Navegando por Área de Concentração "SOCIOLOGIA E ANTROPOLOGIA"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 32

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agarrada nos jogos de identidade quilombola: representatividade, conflitos e resistência no Arquipélago do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-05) SANTOS, Paulo Henrique Santos dos; ZAMPARONI, Valdemir Donizette; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9786959916347562; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This study addresses Agarrada, a traditional wrestling practice featured in the Quilombola Identity Games in the Marajó Archipelago, focusing on the communities of Salvaterra, Pará. The work explores how this practice, beyond its playful and competitive aspects, serves as a space for identity reaffirmation, as well as symbolic and political resistance. Agarrada, deeply integrated into the daily lives of the quilombola people, is analyzed from different perspectives, ranging from its symbolic value to the tensions and narrative disputes surrounding it. The research also investigates the land and territorial conflicts faced by the quilombola communities, relating them to the practice of Agarrada, which becomes a reflection of ongoing political and social struggles. The methodology includes interviews with quilombola leaders, participant observations during the games, and documentary analysis, highlighting the importance of Agarrada not only from a sporting perspective but as a symbol of resistance and community mobilization. The study concludes that the quilombola struggle transcends the realm of physical competition, representing a form of resistance against exclusion and the erasure of the ancestral heritage of Salvaterra's quilombola communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arena pública, dominação e resistência em um território amazônico: o fórum de desenvolvimento sustentável das ilhas de Belém-PA (2006-2020)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-24) LOPES, João Luiz da Silva; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255
This study discusses the way in which island riverside communities in the cities of Belém and Acará, state of Pará-Brazil, mobilized and participated in the Public Arena / Forum of Sustainable Development of the Islands, to claim their rights regarding health, education, sanitation, water supply, public security, electric / solar energy, income generation and overcome its invisibility. To analyze this problem, was adopted as a framework for analysis the sociological approach to collective action by Daniel Cefaï, Veiga and Mota (2011), which privileges the local situations that are at the origin of the constitution of public arenas. The study requires a descriptive qualitative approach in which the collection of information / data was carried out through informal conversation; participant observation in events such as: meetings, deliveries of food baskets, toys and school supplies, visits and collective initiatives; documents research (project, plans, reports and meeting minutes); and open interviews with active people from the island riverside communities, the government, religious institutions, NGOs of research and extension. The results indicate that in a territorial context historically marked by clientelistic socio-political relations, it is reasonable to consider this experience of participation and mobilization as an important event, which constitutes political education, with the necessary learning towards the inclusion of this subordinated segment in the decision-making process regarding public policies of their interest. This mobilization benefited from the essential support of technicians from public agencies, specialists from universities and politicians from the progressive field to encourage the complaint against injustices inherited from colonization, maintained and updated by the domination system, with perverse effects impregnated in the set of relations with the active people of the local power system - what is called coloniality. The mobilization faced resistance from a certain conception that it sees as island riverside communities as backward and doomed to disappear. The strategies of the riverside people have contributed to the politicization of local challenges, but have been limited by several elements, such as the absence of an innovative legal apparatus, disregard for the unequal conditions of participation, the use of inadequate methodologies, the lack of appreciation of the work of translators / mediators, the lack of recognition of the subject's diversity of ontologies, an incomprehension of the different cosmologies and epistemologies, factors that worked as barriers to mobilize and also question the traditional domination system on which local power is based.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Braz é (e) quem ‘a faz’: paisagens de poder, experiências e apropriações na avenida Braz de Aguiar, em Belém (PA), Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-31) OLIVEIRA, Enderson Geraldo de Souza; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
In this research, I observe some subjects' experiences on Avenida Braz de Aguiar, in the neighborhood of Nazaré, which is considered destined for the middle bands of Belém do Pará, Amazon. Taking into account that landscapes are procedural constructions (SANSOT, 1983; SILVEIRA, 2004; ECKERT, 2009; ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013), I paid attention mainly to the establishment of “power landscapes” (ZUKIN, 1996), which are attractions and / or are consistent with the subjects' practices. Such powers, especially the economic one, are expressed by habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983), perceptible throughout Ethnography of Street (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013) and Ethnography of Duration (ECKERT and ROCHA, 2013). At the street, services were and still are aimed for financially privileged layer of the city, with greater purchasing power and status, something fundamental in building and maintaining a certain “distinction” in the context of Belen. Braz, then, becomes a “socially hierarchical geographic space” (BOURDIEU, 2007), in which leisure (VEBLEN, 1965) seems to be more achievable, but not for everyone. Together, this points out to the establishment of specific processes of sociability and sociation (SIMMEL, 1983) in the urban world of Belen, in which it is also necessary to discuss the “aristocratic” way in which some individuals adhere/(re)create such contemporary urban physiognomy and how the avenue is referred to and represented on social media.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Castanhal: a “cidade modelo”, os caminhos e descaminhos do projeto de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-20) CRUZ, Laiane Helena Silva da; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8464
Inspired by developmentalism ideas, the Brazilian government implemented several public policies during the second half of the last century intending to promote economic growth, fueled mainly by industrialization. After the 1964 coup d’état, to integrate the Amazon region to the rest of the country, the government adopted several public policies such as road construction and generous tax incentives. This region, which was seen as an empty space by the State, began to attract thousands of migrants in search of plots of land. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to assess the role of the State in the municipality of Castanhal within a political scenario driven by the ideology of development. The city of Castanhal, located in the state of Pará, is analyzed considering three different periods: its creation associated with the construction of the railway station of Bragança-PA, the revitalization of its downtown, and the creation of the Cupiúba rural settlement. This study was carried out based on bibliographic research and literature review about the history of Castanhal and its surrounding area (Bragantina region), as well as on socio-demographic, economic, and agricultural indicators collected from the following databases: SIDRA and Atlas Brasil. The results indicate that Castanhal stands out positively among the other municipalities that were crossed by the Bragança railway due to a set of investments the city received during the analyzed periods. On the other hand, concerning the social reproduction of farmers in rural settlements, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome. The State’s neglect, to which they are subjected, and the creation of the Cupiúba settlement as a palliative measure in response to their land occupation reveal how familiar farming is devalued by public authorities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
‘Cria(da)s’, ‘Casadas’: “meninas”, “circulação” e “entrega” em Breves (Marajó)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-30) CASTRO, Avelina Oliveira de; GONÇALVES, Telma Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7335593537033167; MOTTA-MAUÉS, Maria Angelica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7861116876230464
The presented thesis identifies and reads, anthropologically, narratives and livings of "circulation" and "deliver" of female adolescents, around sexuality, built in the day-to-day, in Breves town, in Marajó. Its an etnography that has been realized between the years of 2016 and 2020, in the refered town, using as methodology, the direct and participant observation. The research contemplated as main interlocutors 36 people being 26 women and 10 men, besides listening dynamics in conversation wheel another 26 adolescents – 15 girls and 11 boys – and another 18 children from public schools and also a number of residents with whom there has been coliving, observation and listening throughout the period of realization of the research in the field. Through theorical references from feminism and studies of coloniality it has been observed and analyzed inside the process of circulation, enlarged in this thesis, the movemente of deliver, not only of "crias de família" but also the deliver of teenage girls to the marital purposes. Both movements – and rituals – of delivery possibilitate visualizing relationships crossed by reflexes of Brazilian colonization, observed, in a type of "enslavery culture", but also by relationships of coloniality in all of its dimensions, such as genre, once these dynamics are, mainly, with girls, in a process that objetifies them, but in which also can be observed their actions in the sense of confrontation and resistence to the lived opressions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Curt Nimuendajú e as narrativas míticas tembé: Revisitando uma produção etnográfica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-04) SANTOS, Glaucia Silva dos; MORAES JÚNIOR, Manoel Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2429279552706202; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6986-7671
Revisiting an ethnography by Curt Nimuendajú that integrates a repertoire of mythical narratives of the Tembé Tenetehara indigenous group constitutes the research base of this dissertation. The ethnographer Curt Nimuendajú, a German who migrated to Brazil in 1903 and became, over forty years, an expert connoisseur of indigenous groups, published in 1915 in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie the text Sagen der Tembé-Indianer (Pará und Maranhão) in which he gathered ten mythical narratives of the Tembé Tenetehara. In this way, the present dissertation proposed to know about the context and the methodological orientations that allowed the production of such ethnography at the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, the research followed a biographical perspective of Curt Nimuendajú, which helped to visualize the course of his initial training in the field of study on indigenous populations, allowing to know the context of the ethnographic encounter with the Tembé Tenetehara in two moments, the first being in the mediations of the SPILTN's indigenist policies in the Gurupi River region, and the second in the dependencies of the religious mission of the Lombard Capuchins in the Pará municipality of Igarapé-Açú. In both contexts, Nimuendajú's ethnographic agenda focused on knowledge of the Tembé language and cosmology, research endeavors that were in line with the guidelines of German ethnology in vogue at the time through salvage ethnography, which he knows from the works of the German Americanists who are referenced in their ethnographies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“O desvio no olhar”: o fenômeno da invisibilidade social das pessoas em situação de rua no espaço urbano de Belém.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-06) RODRIGUES, Flávia Pingarilho; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
Social invisibility is described as a phenomenon of denial about the existence of an individual through a stigma, a prejudice: it exists physically, however it does not exist socially. Thus, as it is not being seen as part of society, he cannot be considered a citizen, thus enjoying his rights. The research aims to investigate, from the sociological point of view (BOURDIEU, 2002; SENNETT, 2004; HONNETH, 2006; SOUZA, 2003), how social invisibility happens and how a homeless person is socially “erased” to the point of not having documentation that guarantee their well-being in the midst of public space. The Ver-o-Peso Market region, in Belém do Pará, is the research location. It is an environment of intense commercialization and tourism, in which a significant portion of these homeless people transit. The methodology will be qualitative, involving informal and semi-structured interviews with homeless people, local marketers and volunteers from the Sopão – a charity group; survey of quantitative data and bibliography to analise the case study on the theme of social invisibility in the city of Belém. Invisibility, as well as visibility, are ramifications of the same root, since the decision of what is or is not socially visible is established depending on what society, called here as normative, establishes in what is desirable to exist or not, when the the presence of the different offers threats to this society, ranging from: simple visual discomfort to the denial of the right to exist of an individual in public urban space, thus coerced through symbolic and physical violence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espaços da morte na vida vivida e suas sociabilidades no cemitério Santa Izabel em Belém-Pa: etnografia urbana e das emoções numa cidade cemiterial.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-27) RODRIGUES, Elisa Gonçalves; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
Death permeates several fields of human experience in physical and imaginary terms, therefore, individual, collective and social. Such a construction surrounds the subjects, their relationships and social markers, as well as the social position in which certain individuals occupy, in this case, arranged in what I call the cemetery city. Therefore, this dissertation aims to identify how the emotions and experiences, experienced and reported, mostly by workers and passers-by of this cemetery city, embody, impact and influence their daily lives, working with and for death. Through the perspectives produced with workers, passers-by and users of Campo Santo, through an ethnography in the urban cemetery context, anchored in the three anthropological dimensions that interest me most directly - Emotions, Urban and Death -, I walked through the streets of the cities of the living and the dead considering their broader sensoriality (evoked by the sensitive, the imaginary and the rites), under listening and participant observation in the routine of the collective dates of strong symbolic reverberation of/in the Santa Izabel Cemetery. Through wandering through the cemetery streets I realized that those who circulate within the necropolis experience death in a joint experience with life in perspective of interaction with death. At burials, at symbolic-collective dates, and at other times referred to in this research, I noticed the ambience of the place that the city of the dead occupies in the city of the living, and reciprocally. In view of this, the research in question, through ethnography focused on the sensitive in the cemetery context, anthropoetry and street ethnography, opens space for reflections that consider the look of the subjects who handle death and understand it as a place in their lives, whether at work or outside of it, and thus dimension the borders that touch the day-to-day life of the necropolis, which reach beyond the limits of the Amazonian cemetery city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Essa casa não é do INCRA, essa casa é minha”: efeitos funcionais e simbólicos do crédito habitacional em uma Resex marinha da Amazônia.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-01) ALVES, Débora Melo; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the implementation of the Housing Credit of the II National Program for Agrarian Reform (II PNRA) in the Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve (REMCT), which enabled the construction of housing for a portion of the population. REMCT is located in the municipality of Bragança, and it is a territory where fishermen and crab catchers live. This analysis seeks to identify how the local dynamic affects and modifies the functional propositions of housing, which is also constituted by its symbolic dimension, which is inscribed in the life history of the actors and in the way of living in a Resex; and, if the housing policy in question enabled gains in the quality of life of those contemplated by it. The methodology used is predominantly qualitative, based on a bibliographical review, on the analysis of interviews with REMCT residents, leaders and technicians, and on minutes and official documents. Quantitative data collected on official bases are used in a complementary way, with a view to emphasizing the main issues highlighted in the interviews. With regard to the theoretical field, I start from the perspective of sociology that makes it possible to analyze the relations between State and society, highlighting the importance of actors, processes and structures, with emphasis on the social dimension (CORTÊS and LIMA, 2012), and through this approach allow to refine the understanding of the role of social groups, whose interactions have powers to influence the strategies, projects and results of public policies (LASCOUMES and LE GALÈS, 2012). The results have shown that the II PNRA Housing Credit policy has the potential to reduce inequalities, because the construction of housing for impoverished populations provides a roof over which to live and brings functional structures such as bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom and water. piped, capable of providing more quality of life. On the other hand, the public policy in question did not consider regional or environmental aspects, and as it is a type of Conservation Unit, the implementation of the policy should dialogue with the issue of sustainability of the territory, also considering the participation of local populations in the construction and implementation of the housing policy.
Desconhecido
Justiça ambiental em território de desastres: uma ação local de resistência em São Sebastião do Burajuba/Barcarena (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-27) CRISTO, Amanda Mesquita; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255
The present work aims to analyze actions and organizations of actors mobilized in processes that are configured as struggles against environmental injustice and for the good living in the community of São Sebastião do Burajuba in Barcarena, municipality of the state of Pará, as resistance to issues related to environmental injustices regarding access to and use of water, in a context marked by mining activities. These activities, considered as pollutants to a high degree, result in significant changes in the ecosystem, in the ways of life, in the economic and cultural practices of quilombola communities, indigenous peoples, farmers, extractivists and fishermen. To this end, the concepts of Environmental Justice by Acselred (2010) and Bem Viver de Acosta (2016) were used, understanding that nature and its resources are references linked to a philosophy of life, part of countless histories of struggle and resistance of called traditional populations. Defending against the injustice posed regarding the unequal distribution of risks by industrial activities is presented in the form of complaints and confrontations in Barcarena carried out by the Association of Caboclos, Indígenas e Quilombolas da Amazônia (Cainquiama) and by the quilombola community São Sebastião do Burajuba. It is a research of qualitative methodology, in which in addition to data analysis and basic bibliography, interviews were conducted with several actors from the Burajuba community, including members of Cainquiama. The research also points out that the fight for environmental justice has a long way to go, mainly in a country marked by several social and territorial inequalities. The results indicated that the emissions of industrial pollutants are destined for part of a territory where populations of ethnic-racial origin live whose socioeconomic situation becomes disadvantaged.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Maretório: o giro ecoterritorial dos povos extrativistas costeiro-marinhos do litoral da Amazônia paraense do litoral da Amazônia paraense?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-13) LIMA, Paulo Victor Sousa; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
This dissertation presents a reflection on the socio-anthropological construction of the identity of the coastal extractive peoples of the Amazonian coast of Pará. In view of this, the study aimed to understand how the leaders of the National Commission for the Strengthening of Coastal and Marine Extractive Reserves and Extractive Peoples (CONFREM) from Coastal-Marine Extractive Reserves (RESEXs) on the coast of Pará give meaning to the maretório, that by mobilizing it for the recognition of a singular identity, that of coastal-marine extractivistas, they are drawing a concept in practice - as an ecoterritorial turn. It is qualitative exploratory research, which involved a set of techniques and methodological procedures that include bibliographic research, documentary research, and interviews with semi-structured scripts. This material was analyzed in dialog with a proposal of conceptual synthesis of the theoretical field of social movements. However, given the specificities of socio-environmental struggles in the context of the Pará Amazon coast, there was a need to incorporate other analytical categories, such as socio-environmental conflicts and expropriation of the sea. Currently there are 30 Coastal-Marine RESEXs decreed between the years 1992 and 2018, and 13, are located on the coast of the state of Pará. The mobilizations led by coastal-sea extractive peoples demanding the creation of these Sustainable Use Conservation Units originated from socio-environmental conflicts triggered by the incorporation of the coast of the Pará Amazon into an agenda composed of actions, policies, and initiatives, characterized by literature as the ocean grabbing. The results of the research indicate that it was only in 2008, that is, a little more than a decade after the institutionalization of the first Coastal-Marine RESEXs in Brazil, that the idea of forming an organization to represent the socio-environmental movement emerged. Over the years CONFREM has been expanding its window of action and gaining recognition from the State and Society as a whole. The main agendas defended by CONFREM involve the demand and the monitoring of the processes of creation of new Conservation Units, as well as the access to policies that meet and recognize the specificities of the category. In different participation spaces, such as meetings, forums, and seminars, these leaders of CONFREM of the Coastal-Marine RESEXs of the coast of Pará present a claim directed to academia: the construction of the concept of the maretório. Based on these leaders, it was possible to understand that the maretório, as a concept, would be characterized as the necessary lenses for those who wish to understand the socio-environmental dynamics, which occurs on the coast of the Pará Amazon, of the population segment self-denominated as "coastal-marine extractive peoples," which is linked to the singularity of a way of life based on cultural, political, and economic reproduction amidst the fluidity of the processes of appropriation and use of common resources of coastal and marine environments and ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias das esquinas: as trajetórias de prostitutas na batalha pelo bairro da Campina, Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-29) SOUSA, Silvia Lilia Silva; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
In this paper i will look at prostitution in the urban context of Belem, specifically in the Campina neighbourhood, central area of the city of Belém / PA, where bohemia and prostitution in the capital predominated between the 19th and 20th centuries. In this district, the famous zone of the meretrício was built in 1921, also known as“quadrilátero do amor”, that was closed in the 1970s by the military government, and remained so throughout that decade. Starting from the studies of urban anthropology in interlocution with gender studies, I propose in this dissertation to understand the relationship between female prostitutes and the Campina neighborhood, taking into account their trajectories, memories and struggles. Thus, I perceive that among the street corners, nightclubs and small hotels, emerge stories that exist in the memories of these women; narratives that allow the reflection of different interpretations regarding the city. Therefore, they reference other forms of exercising sociability and experiencing the city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Motivação para o engajamento sindical : estudo de uma organização de agricultores familiares no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-30) SANTOS, Raynice Souza dos; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
This research deals with the motivations for engagement in the Union of Rural Workers (STTR), in the Municipality of Concórdia do Pará. Collective action represents one of the most important ways to make social and political claims prevail and is often carried out through organizations. Social organizations, therefore, become privileged instruments of contestation and political confrontation and, especially, unions have historically played a central role in defending the interests of workers. Rural unionism, however, is currently in a more delicate situation, due to a series of transformations that put its attractiveness in check, making it difficult for partners to engage and remain. Therefore, understanding why to become a member of a union is a matter of extreme relevance, not only academic, but also practical. To carry out this analysis, a qualitative approach was used, with data collection taking place in two communities (Galho and Igarapé João), and a settlement (Nova Inácia), as well as at the union headquarters. The research was divided into two stages, with five forays into the field. Secondary data were collected (from the Concordia Agriculture Department and the STTR headquarters), the literature on the researched topic was consulted and 23 interviews were conducted (with 18 family farmers and five union leaders). The survey results showed that the Concord STTR has a significant share of affiliated farmers, most of whom approve the current union board. Nevertheless, I found that most of the members are not up to date with the union contribution, with some claiming that they stopped contributing after the approval of the temporary law 871/2019 which ended the need to issue union declarations so that workers can apply for retirement. This service was one of the main reasons for STTR membership and its cancellation weakened the organization. This fact points to the need for unions to reinvent themselves and establish partnerships with other organizations, such as farmers' associations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O movimento social contra o aterro sanitário em Marituba (PA): um estudo sobre o fórum permanente ‘fora lixão’
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-07) MORAES, Fabrício Tavares de; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413
This study makes an analysis of the social movement called Permanent Forum 'Fora Lixão' in its practices in the city of Marituba (PA) under the conception of the Theory of Political Confrontation (TPP). The research resorted to a qualitative approach and the case study method, following the procedures of interviews, journalistic, judicial, administrative documents and bibliographical research. The results demonstrated an internal organization of the movement composed of community associations, political parties, social movements and segments of the Catholic Church, as well as forms of popular participation that oscillated between confrontation and collaboration with the State. The research informs us about how organized civil society and public institutions-built arrangements, partnerships and forms of political participation, in the case of the rejection of the Marituba landfill, popularly known as “Marituba dump”. The research also informs about the strengthening of popular mobilization, in order to conquer a popular participatory democracy, for the treatment of solid waste in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, according to more evolved technical parameters and consistent with the guidelines of the National Waste Policy Solids and the laws that support it.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças e continuidades no Salgado Paraense: dinâmica das relações sociais em torno do universo da pesca artesanal em Marudá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-31) COSTA, Layse Rosa Miranda da; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366; FURTADO, Lourdes de Fátima Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607
The research area of this dissertation is Marudá, located in the municipality of Marapanim/PA, within the Salgado Paraense microregion, and part of the Mestre Lucindo Marine Extractive Reserve, established in 2014. It is important to highlight that studying the universe of artisanal fishing is complex, as it involves various variables marked by social indicators, such as environmental issues, climate, gender, education, public health, and others. However, given the variables presented by the field of research in which I work, this study aims to highlight, through my participant observation and ethnography conducted between 2018 and 2024, the dynamics observed in the social relationships surrounding the fishing universe in Marudá. During fieldwork, many developments emerged from the observed evidence, opening paths for future projects and research. In this context, tradition and modernity constantly intertwine in the fishing lifestyle of the region's inhabitants, provoking both changes and continuities, especially regarding what fishing activity represents for them. Thus, another objective is to emphasize, based on my ethnographic research, what artisanal fishing currently represents for the sons and daughters of Marudá, considering that this relationship is no longer the same as it was in past decades of the 20th century, as changes and continuities occur constantly, where fishing activity was more intense. Other aspects addressed also include issues related to tourism, a category that has been transforming the way of life of the residents. Since the construction of the first roads and highways that connected and still connect Marudá/PA to the large and medium-sized urban and commercial centers of the State of Pará, such as the municipalities of Belém and Castanhal, the region has received many tourists, especially during vacation periods and holidays, thus causing some impacts. Currently, other means of communication have been transforming social relationships around the universe of artisanal fishing in the locality, such as internet access, as the digital medium has become integrated into everyday life, facilitating communication and mobilization of social categories, both internal and external, that is, beyond the territorial boundaries that make up the district of Marudá and Marapanim. In this way, the concepts of changes and continuities will metaphorically serve as the oars that will help me navigate the tides of this dissertation. It is also important to note that this research was conducted in a pandemic context, which generated many difficulties for fieldwork, as well as demands arising from the aftereffects of COVID-19.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres descolonizando a Amazônia pelos caminhos de vida: Produção de subjetividades atravessadas pelo projeto de nação desenvolvimentista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-10) CASTRO, Brenda Thainá Cardoso de; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216
Subjectivities constantly challenge the nation project when confronting developmental policies that adopt values and ways of life that are different from their own. In view of this, some contexts, such as the case of the Amazon, allow us to perceive how the production of subjectivities occurs in dynamics with capitalism and the State, specifically in the years of political crisis experienced in Brazil since mid2014 and 2015, going through impeachment from President Dilma Rousseff until the rise of the farright government of Jair Bolsonaro. The present study is then designed in this scenario to think from the life paths of women living in Tapajós, how they relate to the nation project under the developmental sign that historically projects the future of the nation in the Amazon through logic of expropriation and exploitation. The study was carried out through field research developed over recurring trips from 2017 to 2019, connecting them to macropolitical developments in the period and the reality in three different locations: the village of AlterdoChão, Santarém; the Jamaraquá community, in the Tapajós National Forest; and the community of Coroca, on the Arapiuns River, part of the Lago Grande Agroextractive Settlement Project. In addition to the experience and daily conversations during the visits, 11 interviews were conducted with women who live in the three locations, of different ages, to think about the process of producing subjectivities. In this context, we started with references from postcolonial and decolonial studies, as well as schizoanalysis, to identify the effects of coloniality on contemporary structures and relationships, both on subjects and subjects, but also on institutions and regions, such as the Amazon. , built in the social imaginary as a gendered and racialized place, which historically is in line with a vision of a developmental project for Brazil. And that, for women, this process will involve peculiarities based on the coloniality of gender, which also crosses relations of race, class and place of origin / belonging. It was realized that subjectivities can both be compatible with the values that serve capitalist and state interests, but they can also be incompatible, leading to a rupture and the singularization of these subjectivities. Equally, it was also noticed that there is a possibility of crossing, in which a rupture is sought, but due to the structural and systematic limitations, displacement is a tool found to meet one's needs, coexist within a capitalist society and still produce desires even if involved in modern / colonial logic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nas veredas da sobrevivência: mulheres no setor informal na feira do Ver-o-Peso em Belém, do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-17) SILVA, Mayara de Oliveira; DANTAS, Luísa Maria Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1573989294603242
This dissertation aims to present, based on an ethnography, the trajectories and narratives of women who found at the Ver-o-Peso fair, in Belém do Pará, opportunities for income generation and that without permission by the Municipality of Belém to the use of space at the fair, survive through their informal, autonomous and mobile work. The field research was divided into three moments: a) arrival at the field b) immersion in the field c) meeting women who work at the fair. It was carried out between the months of April 2018 and February 2020. Bibliographic data were collected to provide theoretical support for anthropology and sociology, as well as some quantitative data from the research universe. 66 women were interviewed, aged 17 to 69 years. Qualitative research proved to be essential for the knowledge of life trajectories of women belonging to the informal sector; also, through participant observation, of their work at the fair, essential work activities for daily subsistence. It was observed that the fair represents a welcoming space, which absorbs a large portion of the unemployed population in the city and at the same time represents a challenge for the control of public power and the locus of criminal practices. Informal work is abundant and a hallmark of the Ver-o-Peso fair, mainly represented by the female figure in the space.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Nesse terreiro tem axé e tem viado”: Experiências homoafetivas e sexualidade em um terreiro de umbanda no nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-28) ROSÁRIO, Vitor Lean do; GONÇALVES, Telma Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7335593537033167
The terreiro Mina Nagô Cabocla Mariana and Tapinaré das Matas, located in Igarapé-Açu, is one of the main Afro-religious centers in the municipality, as it has diferente bodies, sexualited and genders expressions that escape heteronormativity, especially gay men, who inhabt space and enhance the ritualistic dynamics. In this way, the research aims to undertand how the place of male homossexuality is given in Terreiro Mina Nagô Cabocla Mariana and Tapinaré das Matas, either as a wheel or as sympathizer of religion, whose experience are woven with the various sacred gifts presente in space. The experiences, memories and relationships built between gay men and entities were analyzed based on ethnography, which is based on demonstrating the instabilty of the bonds formed during rituals, tours conversations and conflicts. In addition, open interviews with gay interlocutors and entities helped to understand their subjetivities, conceptions and meanings. Therefore, such dynamics (re)produced in the terreiro serve as instruments to enhance contacts between gay men, caboclos, exus, erês, pretovelhos, among other entities that populate the visible and invisible of the terreiro. In this way, I analyze how these dissidente bodies are also parto f the constitution of the sacred in the umbanda house.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Noivado e ritos pré-nupciais: um estudo sobre significados, experiências e codificações de uma unidade cultural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-24) ALENCAR, Breno Rodrigo de Oliveira; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5924616509771424
This thesis aims to identify the place of engagement and prenuptial rites in anthropo-logical theory. Based on the concept of cultural unity, it analyzes the way in which bridal beliefs and behaviors are formulated, stimulated or repressed having as an interface the decomposition of the codes that make this ritual the main expression of the alliance process in urban segments. Drawing attention to the literature review, the first part of the work emphasizes the plurality of interpretive cut-outs and the relevance of enga-gement as a category of analysis, whether within contemporary rituals or the interpre-tation of the alliance in kinship studies. This part of the thesis is also dedicated to iden-tifying the values, processes and symbols that regulate the choice of engagement as a type of relationship in the urban world, adopting, as a source of reflection, the contri-butions of Thales de Azevedo and the vocabulary that permeates their meanings in social networks, press and cinema. The second part of the thesis emphasizes the in-terlocution with the subjects, having the same occurred from interviews conducted as bride and groom in the city of Belém, Teresina and Brasília. Its purpose is to describe the process by which bridal codes are incorporated into the biography and socialization of the interlocutors, taking into account their role as agents and interpreters of this experience. The third part, finally, explores the mediation carried out by the market and the Catholic Church, which, acting as codifying institutions, discipline, respectively, the symbols around the nuptial ritualization and the values and meanings related to the conjugal identity. This approach is based on ethnographic research conducted at Bridal Fairs and Marriage Preparation Meetings ("engagement courses") in the cities of Be-lém and Teresina.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paradoxos da conservação da biodiversidade e da salvaguarda do patrimônio imaterial no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-12) CUNHA, Ana Paula Araújo Gomes; CARVALHO, Luciana Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9870905738650852; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-9092
This research focuses on issues relating to policies relating to the cultural and natural heritage of the State of Pará. Even though the inseparability of nature and culture is recognized in chapters of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Constitution of the State of Pará of 1989, the cultural and environmental dimensions are addressed separately in the process of patrimonialization of balata crafts in the face of restrictions on access to this raw material. The general objective of this research was to discuss whether, and how, the practices of the State of Pará in relation to intangible cultural heritage and the environment contribute to its safeguarding and conservation, respectively. This is qualitative and explanatory research to specify characteristics that determine or favor the occurrence of the social phenomena focused on. The methodology involved bibliographical research and field research, which included semi- structured interviews and participant observation. Thus, it was found that the State of Pará, although it has recognized the balata craftsmanship as intangible heritage through the legislative power, threatens the material support of the craftsmanship through the executive power insofar as it allocates the trees that provide the material- cousin who makes handicrafts for companies to manage in the Paru State Forest. The bodies responsible for managing cultural heritage and the environment, as well as the legislative and executive powers, are disjointed. It is necessary to accelerate disconnections in the operations carried out by agencies and seek more integrated practices.