Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA MECANICA"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um modelo de dispersão de poluentes na Baía do Guajará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-12-19) BATISTA, Adriano Gomes; SENA, Manoel José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2349287816857909; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The sea and coastal environment of Brazil have suffered a process of considerable environmental degradation in the last years. This degradation was caused by the growing environmental pressure on the sea and the continental natural resources that have overwhelmed the limited capacity of the ecosystems to absorb the impacts. In the specific case of the Bay of Guajará, located in the Estuaries Guajará, in the area delimited by the Bay of Marajó and for the rivers Pará and Guamá, these risks are associated mainly to the pollution originating from of the city of Belém and the petroleum derived pollution caused by transport operations. In the case of the Bay of Guajará, it is known that there are sewer spillings periodically caused by the tide. Because this pollution is caused by the tide, there is little that can be done to correct or soften the effects of this problem. The numeric models consider the complexity of the physical phenomena that govern the operation of the coastal environment, and have been used as tools in hydrodynamic simulation with recognized importance in coastal administration. This application can support several studies: the understanding of the dispersing processes of pollutants; the implantation of systems of monitoring of water quality; the plan of action in cases of a oil spillage; and the effects of alterations in the geometry of channels and bays and estuaries. The objective of this work is to explain these subjects and to describe the necessary stages for the construction of a numeric model of dispersion in the Bay of Guajará using the tools of the Systems of Geographical Information and the Method of Finite Elements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição à análise do transporte pneumático em fase diluída
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10) GOMES, Luiz Moreira; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
This thesis is a contribution to the dilute-phase pneumatic conveying analysis. The survey of the key parameters of a pneumatic transport of bulk solids which are: the minimum conveying air velocity and pressure drop in horizontal and vertical pipelines. Therefore, an analysis of the main correlations available in the literature is made focused on the prediction of such critical velocities, and so proposes the use the most reliable correlations. In this way, an equation to predict the pickup velocity of the particles at the bottom of a horizontal pipeline was also developed. Then was analyzed the behavior of the pressure drop due to the solids and system properties using two computer programs, one of them does not consider the pressure drop in the acceleration zone in its formulation (algorithm). So, it is possible to understand what is the contribution of the acceleration zone in the total pressure drop of system and which is the range of application of each program. It is also done through mathematical modeling, the sensitivity analysis of the initial porosity of the bulk solids in the pressure drop along the pipeline as a function of parameters such as: solids mass flowrate, pipeline length, particles density and pipeline diameter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de unidade piloto de transferência de massa gás/líquido: redução da reatividade do resíduo da indústria de alumina através da reação com gases de combustão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02) VENANCIO, Luis Carlos Alves; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
The bauxite refining using the Bayer process produces 0.7 to 2.0 tons of the residue known as red mud and about 1.0 ton of CO2 for each ton of alumina produced. The bauxite residue, although not particularly toxic, poses risks to the environment due to its large volume and reactivity. According to the latest technology, part of the moisture is removed and it is stacked on sealed areas specially constructed. More than 95% of the bauxite residue that has been produced (2.6 Bt until 2007) was discarded, especially in ponds on land. This thesis shows the design, construction and operation of a pilot scale gas liquid mass transfer unity with the objective of testing the reduction of the reactivity of the bauxite residue through a reaction with flue gas. As an additional gain, there is a reduction of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. This unity, with three reactors, was designed in order to consume minimal power, process the effluent as efficiently as possible and minimize the investment cost. Twenty-five experiments were realized with duration from 80 to 520 minutes each. The gases were analyzed at the entry and exit with electrochemical cells and non-dispersive infrared sensors. The pH was monitored during and after the reaction in order to evaluate the short and long-term results as well as the stability of the reactions. It was demonstrated the viability of reacting the bauxite residue with the flue gas from the refinery without previous processing with the stabilization pH reaching 10.5.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do comprimento de reversão e do ângulo de ataque sobre a estrutura de solidificação do cordão em soldagem MIG/MAG com "Switch Back"
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) ALMEIDA, Hélio Antônio Lameira de; MOTA, Carlos Alberto Mendes da; SCOTTI, Américo
The welding technique denominated switch-back technique consists in a torch oscillation in the welding direction rather than transversally. However, there is not much information in literature about the solidification structure of the bead when this technique is applied. Therefore, in this work is presented a study on the effect of the torch leading angle and of the reversion course length over the bead solidification structure. Welds were carried out with Pulsed MIG/MAG Process on plain carbon steel plates. The results showed that the parameters under analysis modify the solidification mode of the bead. In general, when the angle of torch leads to pushing-pulling movement, equiaxial grains near the fusion line is favored. In relation to the course length, its increase leads to finer solidification structure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do tipo, tamanho e teor de agregado graudo na resistencia e energia de fratura do concreto
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2004-09-28) POMPEU NETO, Bernardo Borges; DUCATTI, Vitor Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4679656185466685; FERREIRA, Itamar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9135346053526486
This thesis presents the results of the experimental study carried out for considering the effects of the type, size and amount of coarse aggregate on the behavior of normal and high strength concretes, and on relationship among the fracture energy and typical mechanical strength of concrete. The experimental concrete mixtures were made with basalt and granite coarse aggregates having maximum size particle 9.5 mm e 19 mm and volumetrically fraction in the mixture ranging from 0.65 to 0.75. The water to cementation materiais ratio ranged from 0.35 to 0.50. The high strength concrete mixtures contained a fixed amount of 10 percent of silica fume in relation to the weight Portland cement used and a proper addition of superplasticizing agent. Sixteen (16) concrete batching, and one hundred and ninety two tests were carried out to measure the mechanical resistance of concrete (compressive strength, flexure strength, spittling tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) and fracture energy. The fracture properties measured in agreement of the RILEM test methods. The concrete compressive strength ranged from 40 to 60 MPa, and from 70 to 110 MPa, for moderate and high strength concretes, respectively, depending on the type of coarse aggregate utilized. The results showed that the concrete resistance (compressive, flexure, spittling tensile) and fracture energy, at given water to binder ratio, depend on type, particle dimension and content of coarse aggregate. The characteristic length of Hülerborg^ fictitions cracks model increases with the variation in the particle dimension of coarse aggregate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa de vida útil do pbx (plastic-bonded explosive) com envelhecimento acelerado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07) KIRCHHOF, Edemar; ROCHA, Roberta Jachura; NAKAMURA, Nanci Miyeko; LAPA, Camila Maria; PINHEIRO, Glaci Ferreira Martins; GONÇALVES, Rene Francisco Boschi; ROCCO, José Atílio Fritz Fidel; ILHA, Koshun
This article aims to estimate the shelf life of the PBX by thermal analysis estimated by the Arrhenius equation, equivalent to the time of storage at accelerated aging. The PBX was subjected to accelerated aging in an oven at controlled temperature 60 ºC for periods of 5, 10, 15 and 25 weeks, which are equivalent to 5, 10, 15 and 25 of natural aging, respectively, at a temperature of 25 ºC. The curves of thermal decomposition of the samples were obtained by the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) technique. The kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy and pre-exponential factor, were determined by the Ozawa method and the Kissinger method. Initial results of this study indicated that, for a period of 25 years of storage in the cargo hold, the material did not change this aging significantly. To study the life of PBX analyzes, vacuum chemical stability were also conducted to verify the safety of explosive handling.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da adição de nanotubos de carbono nas propriedades mecânicas da liga AL-2%NI solidificadas direcionalmente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-27) NASCIMENTO, Luiz Gabriel da Silva; SÁ, Fernando Antônio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8275621144223544; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
In this work, we produced a hypoeutectic Al-2wt%Ni matrix, to which we added various concentrations of carbon nanotubes, in order to evaluate the evolution of the mechanical strength of the new material. The manufacturing process occurred by melting and ascending unidirectional abrupt cooling, with extraction of the heat transient and determination of the thermal variables involved in the solidification. Scanning Electron Microscopy images show how the nanotubes are settled in the matrix, and by means of Raman Spectroscopy, we were able to determine the “D” and “G” bands and analyze the action of the process over them. By means of metallographic and mechanical tests, we were able to characterize the macro and micro-structural behaviors and the mechanical properties. The addition of small quantities of nanotubes led to a significant raise in the mechanical strength of the matrix.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção e caracterização de ligas de ouro aplicadas ao setor joalheiro no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06) MAIA, Raimunda Figueiredo da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; SÁ, Fernando Antonio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8275621144223544
Gold has main application as adornment in jewelry pieces but in its pure state doesn’t have the hardness required for this use, being generally fused with other metals to form alloys. The aim of this research was to elaborate and characterize optical, structural and mechanical properties of gold alloys and introduce the use of intermetallic Au-20% Al, seeking to improve the production of jewelry industry. Four (4) gold alloys were prepared: one (1) intermetallic Au-20% Al violet colored and three (3) with usual coloration in jewelry manufacture (Au-25% Ag - light green, Au-12,5% Cu - red, Au-12,5% Ag-12,5% Cu - yellow). Au-20% Al alloy was produced in microproducers of the state of Pará workshops, while the others were fused in Materials Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School in Federal University of Pará (UFPA). The structural properties were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed dendritic cell structure for Au-25% Ag and Au-12,5% Cu alloys, dendritic structure for Au-12,5% Ag-12,5% Cu alloy and cellular structure for Au-20% Al alloy. The mechanical properties were obtained through Vickers microhardness tests, evidencing the highest hardness for Au-20% Al alloy, intermetallic of AX2 type. The optical properties evaluated by colorimetric tests showed visible light spectrum in the range from violet color (Au-20% Al), greenish yellow (Au-25% Ag), red (Au-12,5% Cu) and yellow (Au-12,5% Ag-12,5% Cu).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revestimento de níquel depositado pela soldagem MIG e MIG com arame frio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) MOTA, Carlos Alberto Mendes da; NASCIMENTO, Alexandre Saldanha do; GARCIA, Douglas Neves; SILVA, Diego Almir Silva da; TEIXEIRA, Felipe Ribeiro; FERRARESI, Valtair Antônio
This paper presents a study about the operational, geometrical and microstructural characteristics of GMAW and GMAW-CW (GMAW Cold Wire) welds applied on a coating of steel AISI 1020 plate, with a nickel superalloy ER NiCrMo-4, Hastelloy 276C type. The welding was automated in flat position, and executed with an electronic source on DC+ and having instantaneous acquisition of the welding voltage and current oscillograms. The input variables were the speeds of the electrode and cold wires and the welding speed. It was evaluated the operational processes and the effect of heat input on the geometrical characteristics (reinforcement and width), dilution, microstructure and microhardness of the coating. The results indicated a good operating performance, the absence of defects in single passes and in the GMAW-CW coatings. Furthermore, it has been found the lowest level of dilution.