to support this proposal, using the proposed system as one of many options to serve with electric energy by alternative source.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de estratégias de controle de potência reativa de aerogeradores síncronos em redes elétricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-18-11) NASCIMENTO, André Cavalcante do; BEZERRA, Ubiratan Holanda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542769654042813; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
In the present work a methodology of reactive power injection in electric grids during voltage dips provoked by short-circuit, in connected wind farms, adopted at some countries with technological maturity in the production of wind energy in the world is evaluated. In the developed studies, the direct drive synchronous wind generator was used with full converter due to the high controllability of the converter connected to the electric grid and for possessing high capacity of reactive power supply, compared to other wind generators technologies. In Brazil, the grid code to connect wind farms to the electric grids, defined by the National Operator of the Electrical System, doesn't stipulate yet the need of adoption of such methodology during faults in the electric grid. It just specifies the ride through apability curve for voltage dips that the wind generators should follow to avoid the trip of the undervoltage relay. Criteria of the synchronous wind generators protection are evaluated starting from short-circuit simulations in a test grid with adoption of the Brazilian grid code, without reactive power injection, being compared with those of other countries that adopt reactive power injection curves.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de potencial hidrocinético à jusante de centrais hidrelétricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) HOLANDA, Patrícia da Silva; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; SECRETAN, Yves; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The maximization of the performance of hydropower projects by taking advantage of the remaining energy downstream of dams via the installation of hydrokinetic turbines is feasible. In this context, two case studies of the hydroelectric power plants are presented, one of large Tucuruí in the Tocatins river, Amazonia, and another of medium size Bariri in the Tietê river, in the Southeast of Brazil.In central hydrokinetic projects, the design of the rotor diameter and velocity of the water are fundamental and depend on the depth and velocity of the river, respectively. Thus, the Saint-Venant model has been applied to these areas of studies. The calibration of the model was performed by linear regression of the measured and simulated flow rates for both, resulting in a correlation of 0.99. Validation was performed for a point on the Tocantins river using velocities measured with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The measured velocities are comparable to the velocities simulated by the model. Thus, a power curve was generated for the measured flow rates and the simulated velocities for the point at which the velocities were validated, thus obtaining a correlation of 0.96. This same curve was used for estimates of velocity, calculation of the energy density, and defining a design velocity for Tucuruí HPP equal to 2.35 m/s and Bariri 2.25 m/s. After the design was velocity defined, 10 points were selected Tucuruí and 1 point Bariri for the location of hydrokinetic turbines. The velocities of these points were determined with the same method used for the validation of the velocities. The points were selected based on the channel downstream of the reservoir and at the end of the Bariri dissipation basin, with the largest depth and velocity, which are characteristics favorable for greater power generation. Considering the rivers depth and available manufacturing technology, the rotor diameter was defined for the large study in 10 m and for the medium 2.1 m. After the design velocity was defined, the rotor design was implemented using the blade element method (BEM Blade Element Momentum), allowing for the definition of an installed power curve of the turbine as a function of the river velocity. In terms of generated energy, the 10 turbines can generate 2.04 GWh/year. These numbers demonstrate the potential for utilizing the remaining energy of hydroelectric plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do desempenho das funções de controle volt-watt e volt-var em inversores fotovoltaicos integrados nas redes de distribuição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-27) WANZELER, Tiago Machado; VIEIRA, João Paulo Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188999223769913
This dissertation addresses some of the major operational problems faced by distribution system operators due to the high integration of photovoltaic (PV) generators, such as overvoltages and excessive tap counts in step voltage regulators (SVR). These situations are continually being studied, since they can cause voltage quality problems and damage in SVRs. The overvoltage problem can be caused by a significant injection of active power from the PV generation to the network. Moreover, the rapid and significant variations in PV generator active power associated with cloud transients result in an increase of voltage regulator tap counts, which can affect the useful life of device. In this context, the smart inverters Volt-Watt and Volt-Var control functions have been added in recent studies to mitigate the overvoltages. This work shows how Volt-Watt and Volt-Var control functions mitigate the overvoltage and voltage regulation problems in distribution networks with PV generation. Time series power flow simulations on LV and MV single feeders with PV solar plant have been performed in high and low solar variability scenarios.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação operacional das diferentes arquiteturas de interligação de geradores fotovoltaicos à rede elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-13) TELES, Mailson Borges; MACÊDO, Wilson Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386249951714088
This work aims to experimentally evaluate the string, microinverter and d.c.-d.c. converter technologies, in order to contribute to scientific knowledge construction in applications of the different interconnection architectures of photovoltaic generators to the conventional electric grid. For this, were used different systems installed at GEDAE’s laboratory (UFPA), located in northern region of the country. It was compared the performances according to the information from different data acquisition mechanisms available in the laboratory. In face of some of these data acquisition mechanisms provide only the value of energy accumulated throughout the day, a focus was given on the overall operation of the different systems analyzed. However, in those systems which greater operational details were monitored, either by the equipment's own acquisition system or already existing equipment in the laboratory (Fluke Digital Storage Oscilloscope, Digital Power Meter, etc.), important point analyzes with more detailed operation of the system were performed. The obtained results show that the d.c.-d.c. converters system presented superior performance to the other monitored systems. However, it has been found the occurrence of problems due to the pairing process of the d.c.-d.c. power converters in the operation of such systems that remain until now.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação operacional dos efeitos do perfil de demanda de quatro sistemas de microgeração fotovoltaica conectados à rede
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-29) PARIJÓS JÚNIOR, Ivan Ruy de; PEREIRA, Edinaldo José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596575345034065; MACÊDO, Wilson Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386249951714088
Power quality has been widely researched. Several phenomena that affect power quality, and its consequences, have been investigated. When the power quality theme involves the operation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system, the main concern is about the operation of the inverter, which is responsible for the interface of the photovoltaic generator with the grid. The introduction of photovoltaic generation in the grid requires attention on certain factors such as changes in the load curve, voltage level, harmonic components in the inverter current and variation on the power factor (PF) of the costumer. This work aims to test and evaluate some aspects that may influence the power quality due to the insertion of photovoltaic generation in the grid, associated whit the load demand. Four grid-connected photovoltaic systems were used to develop this work, as well as a data acquisition bench that was set up to monitor the operation of these systems. In this work it is possible to conclude that the operation of photovoltaic systems causes changes in the voltage level at the point of common coupling. Also, the interaction between photovoltaic systems and loads causes changes in the load profile measured by the side of the grid, causing the total harmonic distortion in the current (THDi) and PF measured at this side to be different from those measured at the loads and photovoltaic sides. It is possible to observe that the grid-connected photovoltaic system can contribute to increase or reduce the THDi seen by the local grid, where the greatest contribution of harmonic distortion in the current delivered by the grid is associated to the demand profile of the load.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação técnica e econômica da implantação de sistemas fotovoltaicos no Aeroporto Internacional de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-27) GONÇALVES, Franciane Andreza Veloso dos Santos; MACÊDO, Wilson Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386249951714088; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents a technical and economic evaluation for the installation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system for the electrification of the International Airport Val-de-Cans, located in Belém - Pará - Brazil. This is a pilot project in the Northern Region of Brazil to be deployed on the roof of the Airport Terminal, in an area of approximately 16.000 m2. The technical evaluation was performed with the aid of meteorological data and that of electrical energy consumption for the period from 2011 to 2012, the design of two options of grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPS), the first proposal with 191 subsystems using polycrystalline silicon modules that will generate maximum power of 2.3 MWp in standard conditions, the second proposal with 82 subsystems using amorphous silicon modules that will generate a power maximum of 1.04 MWp in standard conditions. A software is used to simulate the performance of these proposed systems, showing the irradiance and active power profiles for a sunny day and cloudy day. The economic evaluation was based on the designed systems, being decisive for choosing the most suitable photovoltaic system for deployment given that the proposal 1 has an initial investment of R$ 14.970.089,48, reducing the energy consumed in the airport terminal in a maximum of 34% in the month that has the sunniest days, and 24% in the month that has the cloudiest days. This proposal will be payed for itself, in approximately 21 years, without any other contribution sources. Proposal 2 already has an initial investment cost of R$ 10.067.826,13, reducing the energy consumed in the airport terminal in a maximum of 15% in the month that has the sunniest days, and 11% in the month that has the cloudiest days. This proposal won’t be payed for itself, without any other contributing sources. As a result, it is intended to reduce the consumption of energy provided by the electricity utility, to disclose this promising energy alternative and help preserve the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação dos algoritmos C4.5 e MLP usados na avaliação da segurança dinâmica e no auxílio ao controle preventivo no contexto da estabilidade transitória de sistemas de potência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) OLIVEIRA, Werbeston Douglas de; BEZERRA, Ubiratan Holanda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542769654042813; VIEIRA, João Paulo Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188999223769913
This work compares the C4.5 and multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms applied for dynamic security assessment (DSA) and power system stability transient preventive control design. C4.5 is an algorithm of the decision tree (DT) technique and the MLP is a member of artificial neural network (ANNs) family. The advent of DTs and ANNs provides solution to real-time DSA issues in order to identify quickly when a power system is subjected to a critical disturbance (short-circuit) that may lead to transient instability. In addition, the knowledge obtained by both techniques can be utilized in the preventive control design to restore the power system security against critical disturbances. Based on the data base generation with exhaustive time-domain simulations, some specific critical disturbances are taken as examples to compare the C4.5 and MLP algorithms employed to DSA and guideline to preventive actions. The comparative study is tested on the New England power system. In the case studies, the knowledge database is generated by using PSTv3 (Power System Toolbox) software. The DTs and ANNs are trained and tested by the Rapidminer software. The obtained results have demonstrated a promising application of the C4.5 and MLP algorithms used in power system DSA and preventive control design.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição para o planejamento econômico de sistemas de energias elétrica: um algoritmo para a expansão simultânea da geração e transmissão usando aproximação linear
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1983) BRANCO, Tadeu da Mata Medeiros; KOO, Robert Liang; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0610628446391103
Contribution tho the eletric power systems economic planning: an algorithm for the simultaneos expansion of generation and transmission using linear approximation. Economic Planning of Generation and Transmission in Electrical Power Systems constitutes a Nonlinear Optimization Problem which has some complexity and must be treated in a global manner. Several iteractive methods has been proposed to solve problems of this nature but sometimes are unaceptable due time and large computer storage requirements. This complexity is enlarged if generation and transmission were simultaneously optimized. Linear programming has been considered as a promissing tool to solve these problems but due the linearization of nonlinear functions the results presents some loss of accuracy, even so, for planning purposes these results are aceptable. In this work we propose a Global Algorithm for the Economic Planning of Simultaneous Expansion of Generation and Transmission in Electrical Power Systems based on the application of a Linear Programming Method and Minimum Cost Flow Algorithm which permits discret addition of generation and circuits units to the system with minimum investment cost in each period. Losses and maximum capacity of the lines are included in the algorithm, some examples are shown and at the end we suggest some extensions to further works.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Controlador fuzzy para uso em conversores de frequência aplicado à sistemas fotovoltaicos de bombeamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-06) MARANHÃO, Geraldo Neves de Albuquerque; BRITO, Alaan Ubaiara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9194391143997588; MACÊDO, Wilson Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3386249951714088
This work proposes a fuzzy controller applied to a commercial variable-speed drive (VSD) for use in direct-coupled photovoltaic pumping systems (PVPS). The fuzzy logic system used is embedded in a controlling programming device (CPD) connected to the auxiliary input of the VSD for controlling the pump's working speed according to the power provided by photovoltaic generator (PVG). The objective is to avoid unintended behaviors in the d.c. bus voltage level VSD and cause the system to operate near the point of maximum efficiency. The control methodology is based on achieving the dynamic be-havior of the irradiance with which the PVPS is subjected via two different methods of low cost sensing, namely: using a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and using a low power sensor module. Experimental tests were performed using two tests bench for motor pumps able to simulate several-head wells. The results confirm the feasibility of using fuzzy con-troller with both sensing methods. Using LDR it possible to ensure the availability of PVPS, since it could suppress the undesired undervoltage errors, as with the methodology using the sensor module, and ensure availability of the system was obtained also satisfac-tory yield assembly VSD + motor pump, with a daily average efficiency of approximately 23 %.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Controle de frequência de geração fotovoltaica considerando inércia virtual
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-30) RAMOS, Vanessa Menezes; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
The large-scale integration of intermittent sources of renewable energies, such as photovoltaic systems, into electrical power systems generates new technical issues, since such sources do not participate in frequency regulation because they do not exhibit inertia of rotation. The rapid frequency variation, normally found in networks with a high degree of integration of renewable generation, therefore causes greater difficulty in maintaining frequency stability, unlike conventional systems (for example Hydro and Thermal), where the inertia of the generators is sufficiently high , for most of these new systems this is not valid. In this context, the present dissertation will propose the use of the concept of "virtual inertia", which corresponds to a combination of control algorithms, electrical energy storage devices and power electronics applied to renewable sources, such as photovoltaics, connected to networks of power through inverters, which emulates the inertia of a conventional generation system. It will be presented a model based on a small linearized signal analysis, developed to evaluate the stability of a power control circuit when the photovoltaic generator provides frequency response and the inertial response emulated with photovoltaic systems by means of techniques based on the MPPT controller in the Displacement Method and the Droop control strategy in the time domain. This modeling is tested in an electric power system composed of synchronous machines and a large-scale photovoltaic power generation plant for the analysis of the effects of the control system in relation to frequency stability. The simulations performed with MATLAB/Simulink software consider different inertia constants for a condition of variation (decrease) in the electric frequency, caused by the insertion of loads in the electric system. Comparative results indicate that the impact of photovoltaic generation on the stability of the power system is greater when the power supplied by the conventional plant generator is lower. Results also prove that when the photovoltaic system is supplying power to the grid, its frequency decreases, affecting the stability and operation of the power system through the degradation of the frequency dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desafios e oportunidades para o acesso universal à energia elétrica na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-20) MUNIZ, Rafael Ninno; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The Brazilian energy planning has been progressively emphasizing the use of renewable energy sources, however for some initiatives such as the Light for All Program, these energy alternatives are being treated as a secondary activity and difficult to implement. This work aims to analyze how the Brazilian government has been adapting its institutional structure, technology and funding to provide universal access to electricity in remote areas. According to official information, this initiative has proven effective in its first phase, which was developed by the extension of conventional network. However, the study concludes that the program is currently not converges to full compliance with the access to electricity in remote areas in the Amazon and three main challenges were identified. There is a need for adjustment of current institutional structures, harmonize technologies to the regional context and use government funds more effectively. The research points out ways and alternatives to what is being done in isolated systems, and presents two case studies which have been applied to decentralized power generation with renewable sources of biomass in isolated community, and the energy utilization of municipal solid waste in the municipality belonging to the isolated system. These practical examples are proposed to contribute to the results of the study for the development of public policies, research projects, meet technology providers and promote energy and residuary solutions for municipalities and communities belonging to national isolated system, aiming to achieve universal access to energy electricity in remote areas in the Amazon.