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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Absorção de gases da queima de combustíveis fósseis em torre de recheio estruturado utilizando lama vermelha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-11) SANTOS, Iara Ferreira; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0800747860976046
The production of alumina from the Bayer process produces 1-3 tons of waste per ton of aluminum. This residue is known red mud, compound of minerals insoluble in concentrated sodium hydroxide, hematite and other iron oxides, quartz and titanium oxides. The red mud has in its composition varied levels of NaOH, depending on the specific industrial plant used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process of absorption of gases from a boiler countercurrent with a suspension of red mud, in a spray tower and a packed column. Experiments were performed varying the type of absorption tower, temperature of the liquid phase and solids content in liquid phase to evaluate the reduction in content of gases of combustion in the output of absorption tower and pH variation with time of operation, it was possible to identify the time required for the occurrence of red mud neutralization, and also a reduction in the content of carbon dioxide, thereunto were performed measurements of the concentrations of gasesin the input and output packed column, and also measurements of temperature and pH. The absorption of CO2 existing in the gases of combustion for suspension of red mud occurs by the carbonation process, where the gas reacts with NaOH present in red mud, with water as catalyst. The results obtained after the experiments were satisfactory, and it was concluded that the process performed in absorption towers is efficient for pH reduction of red mud and reducing the content of CO2 freed to atmosphere, providing a double profit for the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de ciprofloxacino e norfloxacino em solução aquosa por carvão ativado produzido a partir da casca do cupuaçu (theobroma grandiflorum)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-19) NASCIMENTO, Rafael Alves do; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9998
The extensive use of antibiotics has caused several negative consequences for the environment and human health. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), present in the aquatic environment, are of particular concern. This study investigated the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from cupuaçu bark (CAC), an unconventional and low-cost adsorbent. The CAC was characterized physicochemically and the adsorption experiments followed the Box-Behnken design, evaluating the effects of contact time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage on the removal and adsorption capacity of CIP and NOR. The optimal conditions of the adsorption process were determined by the desirability function, and under these conditions the kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic adsorption experiments were carried out. CAC showed a similar yield (50.22%) to other activated carbons with H3PO4, low humidity (4.81%) and ash (4.27%). Acidic functional groups were identified in CAC in greater quantities (3.982 mg Eq/g) than basic ones (0.092 mg Eq/g), and the pHPcz was found to be 3.85. A high surface area was quantified (1335.66 m²/g), with an average pore volume and diameter of 0.753 cm³/g and 2.206 nm, respectively. Due to the zwitterionic characteristics of CIP and NOR, adsorption was more efficient at pH 5.0. In this condition, the CAC assumes a basic character and as the CIP and NOR molecules are predominantly in their cationic forms, the electrostatic interaction is facilitated. The optimal conditions for CIP adsorption were: time of 266.40 min, concentration of 192 mg/L and dosage of 0.57 g/L; for NOR, 273.60 min, 186 mg/L and 0.55 g/L. The pseudo-second order (PSO) model and the external mass transfer resistance (EMTR) model best fitted the experimental data, indicating that external mass diffusion was the controlling step of adsorption. The Langmuir model indicated that adsorption occurred in a monolayer, with CIP adsorption capacities of 6.02 mg/g and NOR of 5.70 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of CIP and NOR on CAC predominantly involves physisorption. The suggested mechanism for the adsorption of CIP and NOR on CAC may involve electrostatic forces, π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds. CAC regeneration was more effective with NaOH, but after two cycles of use, the percentage of CIP and NOR removal decreased to less than 50%. Thus, CAC proved to be an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of CIP and NOR, also contributing to the reuse of cupuaçu biomass.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do processo de despolimerização de resíduos de resinas dentárias à base de pmma em diferentes escalas de produção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-26) RIBEIRO, Haroldo Jorge da Silva; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-4238
In recent years, the increasing use of plastics has brought economic and industrial benefits but has also led to a significant rise in waste, representing a global environmental challenge. In this context, pyrolysis emerges as a promising technology, offering potential solutions to address the growing problem of plastic waste and promote a more sustainable circular economy. This study investigated the thermal decomposition of dental waste based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), focusing on the thermodynamic characterization and optimization of pyrolysis processes at different production scales. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed that PMMA waste remains stable up to 200 ºC, with degradation starting as mass loss occurs beyond this temperature. Thermal decomposition was observed to occur in a single stage, with a decomposition peak at 366 ºC, within the range of 327 ºC to 405 ºC, primarily due to radical depolymerization under inert nitrogen and argon atmospheres. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed an endothermic peak between 370 ºC and 433 ºC, highlighting the complexity of the pyrolysis processes. The energy characterization showed specific values of 423 J/g for total heat, 1748 J/g for gasification heat, and approximately 820 J/g for decomposition heat, indicating discrepancies that require further investigation for a more complete understanding. In studies using semi-batch fixed-bed reactors, a temperature gradient along the bed was observed to have an adverse impact on the liquid yield and MMA concentration, especially in technical and pilot scales, where the gradient was more pronounced due to the thicker bed. Two critical variables were identified: reactor load and power load, both of which decreased as the process scale increased, leading to lower pyrolysis temperatures and negatively affecting MMA production. Additionally, higher temperatures were found at the edges of the fixed bed, which increased gas production and reduced liquid yield. The liquid fraction analysis revealed a predominance of MMA at the beginning of the reaction, with a gradual transition to aromatic hydrocarbons in the final stages, associated with the pyrolysis of residual char, which increased with the scale of production. The results highlight the effectiveness of temperatures below 450 ºC in producing MMA-rich liquid fractions, even under temperature gradient conditions, emphasizing the importance of moderate heating rates for efficient PMMA depolymerization in semi-batch systems. These findings provide valuable insights for reactor design and are essential for the economic evaluation and optimization of PMMA recycling processes through pyrolysis at various production scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise experimental do comportamento fluidodinâmico e da secagem de sementes de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-30) SANTANA, Elza Brandão; PINTO, Cláudio Roberto Orofino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4833991906165550; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
Flaxseed is the seed of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) is polymorphic native flax, and is considered one of the six plants currently recognized by the National Cancer Institute of the United States (U.S. National Cancer Institute - NCI) for their properties specific anti-cancer. Part of this recognition should be the remarkable characteristic of being the richest source of lignin precursors (vegetable steroid action analogous to the mammalian estrogen) in the human diet. The variety used in this work was the "Linseed" brown and objective of this study was to analyze the fluid-dynamics of spouted bed. The fluid-dynamics was defined by the measurements of the bed pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for different seeds loads, so getting information to determine parameters related to the process, such as: minimum spouting velocity, maximum pressure drop, stable spout pressure drop and minimum spouted pressure drop. These values were compared with the values obtained by empirical equations found in the literature. It was also studied the drying of raw material, through a full factorial design 22 with com three central point and the statistical analysis of the results were realized and the effects of independent variables spouting air temperature (Tg) and time (t) on the responses humidity ratio (Xr, adim.), germination (G, %) and germination speed index (GSI, t-1) were evaluated. The optimal operational point was determined as function of the entrance variables applying the concept of global desirability. The kinetics of drying was performed at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 °C, and the Midilli et al. model showed the best fitting to the experimental data. For the fluid-dynamic parameters showed that the correlation of Gorshtein and Mukhlenov (1965) showed the lowest deviations for minimum spouted pressure drop and pressure drop in the steady spouted, Abdelrazek (1969) showed the smallest deviation to the minimum spouting velocity and Pallai and Németh (1969) described adequately the maximum pressure drop. It was observed that the mass of seeds processed and air-spouted temperature exerted a significant influence on fluid-dynamic. Based on the statistical analysis of experimental noticed that all variable Tg e t are statistically significant for the responses: humidity ratio, germination and germination speed index, proposing models representative of these parameters with the presence of curvature, obtaining the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 99 %.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise experimental do processo de extração do óleo essencial de Puxuri [Licaria puchury-major (Mart.), Kosterm., Lauraceae] por arraste com vapor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-30) MAFRA, Eduardo de Souza; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
Analyse experimentally the extraction process of the essential oil of seeds and aerial parts of puxuri for drag with steam. The puxuri, [Licaria puchury-major (Mart.)] Kosterm., Lauraceae], is a species of the Amazon forest with great potential for the Bioproducts Industry (pharmaceu-ticals, cosmetics, food and natural pesticide) due to the presence of safrole in its essential oil. This work is an anatomical study and physical and chemical characterization of plant parts used for oil extraction. Studying the kinetics of drying of seeds, thin branches and leaves of puxuri and quantifies the influence of convective drying in fixed bed in safrole content and moisture content. Through statistically designed experiments, identify levels of process variables: mois-ture content, particle size and extraction time of samples of seed of puxuri, that optimize both answers the responses: in essential oil yield and content of safrole, its major component, within the experimental domain adopted and 90% confidence (α = 0.10) in the extraction process of the essential oil by steam drag. Chemically analyzed the essential oil of puxuri by GC-MS and iden-tifies the chemical composition in terms of their senior constituents. Using the gravimetric ap-proximation method static with concentrated solutions, desorption isotherms are obtained for puxuri seeds powder, in temperatures 15, 25 and 35ºC. The experimental data hygroscopic equi-librium, fits very well the GAB model, being estimated the heats of sorption liquid and inte-grals, in addition to the equilibrium moisture content in monolayer and other constants in the equation. Noted low toxicity of essential oil of puxuri and the solid residue of extraction can be used as material for the production of saponifiable transparent soaps to cold.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ativação alcalina para a produção de geopolímeros a partir de resíduo industrial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-02) BRITO, Woshington da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The sustainable construction of the future, and has low energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions must also adopt the principle of reuse of wastes impacting the environment generated by the productive chain. The aluminum production chain has as one of the leading waste impact on the environment the gray generation. The present study focused on the research and development of a cement-based material. Refers to an inorganic polymer, formed by the activation of amorphous aluminosilicates (Al2O3. SiO2), which react in a strongly alkaline medium, called geopolymer. As a raw material furnace fly ash, mineral residue from the combustion of the boilers of the company of the municipality of Barcarena-PA; As a source of aluminosilicate, and the kaolin that underwent the process of burning at 800 ºC that became metakaolin; And the alkaline medium of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), used as activators. As fly ash partially crystallizes during burning and loses some of its amorphous state, so are its reactive properties to chemically combine during the geopolymerization reaction are reduced. To increase reactive properties of fly ash and added metakaolin. As the main analyzes, no X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (FRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. Tests of resistance to compression of the traces in the hardened state were also carried out and the rheological test of the geopolymer was carried out at the start of the reaction in the fresh state. For Davidovits ratios in the range of 2.5 to 3.23, the best geopolymers with compressive strength were obtained reaching 25 MPa in 24 hours of cure. For 60 days of cure at room temperature the geopolymers reached a resistance of 45, 36 MPa. The research carried out through the characterization analysis of the samples and the mechanical and rheological tests were presented in a satisfactory way and demonstrated that the residues of fly ash and metakaolin, when activated with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, are an alternative for the possible application of Geopolymer materials in construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade de sementes Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp após processo de secagem em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03) CORUMBÁ, Lorena Gomes; COSTA, Cristiane Marial Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
The variety of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), known as manteiguinha beans, is native from Amazon region, the cultivation is mainly done by small producers dominated by family farms. The physiological quality of manteiguinha bean seeds, in concern to the germination and emergence rate index are directly connected to the moisture content of the seeds. Therefore, are required studies to evalute the behavior of seeds such as beans their potential hygroscopic and drying conditions. In intention for contribute to improvements in agricultural productivity cowpea, the main objective of this study was to qualitative evaluate of manteiguinha beans seeds behind drying process in conventional spouted bed. In this context, it was first defined the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of fresh seed according to obtain their moisture sorption isotherms at temperatures of 40, 55 and 70 °C. The thermodynamic parameters of sorption, as isosteric heat, and entropy change in Gibbs free energy were evaluated from the GAB model and through Clausius-Clapeyron and Gibbs-Helmholtz relations. The compensation theory enthalpy-entropy was properly applied to the isotherms indicating that the moisture sorption phenomenon in manteiguinha bean seeds is controlled by enthalpy. To carry on the drying process were defined operating conditions of the spouted bed trhough fluidodynamics parameters analysis (maximum pressure drop, pressure drop in stable spout, pressure drop in the minimum spouting and the minimum spouting velocity). In carry out of the drying tests were applied to experimental design technique Box-Behnken and through statistical analysis of the experimental data was possible to evaluate the influence of input variables: air temperature (Tar), air velocity (Uar) and time drying (t) on the responses, moisture ratio (XR), germination percentage (G) and emergence speed index (ESI). The optimal point of the drying process, estimated by global desirability function obtained when the bed particles operated at temperature and drying air rate of 57 °C and 0.934 m / s, respectively, for a period of 240 minutes. These conditions are obtained seeds with final humidity 0,12 kg water/ kg dry solid, germination of 82.53% and 14.73 and emergence speed index.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das condições de secagem no rendimento e na qualidade do óleo de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-20) VALENTE, Maria da Conceição da Costa; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0800747860976046
From Asian origin flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and belongs to the linaceae family and it is obtained from flax. It is considered a functional food, because it contains substances that may prevent diseases such as degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Flaxseeds are still a major lignans source, that are photochemical compounds similar estrogen, which it may performs cancer-preventative. In addition to being one of the richest sources of α-linolenic acid oil and soluble fibre. The drying is a unit operation, in general, usually means removal of relatively small amounts of water from material by evaporation or by sublimation, applying heat under control conditions. Aiming to analyze the behavior of flax seeds during the drying operation, this study aimed to perform the experimental design and statistically analyze the results used to quantify the influence of air temperature (T), drying time (t) fluidization air velocity (Uf) and solids loading (Cs) on the humidity ratio (Xr), oil yield (Rend.) and the parameters oleochemicals. The estimate of the optimal point of operation was determined according to the input variables by applying the concept of global desirability. Among the conditions set out in this work, the optimal value of the function you want and when T is shifted to high level (72 oC), Uf is shifted to high level (0,83 m/s), t you for the minimum (3h ) and Cs for the secondary level (500 g), thus obtaining: 0.126 to Xr, 36,92 % for Rend.; 4.51 mg KOH/g for IA, 22,52meq O2/g IP and 0,31% for DC. We obtained the sorption isotherms of flaxseed at temperatures 40, 60 and 80 °C. Six mathematical models were applied to analyze the experimental data. The enthalpy and differential entropy were determined by appying Clausius-Clapeyron and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, respectively. Peleg model and GAB model showed the best fit to experimental data. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to the isotherms, indicating that they are enthalpy - controlled. The flaxseed Drying were evaluated in a fixed and fluidized bed dryer, the experimental runs were done at temperatures 40, 60 and 80 °C. Five mathematical models were evaluated and the Midilli et al. model was found to be the best model for describing the flaxseeds drying behavior. It was observed that the effective diffusivity for the flaxseeds increased with increasing drying air temperature. The diffusivity dependence by temperature was described by the Arrhenius equation. It was estimated the activation energy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do processo de produção de etanol pela fermentação do caldo de mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-28) SOUZA, Leiliane do Socorro Sodré de; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The physico-chemical characteristics identified at sweet cassava root, was: moistures (%), fiber (%), protein (%), ash (%), total lipids (%), reducing sugars and total reducing sugars (%); the sap extract from sweet cassava root was characterized by pH, soluble solids (%), glucose and titratable acidity. This study used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. Was realized 15 tests that followed the conditions determined by the experimental design of Box- Behnken, with 3 independent variables: temperature (oC) (X1), pH (X2) and concentration of inoculum (g/L) (X3). The statistical analysis was performed with p>0,05. Through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was proposed a second order polynomial model to the alcohol content (ºGl), and by analysis of response surfaces it was determined the optimum condition to the fermentation of sap extract from sweet cassava root without addition of nutrients, on original substrate concentration of it (6,46 g/L): 28ºC (temperature), 4,88 (pH) and 10 g/L (inoculum concentration). Under these conditions a test was conducted, which aimed to raise the curves of cell growth (yeast), CO2 production, consumption of sugars and ethanol production, to better understand the process of fermentation broth of sweet cassava. Through the cellular growth curve was determined the duration of the exponential phase, using the method of linear regression; this step in this study occurred at different time intervals. The value found to μm was 0,05 h-1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Destilação fracionada do óleo essencial de P. aduncum L. rico em dilapiol
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-30) MARTINS, Gisele Luciana Domont; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
The species Piper aduncum L. is a shrubby plant, popularly known in the Amazon as monkey-pepper (spiked pepper). An essential oil, rich in dillapiol, can be extracted from this plant, which is of great economic interest for its insecticidal and pesticide action in agriculture. This biopesticide is an alternative to replace synthetic insecticides as it is from natural origin and does not cause damage to the environment and human health. In this paper the physical properties of the essential oil of spiked pepper were analyzed. The oil was obtained by steam distillation which showed mean values of refractive index of 1.516 and specific mass 1.08 g/cm³. The fractional distillation of the essential oil was studied, in order to concentrate the compound of interest, thus, adding greater economic value and enabling its use in the production of new products. In this process a high purity compound is obtained. The assessment was performed using a mathematical model to evaluate the concentration of dillapiol at the bottom of the distillation flask by regression analysis as a function of operating time which set the experimental data very well. The analysis of the results suggests that the process of fractional distillation can be used to separate the useful constituents from the essential oils. This is only possible because the essential oils are constituted of several volatile organic compounds with different boiling points and steam pressures, making the separation viable. The highest content of dillapiol obtained experimentally by the method of fractional distillation was 95 %, operating under vacuum conditions (40 mmHg) and mean temperature of the column of 122 ºC, and the average yield obtained was 41 % (v/v).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da adição de lama vermelha como carga nas propriedades mecânicas de compósitos de poliéster insaturado reforçado com fibra natural de curauá (Ananas erectifolius)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-11) OLIVEIRA, Mauro Júnior Aires de; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
Nowadays, due to the increasing need for good mechanical performance and due to the environmental issues, researchers have tried to replace synthetic fibers used in composites (such as glass fiber) for natural fibers. A natural fiber that has already been used in the automobile industry is the curaua fiber (Ananas erectifolius) which shows excellent tensile strength. Expecting to enhance some properties of the composites and to minimize the usage of resin, and this way minimize costs, it has been researched the utilization of fillers incorporated to composites matrices. In recent papers, it has been studied the utilization of red mud (waste of the bauxite industry) as filler due to the great availability, low cost and for being potentially dangerous to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate effects of red mud addition on the mechanical properties of Curaua fiber (Ananas erectifolius) reinforced composites. The results showed that the using of red mud as filler in volume fractions equal or higher than 20% and Curaua fiber in volume fraction of 5% was improved significantly the reinforcing effect.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equilíbrio líquido-líquido dos sistemas biodiesel de castanha do Brasil + metanol + (glicerina ou água): determinação experimental e modelagem termodinâmica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-18) GONÇALVES, Jefferson Dias; AZNAR, Martín; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5798321645560791; SANTOS, Geormenny Rocha dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0844662601945669
Biodiesel is defined as being a mixture of fatty esters derived of animal fats or vegetable oils, obtained through the process of transesterification with short chain alcohols. During the production is used a quantity in excess of alcohol and a catalyst to propitiate the formation reaction of esters; in this way the output flow of the reactor contains the catalyst, the unreacted alcohol and products obtained by transesterification, biodiesel and glycerin, forming a biphasic system; depending on the solubility of these compounds, will may there be amounts of biodiesel and glycerin-rich phase and quantities of glycerin in biodiesel-rich phase. During the process of purification of biodiesel it is necessary to accomplish a washing with water, to promote removal of the catalyst and impurities of the product of interest. Due to the amount of compounds involved in the production and purification is essential to know the liquid-liquid equilibrium data in order to predict the proportions in which the compounds coexist and subsequently, to proceed with purification under suitable conditions for obtaining biodiesel with greatest efficiency and to assist in the design of the reactor and tanks. The objectives of this work were to produce biodiesel from oleaginous plants native to the region, the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) and to establish liquid-liquid equilibrium data (ELL) to ternary systems: biodiesel of Brazil nut + methanol + glycerin and biodiesel of Brazil nut + methanol + water at temperatures of 30° C and 50° C. The biodiesel produced was initially characterized in accordance with the standards of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) using physicochemical methods. The data obtained were afterward correlated with NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models for the calculation of the coefficient of activity of each component in the liquid phase, with new energetic interaction parameters obtained. The results obtained from the modeling were satisfactory, and was observed that the NRTL model represented better the experimental data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo cinético e das isotermas de adsorção dos óleos de palma (Elaes guineensis, Jacq.) e andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) em y-alumina e modelagem da dessorção com dióxido de carbono supercrítico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-08) AMARAL, Anderson Rocha; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this work, the variables of the batch adsorption process of palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) and andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) vegetables oils on thermally activated alumina at 723,15 K and 923,15 K (y-alumina) has been investigated by analyzing the influence of temperature, time, mass of vegetable oil, mass of adsorbent on the adsorbent capacity. A kinetic model of second-order was proposed to modeling the adsorption capacity of free fatty acids (FFA). Capacity results of FFA of the crude palm oil on y-alumina AG.450 at 328.15 K and of the crude andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.650 at 323.15 K were obtained from the consecutive adsorption experiments and adjusted by isotherms of Langmuir e BET. The transfer mass model of TAN & LIOU (1989) was used to modeling the kinetic desorption of the palm oil from y-alumina AG.650 and of the andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.450 with supercritical carbon dioxide, evaluating the yields, errors, correlation coefficients and the residues of the desorbed oil mass versus predicted by the model.The study of the variables influence, over the adsorption capacity, presented negative correlation (with exponential behavior) to the variable mass of oil. The adsorbent mass influence, presented a positive correlation (with a linear behavior) and the temperature increase is favorable to the adsorption process. The total reduction of the FFA after three consecutive adsorptions of the crude palm oil on y-alumina AG.450 and after four consecutive adsorptions on -alumina AG.650 with andiroba oil, were 21.07 % and 40.29 %, respectively. The modeling of the FFA capacity to the palm oil with Langmuir model, presented a high experimental data prediction ability (R² = 0.9610), as well as to the andiroba oil with the BET model, which presented a high adjustment (R² = 0.9140). Tan & Liou model evidenced high prediction capacity of the desorption oil mass from γ-alumina for all experiments, minimum correlation coefficient of 0.9230 and magnitude residues of 10-1 grams. The yields, based on adsorbate initial mass, of the palm oil desorbed from y-alumina AG.650 at 20 MPa up to 30 MPa and 323.15 K up to 328.15 K were 28.880 % up to 34.563 %, while to the andiroba oil on y-alumina AG.450 at 15 MPa up to 25 MPa at 323.15 K were 14.108 % up to 27.972 %. The yields results shows that the increase of pressure and temperature are favorable to the supercritical desorption.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da incorporação de resíduos industriais, lama vermelha e caulim, nas propriedades de compósitos de matriz poliéster reforçados com fibras de juta e malva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-18) RIBEIRO, Maurício Maia; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-2287; CANDIDO, Verônica Scarpini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8274665115727809; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-0403
The Amazon region of Brazil is a major producer of bauxite and kaolin, with the state of Pará accounting for a large national share of the production of these materials. The processing of these raw materials generates considerable amounts of waste that is then stored in sedimentation ponds which can cause serious environmental damage, therefore it is very important to explore reasonable methods of utilizing the red mud and kaolin waste, and thus reduce their landfill volumes. Many recent studies have been conducted and presented various ways of comprehensive utilization of these wastes. Natural fiber reinforced composites with insertion of these industrial wastes have received increasing attention in recent decades, as good specific mechanical properties can be achieved and industrial wastes can be reduced and used in a useful form. In this work, polyester matrix composite materials reinforced by jute and mallow fibers in continuous configuration and aligned at 0° and 90° in the loading direction, and composite materials with insertion of industrial waste were manufactured. The polyester matrix used was a pre-accelerated orthophytalic and cured at room temperature with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1.0% by mass. The Jute and mallow fibers were manually cut in length of 300 mm and manually arranged in a continuous manner and aligned and without surface treatment. Fiber composites were produced by vacuum-assisted hand lay-up/vaccum-bagging procedure. The proportions of the fiber volume fraction have varied by 5, 15 e 25 %. The composites with kaolin and red mud residues were manufactured by a manual process in the form of silicone and pressed mold. The proportions of the mass fractions of waste have varied by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 %. The residues were characterized in terms of their physical, morphological and chemical aspects and the fibers in terms of their physical and mechanical aspects and the experimental values are similar to that presented from old newspaper. Just as the composites manufactured had their specific mass determined, which resulted in an increase in the average value of the specific mass of the composites with insertion of red mud and kaolin residues. In the case of composites reinforced with fibers of jute and mallow, there was a reduction in the average value when compared to the matrix. Tensile and shear properties were observed for the composites with industrial waste, red mud and kaolin. The composite 5RC exhibited tensile strength value closer to the matrix, as well as for 5RLV, 10RLV and 15 RLV which exhibited the same behavior. For shear strength the composites 10RLV and 15 RLV were closer to the matrix. As well as the composites reinforced with jute fibers 0° presented the highest tensile strength were 0J5, 0J15 and 0J25, exceeding in 2%, 150% and 166% the tensile strength of polyester. For the composites reinforced with mallow fibers 0° showed the highest tensile strength were 0M15 and 0M25, exceeding in 67% and 96% the tensile strength of polyester. For shear strength the composites reinforced with jute (0J15 and 0J25) and mallow (0M15 and 0M25) fibers exceeded the matrix in 201%, 206%, 71% and 144%, respectively. The tensile strength of the three-phase composites (0JRLV, 0JRC, 0MRLV and 0MRC) exceeded the matrix by 129|%, 100%, 54% and 21%, respectively. For shear strength they exceeded the matrix by 49%, 47%, 63% and 52%. Composites with 0-aligned fibers showed satisfactory mechanical behavior for application in composite materials presenting reinforcement characteristics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da influência da granulometria no comportamento reológico de polpa de bauxita e no fator de atrito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-14) BRUM, Sebastião Martins; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
This paper presents studies of the rheological characterization and determination of friction factors in three bauxite slurries originating in Miltonia Mine, Paragominas - Para, resulting from operating conditions with different degrees of grinding. Thus, the basic difference between them lies in the size distribution. The goal is to make a proposal to revise the specification of the product particle size (for the bauxite slurry pipeline), allowing a comparison with the slurries of the project (pilot plant) and the current operation (processing plant) and the response to changes, especially, viscosity and friction factors. The slurry proposal incorporates a higher percentage of fines (<10 microns) compared with other slurries. The benefits can earn recovery with the incorporation of this portion of fines, which currently is discarded to the tailings pond. The material was characterized by size analysis of the series Tyler, physical and physical-chemical, electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectrometry energy dispersive (EDS). Testes were conducted in coaxial cylinder viscometer, Searle type, in order to determine the rheological behavior of these slurries, depending on the size distribution and varying the concentration of solids. The rheological properties were measured viscosity, yield stress and also behaviors that show the dependence of viscosity with the time of application of a constant shear rate, verifying through the hysteresis curve, the presence or absence of thixotropy and reopexia. The experimental results showed that for the slurries tested, the particle size and solids concentration are important parameters in determining the viscosity. Tests with these three bauxite slurries of different sizes, were performed at predetermined concentrations, to determine the model whose rheological parameters showed the best correlation coefficients (R2), and the best fits were found using the Herschel-Bulkley model. The friction factors were obtained for formulations involving a logarithmic relationship, using the Law of the Wall as a method of obtaining these expressions apply to non-Newtonian viscoplastic fluid, and compared with those calculated by Dodge and Metzner correlation and found that in general there is agreement between the model studied in the three slurries. The factor analysis of friction in the concentration of 50% solids, which is the concentration of pumping by pipeline, shows that the behavior of the slurries studied is similar, with the best settings for the range from 10,000 to 100,000 Reynolds (average work range for the turbulent flow of the ore pulp, homogeneous and heterogeneous).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da sinterização em reator vertical de leito fixo: desenvolvimento de processo para produção de agregado sintético a partir de cinza volante e biomassa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-19) QUARESMA, Danielly da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
The synthetic aggregates have been employed in civil construction as a measure for the reduction of mineral extraction. Within this context, the recycling of industrial waste configured today as the basis of the majority of processes to reduce the exploitation of mineral resources. This paper presents the formulation of a process of environmental character and self-sustaining from an energy point of view parameters to develop a process for the production of synthetic aggregate from fly ash and biomass fixed bed reactor. Thus, for the production of aggregate pellets were made from a mixture of clay, fly ash and charcoal in fixed proportions. The reactor is filled with 20% pellets (6.35 mm > pellet ≥ 4 mm) and 80% charcoal (3.36 mm > carbon ≥ 1.70 mm) rated for promoting the efficiency of combustion reactions and subsequent sintering process at different air velocities (Darcy at 20 °C) of 0.0059 m.s-1 (1º Experiment), 0.0098 m.s-1 (2º Experiment) and 0.017 m.s-1 (3º Experiment). By means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was identified the presence of mullite in synthetic aggregate. This material is characterized as lightweight aggregate, in accordance with current standards. With synthetic aggregates manufactured to lightweight concrete, according to the established standard, without structural function in civil construction, but with applications of moderate resistance and may be used in the counterfloor. The process if showed interesting for the sintering of aggregates with good adhesion to the matrix of cement, and can easily be controlled by composition, granulometry, temperature gradient and gaseous flow, reducing environmental impacts, to the extent that the material produced implies in not extraction of natural aggregates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da técnica de infusão de resina aplicada à fabricação de compósitos de matriz poliéster reforçados por fibras naturais da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-26) RODRIGUES, Jean da Silva; FUJIYAMA, Roberto Tetsuo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3165747089941318; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
In this work were produced unsaturated polyester composites reinforced by fibers of curaua, jute and raffia, arranged in the form of fabric in plan style and aligned fibers. The composites were manufactured by resin infusion process, studying the main parameters that govern the manufacturing method, such as permeability and porosity of the reinforcement and architecture of infusion. Natural fibers were characterized according to their physical, morphological and mechanical properties. The curaua fiber reinforced composites were made using fibers in nature and treated by an alkaline NaOH solution at different concentrations. The composites were characterized in tests of tensile and impact strength, beyond of the determination of their physical properties such as density, porosity and volume fractions of the constituents. The results showed that the composites obtained better performance in tensile and impact were those reinforced with aligned curaua fibers manufactured under vacuum of 101.3 kPa. The evaluation of the cross section of the specimens showed that composites can provide partial saturation of wires or fiber reinforcement due to the vacuum level used mainly in reinforcements in the form of fabric with relatively larger diameter wires. The infusion process proved to be a good method of making composites reinforced with natural fibers, because in addition to being more environmentally friendly because it is a closed mold process, enabled the manufacture of products with high fiber content and good mechanical properties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da utilização de polímeros naturais como auxiliares de floculação no tratamento de água para fins industriais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-27) SILVA, Juliane da Silva e; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376
This work is to evaluate the effectiveness of new alternatives for use with natural species of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed angico red (Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speng) and seed-eye dragon (Adenanthera pavonina L.) also known as ‘falso angico’, sprayed with a particle size of 0.074 mm, sieving for water treatment as natural polymers, helping the flocculation on removal of main parameters in turbidity and color through tests in the scanner equipment using Jar Test static bench adding a chemical coagulant (aluminium sulfate). The powder of polymers were obtained after washing, drying, crushing, grinding, sieving, and used in the coagulation process, flocculation and sedimentation to test the efficiency of each one, when used alone and when used in conjunction with the chemical coagulant, followed by the analysis of physical-chemical parameters pH, turbidity, apparent color, true color and temperature. The results showed that the polymer of okra presented better efficiency in removing turbidity and color compared to the same doses used with other polymers considered and when reducing the dosage of coagulant used in conjunction with the polymers, it was observed a great removal of turbidity, especially with the conjunction of coagulant and polymer of okra, with the removal efficiency of 94% of turbidity and 98% of color with optimum dosage of okra equal to 1.0 mg/L and coagulant equal to 10 mg/L. Therefore it is possible to reduce the dosage of the coagulant when used in conjunction with the auxiliary flocculation, as the polymer of okra can be used for water treatment and facing the possibility of multiple economic and ecological uses in industry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de misturas de enzimas (complexo celulásico, complexo enzimático, xilanase, β-glucanase e xilanase, β-glucosidase e Glucoamilase) na bioconversão do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar em etanol
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) MOREIRA, Rosiane Fernandes; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This work, it was proposed to evaluate mixtures of commercial enzymes by supplier Novozymes A / S. The enzymes used in this work were: celulase complex, xylanase, β-glucosidase, enzymático complex, xylanase and β-glucanase and glucoamylase in the glucose production from sugarcane bagasse subjected to treatment with alkali hydroxide solution sodium at room temperature, 70 ° C, 90 ° C and 120 ° C. The BCA yield on a dry basis after treatment with NaOH solution 6 (w / v) were 30.64% ± 1.395 (PACTA), 44.00% ± 1.787 (PAC70), 65.91% ± 1.096 (PAC90), and 95.25% ± 1.461 (CAP 120), respectively. The ash content for the BCA were 2.05% ± 0.027 (PACTA), 0.62% ± 0.013 (PAC70), 0.48% ± 0.007 (PAC90) and 0.18% ± 0.008 (PAC120). The lignin contents were 20.67 ± 0.603 (PACTA), 13.03 ± 0.711 (PAC70), 6.05 ± 0.196 (PAC90) and 5.49 ± 0.151 (PAC120). The results suggest that the conversion rates of cellulosic waste into glucose are strongly dependent on temperature in the alkaline pulping process. The kinetic parameters obtained in kinetic adjustments enzymatic hydrolysis of the BCA for PACTA, PAC70, PAC90 and PAC120 were: Vmax (g/h) equal to 7.20; 5.12; 4.54 and 0.87 respectively; Km (g) equal to 3.6; 2.56; 2.27 and 2.56 respectively; Kcat (h) equal to 1.44; 1.02; 0.91 and 0.17 respectively; Km/Vmax equal to 0.5 for all samples and Kcat/Km of 0.4 for all samples.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo eletroquímico de ligas metálicas alumínio-silício em meio ácido
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-30) SANTOS, Luana Santana dos; CARDOSO FILHO, José Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7033790503322903
The alloys based on aluminum-silicon have low specific weight, good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, have been widely used as substitutes for some ferrous alloys in manufacturing parts for various industries. In this research we studied the electrochemical behavior of aluminum and aluminum-silicon alloys 0.3 and 0.7% by mass in electrolytes sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, both at 0.1 mol/L. The results of electrochemical techniques showed that the Si caused a shift to more positive values corrosion potential was observed a region of passivity anodic curves of the electrodes in sulfuric acid, this phenomenon was not observed in hydrochloric acid. The Nyquist diagrams show two arcs, a capacitive region of high frequencies related to the formation of the layer oxidizes and an inductive at low frequencies attributed to adsorption of anions on the metal surface, the similarities in the diagrams show that the electrochemical phenomena are identical and independent addition of Si. The impedance diagrams also showed low polarization resistance of the alloys Al-Si. Considering only the electrochemical studies it can be stated that the electrodes did not show significant differences between themselves and susceptibility to corrosion in these acidic solutions does not imply a negative feature to your application.