Dissertações em Recursos Hídricos (Mestrado) - PPGRH/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/10533
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da capacidade de autodepuração da bacia do Tucunduba(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SILVA, Andréa Maria Alves Gomes da; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755The existence of organic matter in a watercourse results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen. This is due to the processes of stabilization of the organic matter made by the bacteria decomposers, which use the oxygen available in the liquid medium for their respiration. The decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen has several implications from the environmental point of view, constituting one of the main problems of water pollution. In view of this problem, this work aims to know the behavior of the autodepuration phenomenon in the Tucunduba River Basin in Belém-PA using the Streeter-Phelps model.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Construção e mapeamento de índice de qualidade de águas subterrâneas em Porto Velho(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) NASCIMENTO, Gerson Flôres; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893This work was carried out an area about 100 km2 in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Porto Velho - RO, where samples of groundwater of 119 wells were collected; Whose main objective was the elaboration of a groundwater quality index (IQAS). For this study, 24 variables (Electrical Conductivity, ORP, TDS, Salinity, Bicarbonate, Air Temperature, Water Temperature, Turbidity, Sulphate, Chloride, Water Hardness, Resistivity, Static Level, Ca Ion, pH, Nitrate, OD, M Ion (??), Na Ion, Ammonia Ion, Fe ion, Fluor, Mn Ion and K Ion), which were obtained from secondary data of the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM). The information on the contents of the studied parameters were analyzed in electronic spreadsheets where they received critical and statistical validation. From the mathematical relationships, the IQAS values were calculated using the factorial analysis technique, where it was identified that the variables that most influenced in its formation were Salinity, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, Chloride, Water Hardness and Calcium. From the IQA calculated for each sample, the ordinary kriging technique was applied to produce the IQAS thematic map. With the results of this research it was possible to identify the demographic densification zones of the urban perimeter of Porto Velho with a higher or lower index of groundwater quality.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diagnóstico ambiental de nascentes: um estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) FARIAS, Marília Gabriela de Sena; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594The water problem over the years has gained importance in the national scenario,In this context, the State of Pará, despite having an abundance of water resources, has been in charge of these discussions, as has happened in the mobilization of the Marapanim river basin committee. The Marapanim river basin, located in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Marapanim, has clearly undergone several processes of environmental degradation, especially in its springs located in urban perimeters, it is evident that these have suffered a strong anthropic influence. Due to the local importance and the need for preservation of the sources, this research aims to carry out the environmental diagnosis in the sources of the Marapanim-Pará river basin, based on a proposal of a macroscopic environmental assessment and with the perception of residents around the springs, and the actors involved in the formation of the Marapanim river basin committee. Based on this, analyzes of the environmental quality of six sources of the Marapanim river basin were carried out. The diagnosis used the methodology of Gomes et al. the 2005, in which macroscopic parameters were taken into consideration for the study, including the apparent color of water, odor, trash, floating materials, vegetation, presence of oils and sewage, protection of springs, type of insertion area where they were located, proximity to residences and their uses (both by humans and by animals). In the study area, it was observed that of the six sources investigated ten points obtained a diagnosis of their macroscopic parameters of Bad and one point was characterized as Bad. As for turbidity, the most compromised source studied through this parameter was the Pirapema spring, which obtained 179 (UNT), a high degree of degradation was observed, as there is a strong occurrence of sewage discharge, as well as degradation of the riparian forest has influence of the urbanization, translated by means of disordered occupation. The perception of the people interviewed, when questioned if they identified problems with the sources, the majority (92.59%) of the interviewees, affirmed that yes. At the end of the study it was suggested the recovery of four springs and management of two of the six springs studied.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade da água do Rio Pericumã e sua relação com ocupação urbana em Pinheiro - MA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) GOMES, João Nilson Silva; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755The research was developed from September / 2015 to February / 2017 and had the objective of diagnosing and analyzing the waters of the Pericumã River in the city of Pinheiro-MA, under physico-chemical and microbiological aspects, essentially important in the characterization of water quality supply and homes. The collections were monthly at three points along the river. The analyzed parameters were: temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity. Microbiological parameters were: total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria and Escherichia coli. According to the results obtained it is concluded that there is a seasonal variation of the water quality of the Pericumã river in the physical-chemical parameters. Brazilian urban environments are characterized by the progressive concentration of the population, configured by a disorderly and accelerated growth that causes significant impacts on the environment, with actions that are not committed to the natural, sociocultural and urban aspects of their landscapes. Above all, due to inappropriate and improper appropriations of space for urban occupations. The landscape is subject to intense environmental fragility due to significant changes in morphogenesis, as occurs in the city of Pinheiro - MA, which represents a regional center in the center of the Maranhense Bay, where about 60% of the population lives in the urban environment of the municipality. In view of this, this research has the purpose of diagnosing the areas with socioenvironmental fragilities, of floodplain areas and urban perimeter.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A qualidade das águas subterrâneas da cidade de Salvaterra, Marajó - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RIBEIRO, Ronaldo Pimentel; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755The present study verified the quality of groundwater in the city of Salvaterra located in the island of Marajó-Pará. The registration of 20 wells (18 tubular and 2 amazons) was carried out in five neighborhoods of the region (Caju, Centro, Paes de Carvalho, Marabá and Coqueirinho) In order to present results about the hydrogeological characteristics, physicochemical and microbiological analyzes, the samples were collected in two seasonal periods, being in the months of April (rainy period) and November (less rainy period). The main objective of this research was to outline an overview of the groundwater situation of the 20 registered wells used by the population of Salvaterra. The hydrogeological characterization of the study area was based on the descriptive analysis of four wells with 80 meters of depth of COSANPA. The results obtained were a lithologic composite profile, a composite lithologic section, a three dimensional model of hydroestratigraphy, a section composed of the geometric aspects of aquifers, two static level diagrams and two three dimensional models of seasonality. To determine the groundwater quality, the following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, iron, fecal coliforms and total coliforms. For the analysis of the COSANPA water treatment system, free chlorine was included. The results obtained were compared with the potability standards, according to Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914. For the interpretation of the results, 12 charts of variation of values and 12 maps of isovalues and isoteores were elaborated in the seasonal periods. The pH was considered acid with maximum value of 5.9. The hardness presented soft, moderate and hard degrees in the CaCO3 composition of the groundwater. The chemical contaminations presented in the nitrate values reached 74% of the contaminated wells in the rainy season and the iron values with high concentrations in the COSANPA wells up to 3.5 mg/L. The microbiological contaminations were manifested by the presence of fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli) and total coliforms. During the rainy season, the presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 63% of the wells studied and 89% in total coliforms. In the less rainy period, Escherichia coli and total coliforms were present in 21% and 47% of the wells respectively. The results of these analyzes confirm a higher degree of contamination of nitrate, and of fecal and total coliforms of these groundwater, prevailing in greater amounts of the rainy season.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas do bairro Centro do município de Marituba - PA e sua relação com as principais fontes potenciais de poluição(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) ROCHA, Ádria Lorena Galdino de Almeida; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755The water crisis is one of the most important social problems of the current decade. Surface water sources are increasingly polluted and groundwater is assuming an important role in human supply. The objective of this work is to analyze the shallow groundwater quality and the geometry of the flows of these waters in the central area of the Marituba district to show their relation with the potential sources of pollution. For this purpose, nineteen groundwater samples were collected from shallow wells in the central district of the municipality of Marituba. Thirty physico-chemical parameters including fifteen heavy metals were analyzed. From the results, tables, graphs and maps of isovalores distributed in the studied area were elaborated. The analyzed waters showed physical and chemical qualities that are not recommended for human consumption. Two parameters are particularly important in this context. The pH values show that, in the rainy season, about 95% of the samples showed pH values outside the drinking water range of Ordinance 2914/11 / MS. While, for the less rainy period, 79% of the samples showed pH values outside the limits of the Ordinance. Fieldwork has shown a great lack of basic sanitation in the area and the discharge of open sewage that can interact through surface runoff with underground springs. Acidic pH values can lead to corrosion in pipes and gastric diseases in humans and are therefore not suitable for human consumption. The other parameter with content above the recommendations of Ordinance 2914/11 / MS is nitrate, with 63.15% of the analyzed samples showing values above 10mg/L. This characterizes these waters as unfit for human consumption and is interpreted as evidence of contamination by liquid effluents (mainly domestic sewage) in the surface waters that interact with the groundwater, added to the presence of septic tank and lack of basic sanitation. All this is added to a shallow static level in these areas, often less than 5 meters and sometimes sub-outcropping. The Piper diagram was constructed and it showed that these waters are characterized as calcium bicarbonated. The study of groundwater flows allowed to identify the influence of potential sources of pollution of the area, with emphasis on a chemical industry existing in the southwest sector of the area. For public supply it is suggested to construct deeper wells that exploit water from confined aquifer units. For this, an alternative water supply proposal for the population of Marituba is presented at the final cost of m³ or 1000 liters of groundwater of R $ 0.124.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas na Ilha de Cotijuba – Belém / PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) HANNA, Leila Maria Miranda; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397The Island Cotijuba, approximately 12000 inhabitants and 60 km2, is bordered the Marajó Bay and Mamão hole. In much of the area occupied on the island, the sanitation is poor, with effluents in the soil or in cesspits, with the potential risk of contamination of groundwater, captured through shallow wells, for multiple uses, especially domestic consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the water aquifer for human consumption; were analyzed temperature, pH, eletrical conductivity, turbidity, apparent color, total alkalinity, NH4+, N-NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, total hardness, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The waters were characterized as the predominant ions and potability standards (2914/2011 / MS). Eighteen water wells were collected, with depths ranging from 4 to 33 m, held in April, August and November 2015, corresponding to the rainy season, transition and less rainy, respectively. They were measured in pH field, temperature, electrical conductivity and water level of wells. The other analyzes were performed in the laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). The topographic elevation was measured for making the Preferential direction of shallow groundwater flow map, having noticed that the central part of the island, toward, is composed of ground water recharge zone and the zone southwest (SW) is discharge area. The water is chlorinated with sodium, acidic and low mineralization, with a median of electric conductivity (EC), about 47μS / cm and pH ranging from 3.7 to 5.4; the highest levels of chemical constituents occur in the SW and northeast (NE) Island. They were obtained strong positive correlation ratios between sodium and chloride, and from ammonium and pH. Some wells showed parameters outside the potability standard, with wide variation, as the color (1 to 341 uH), turbidity (0.2 to 58.3 uT), chloride (1.06 to 255.24 mg / L Cl), iron (0.01 to 10.66 mg / L Fe) and ammonium (0.01 to 9 mg / L NH4+); total coliform occur in 67% of the transition period the samples to 100% of the rainy; E. coli was reported in 20% of samples of the rainy season and 29% of less rain. The nitrate was less than 10 mg / l NO3--N, maximum 6.9 mg / L. These values are associated with the sanitation system in situ and well built without proper techniques.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas: estudo de caso no Distrito de Icoaraci - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-12) CRESPIM, Renata da Costa e Silva; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397This research had as objective to analyze the quality of the groundwater in the neighborhood Parque Guajará, Icoaraci-Pa. Septic tanks were considered as potential sources of contamination, with emphasis on the detection of nitrogen compounds. The wells studied have depths ranging from 6 to 24 meters and capture water from the Barreiras aquifer. Four shallow groundwater samples were collected in 15 wells during the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and less rainy (august 2016 and october 2016). The following physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed: pH, chloride, sodium, electrical conductivity, nitrite, ammonium, nitrate, Escherichia coli and total coliforms. The analyzes were made at the Evandro Chagas Institute. The results were compared to the maximum values allowed by Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914/11. The interpretation of the data was based on seasonal variations and isovalues maps. The bacterias Escherichia coli and total coliforms were detected in the rainy season in 33.33% and 40% of the waters, respectively. The pH ranged from 3.93 to 6.22 during the rainy season and from 3.95 to 6.42 in the less rainy season. Chloride and sodium presented maximum values of 68.46 mg/ L and 68.41 mg/ L, respectively. The electrical conductivity reached its maximum value of 527 μS/cm following the elevation of sodium and chloride values. Ammonium ranged from 0.00 mg/L to 6.01 mg/L, with maximum value in the rainy season. Nitrite was more expressive in the less rainy period, with values reaching 0,44 mg/L. Nitrate (N-NO3-) was present in all sample periods ranging from 0.91 mg/L to 64.03 mg/L. The nitrate contents found in the samples reached levels higher than allowed by legislation, being 80% and 86.67% in the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and 66.67% and 80% in the less rainy season (august / 2016 and october / 2016). The nitrification process was identified in 13.33% of the sampled waters. In january / 2016 (rainy season) and august / 2016 (less rainy season) the waters presented sodium bicarbonated characteristics. To the ionic classification, in may / 2016 (rainy season) the predominance was sodium sulphated water and in october / 2016 (less rainy period), sodium chlorated water. In the research area, the high levels of nitrate in shallow groundwater were attributed to the presence of septic tanks, the absence of technical criteria for the construction of wells and the circulation of domestic animals around the wells of water catchment for human consumption.