BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2289
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPA (BDTD). Sistema Eletrônico de Teses e Dissertações (TEDE). Projeto BDTD/UFPA e Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A dinâmica dos sistemas de produção praticados em uma unidade de conservação de uso direto na Amazônia - a Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari no estado do Amapá.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08-07) SOUSA, Walter Paixão de; FERREIRA, Laura Angélica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096This project approaches an specific type of extractivism: the extractivism of Brazil Nut made in the Extractive Reserve of Cajari river in the Amapá State (RESEX/CA). This project is a continuation of researches made in 2000, having as a main focus the understanding of the dynamic production systems used in RESEX/CA. In This project can be noticed that the changes occurred in the systems in a period from 2000 to 2005,more than economic, the remain of agricultural practicing related to the Brazil Nut extraction are ruled for other / different factors. The historical relation between the forest use with the extractivism and agricultural is very complex, thats the reason it can not be valued only by an economical prism. The information demonstrates that the extraction production units are those which have the smaller economical performance, although, there is not a movement of the families in erase this system. In the opposite/ In despite of, the extraction type had not just being keeper, but had improved/razed representatively from 2000 to 2005, showing attraction of this type to the families in RESEX/CA. However, the agro extractive systems had grown also, showing that some families want to achieve a higher quality level of life trough agriculture. About a direct use of conservation unit, to this extractive reserve must be directed support action for small farmers nut to the RESEX/CA, with the purpose that them may have a decent life, without expending in different activitys but extraction.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A vida dirige o rio: cem anos de ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no Alto Capim(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-17) MEDINA, Gabriel; SHANLEY, PatríciaIn the Brazilian Amazon, the increasing rate of deforestation has prompted the international research community to look for solutions that reconcile conservation and development. Since the late 1980s, researchers throughout the world have explored the role that extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) could have to the well-being of forest dwellers as well as to the environment. This thesis explores the role that NTFPs play in the lives of rural communities in a dynamically changing timber frontier region along the Capim River in the eastern Amazonian state of Pará. As the timber industry advances throughout the Amazon basin, communities located along logging frontiers are increasingly approached to sell the rights to their timber. Such communities consider several aspects to assess the value of forest products. Besides socio-economic and ecological values (real value), there is relative value, which strongly influence the way resources are used. This relative value is based on representations regarding the importance of forest products and on the context in which these representations are formed. To explore this theme, the thesis begins with a historical reconstruction of a caboclo community focusing on forest resource use and dynamics during the last hundred years. For the households within the study communities, timber always represented a natural heritage that could be spent over time. It was the principal product with market value and, during initial timber sales, extraction did not significantly reduce access to other forest products. Therefore, timber resources represented an inheritance with exchange value and little conflicting use. Four socioeconomic factors were identified which influenced communities to sell timber despite the losses in NTFPs that they began to experience over time: 1) paternalistic relationships among buyers and caboclos; 2) difficulties in common property resource management; 3) quick cash gained from timber sales guaranteed access to market products and; 4) expanding market involvement required increased cash to meet increasing needs. To understand the value which communities grant to forest products in their decision-making it is fundamental to identify the real alternatives that NTFPs represent to households and to compare this with other land use options.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A ação coletiva de agricultores integrados à agroindústria de dendê na Associação dos Moradores e Agricultores Familiares da Região do Igarapé-Açu de Baixo, em Irituia - Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-17) OLIVEIRA, Khety Elane Holanda de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835In this study, I analyze the performance of the common partners and the board of directors of the Association of Residents and Family Farmers of Igarapé-Açu de Baixo (Amafib), in the municipality of Irituia, Pará, in proposals related to collective action with its partners, the Central Social Organizations Between the Rivers Guamá and Capim (Consergc) and the multinational company Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) in the context of the integration of family agriculture to the agro-industry of palm. The methodology consisted of a case study with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The following were carried out: direct observation of meetings and work activities of the partners; non-directive and semi structured interviews between August 2019 and February 2020; and review of pertinent literature, prioritizing the categories collective action, associativism and productive integration. The results show that Amafib's actions with its partners have been favorable to the members of the association. In the cooperation with Consergc, several demands have been reached, such as the suitability of weighing the fruits for the digital balance, the sale of fertilizers by the company itself, the increase in the price paid for the palm oil and the marketing of tools through collective purchase. In a scenario of negotiations between the parties for the common good, Consergc has a leading role in the collective action and contributed to the good progress of the projects.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva e luta pela terra no assentamento Palmares II, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MORENO, Glaucia de Sousa; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880This dissertation examines how the actions taken by militants and participants of Palmares II Project Settlement, in Parauapebas-PA, contribute or not to consolidate a solidarity political practice in tune with MST ideals, since the camp through settlement phases. Data were collected between January and August 2010 through structured questionnaire used to interview leaders and settlers from the settlement into focus. The main work category is the collective action. It presents evidence that favored the formation and consolidation of the MST in Brazil, and later in Pará. Discusses the theoretical and empirical aspects of collective action in the movement, followed by a brief history of the development of the settlement, demonstrates and describes the collective actions that occurred during this period, brings into discussion contributions of America in Chicago school and from the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci. Describes collective efforts in the settlement occurred between 1996 and 2010, demonstrates how they developed, what goals and failures that marked this period, using the Olson, Mckean and Ostrom contributions to substantiate the discussion. Notes similarities and differences between the settlers projects and leaders of the movement, showing that some settlers had their projects "failed" due to the impositions of power play settlers / leadership. Points, in the research year, the collective initiatives that occurred in the settlement, which are assemblies and occupations, in order to resolve issues demanded by the necessity of settlement infrastructure and water supply improvement. Finally it states that it must think about the collective actions inside a project that aims farmers emancipation from a logic that works rooted in respect, first of all centered in settlers goals and needs, ie confined not in ideal models (averse to reality), but substantiated in the democratic conduct that strengthens the priorities settlers choice possibility. So first of all it should hear the agrarian reform actors, the landless or settlers, and not only allow the supposed leadership’s interests be taken into consider.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva e meios de vida: análise das transformações operadas pela Cooperativa dos Pequenos Produtores Agroextrativistas de Lago do Junco (Coppalj) em comunidades do Médio Mearim, MA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) NASCIMENTO, Aline Souza; PORRO, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043The search for better living conditions and commercialization of production led to the emergence of the Cooperative of Small Agroextractive Producers of Lago do Junco (Coppalj), which, since its emergence, has contributed to improve social reproduction conditions for its subjects, through a combination of a range of social, economic and environmental resources, that allow them to guard against lack of opportunities, poverty and marginalization resulting from social injustices. The work seeks to identify the transformations in local livelihoods derived from the combination of strategies adopted by Coppalj and the perceptions of members and non-members about its effectiveness, as well as its contribution to the construction of self-management, peasant autonomy and productive and technological diversification within its territory. The study is based on bibliographic and documentary consultation, combined with semi-structured and interactive interviews in communities where Coppalj operates. It demonstrates how, with its policy of valuing agricultural and extractive production, the cooperative collaborated for the emergence of new perspectives and the increase in families‟ access to income. It also highlights the actions taken by peasants during agrarian conflicts, which resulted in the creation of organizations that have played an important role in guaranteeing their rights, and the contribution of actions of the Catholic Church to peasant political organization in the Mearim Valley.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva e Sistemas Agroflorestais na comunidade São Manoel, Quilombo Jambuaçu, Moju/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) ANDREATA, Helton Kania; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611; SCHWARTZ, Gustavo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0774787368316223The Agroforestry Systems (SAF) can be used as a means of forest recovery and are interesting due to their diversity of products and the sustainability of the system, mainly in the Northeast of Pará, which has a predominance of secondary forests, popularly called “capoeiras”, areas which can be used for its implementation. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between Collective Action and SAF in the São Manoel community, in the municipality of Moju, Pará state. The survey data were collected in the years 2018 and 2019, with the main instruments used being historical, open and semi-structured interviews with farmers and main leaders in the community. The data are predominantly qualitative and the procedures to summarize were the transcription of the interviews, with the creation of tables and vertical and horizontal analyzes of the speeches. The community of São Manoel is a small rural village with a history of struggling against large companies to maintain its territory and whose main source of income is native açaí. Land titling is collective and the main issues of resource management are discussed with the Quilombola Association of Farmers of São Manoel, which also has other duties, such as discussing the issue of security, community organization, improving income sources, in addition to legal representation in different instances. The results shows that the SAF arrived in the community in 2015, taken by one of the farmers (who has agricultural training), and had great repercussions after the community verify the success of the system in São Manoel. The working group who has the SAF is composed of 15 people, who work from the plants nursery to the implantation of areas through the collective effort. They have a differentiated system of implantation of SAF, when carrying out the management of capoeira in order to use it as an input for plant nutrition. Three different types were found among the SAF of São Manoel, varying in the number of species in the system, being cupuaçu, cocoa, açaí and banana the main species implanted. The data show that the SAF had a good acceptance among farmers because the system was brought by one of the members of the community, which has also had repercussions in other communities in the Jambuaçu Territory. Collective action was fundamental to the success of SAF, since most farmers reported that they would not be able to implement their areas alone, reason why this community strength was essential for the success of a system which aims to generate income through diversification of production, resignifying the territory with their occupation through productive conservation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva entre assentados da reforma agraria: o grupo de mutirão no assentamento Benedito Alves Bandeira, município do Acará / Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MELO, Acácio Tarciso Moreira de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835This paper aims to study the collective strategies, or 'mutirão' (mutual-aid effort), developed by small farmers settled on the agrarian reform settlement called Benedito Alves Bandeira (BAB) in the municipality of Acará, Pará State. This research was carried out from June to November 2009 and in January 2010. The methodology included qualitative and quantitative approaches, the main procedures being: a literature review, structured and semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data collecting. The results show a peculiar form of collective action, whereby a group (10% of the settlers) engaged in mutual-aid effort practices took over the association that manages the settlement as a whole. This was added by the fact that the 'mutirão' group, in practice, did not just address production-related issues, as is common in mutual-aid efforts, but also settlement-related political, economic and social actions. While many studies on land reform settlements point to the settlers' resistance to collective farming, especially promoted by the Landless Workers Movement (MST), the analyzed the experience shows the acceptance of the collective work of a group of settlers gathered around the 'mutirão' and aiming at agricultural production. The following factors that favored this type of work were identified: a) a previous preparation of leaders by the Catholic Church; b) voluntary performance of activities; c) the owner of the plot manages the 'mutirão' activities; d) the users themselves define the rules; and e) the size of the group. The experience of collective work in the three plots studied hereby also guides the actions taken by the association, whose meetings are held in rotation in the homes where the 'mutirão' is to be held. Despite the example provided by this type of practice used in the settlement since the beginning of its creation, there is resistance both inside and outside the settlement against the association, characterized by individual interests and the quest for power of opposing sides, which involves even government agencies. This study will contribute to understanding the strategies of reciprocity that facilitate collective action among settlers in Northeastern Pará State linking two phenomena: the little probability of cooperation, according to the logic of collective action (Olson, 1965) that questions the willingness of a group to engage in common goals; and, the promotion of cooperative work through reciprocity-based structures.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva na criação e gestão do projeto de assentamento Paulo Fonteles em Mosqueiro, Belém – Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-27) PANTOJA, Rosiane Cristina Pimentel; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835The research presented aims at studying the forms of organization for cooperation in the creation and management of Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles in Mosqueiro, Belém - Pará. For this case study, we used a qualitative approach from the application interviews with semi-structured questionnaire. The research problem grounded both in theories of social movements, with discussions of social events, as the French School of Sociology of Organizations with discussions of the organizations and the centrality of power. Restlessness is understand how social groups influence the forms of cooperation for the creation and management of the Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles. It is observed that social movements have been the intermediary of collective action in the struggle for agrarian reform, becoming references of continuity of struggles and ensuring the mobilization of families for collective action. The common goal for the conquest of the land is what secured the commitment and cooperation for the occupation of the settlement. But the conquest of the land reflects a multifaceted reality, because families have different prospects as housing, production, employment, among others. The increase in the number of settlements and the increased production questioned the need for agrarian reform as a policy for rural development. The MST, reaffirming that public policy, has proposed new forms of organization of settlements, called "commune land". These settlements are located close to metropolitan areas, in order to serve the population of these suburbs, which demand for land for housing and employment. These new settlements are aimed at the incorporation of urban infrastructure to facilitate the production and market relations. For the proposal to be successful, cooperation becomes a central theme. Thus, the settlement, is observed that cooperation takes place at different levels because there is no settlement without cooperation, much less groups that do not have membership. Therefore, the largest membership and engagement are located in the rules of power, with more or less the same centrality. Thus, we identified that while the association has the president the centralization of power, the group's collective 'mutirão' (local organization) has a balanced management, leading to greater involvement of families to the cooperation of the management of the settlement Paulo Fonteles.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ação coletiva sob influência da dendeicultura: um estudo de caso sobre a Central das Organizações Sociais entre os rios Guamá e Capim (CONSERGC)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) BALIEIRO, Marciclei Lopes; SCHMITZ, HeribertI analyze the experience of formal organization of family farmers integrated with oil palm in the Central of Social Organizations between the Guamá and Capim Rivers (CONSERGC). The central category of research is collective action in rural areas. I use Mancur Olson's theory of economics and the contributions of the French school of sociology of organizations to understand how cooperation is being built from the actions of the actors involved. The participation and management categories also stand out during the project, which is why I highlight the process of building self-management. Data were collected between June 2017 and February 2019, using a script, the methodology was based mainly on open interviews with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observation. I also conducted a literature review on the theme addressed in this work and did a documentary research with relevant data on the object of study. I present the context in which CONSERGC was proposed and created. I identify and characterize how the mobilization of farmers and leaders took place based on the performance of organizations such as the local STTRs, FETAGRI and, above all, the ADM company for integration in the oil palm project and for the organization as an association. Despite the difficulties that accompany the trajectory of the formal organization in the Northeast of Pará (credit, technical assistance, income, management, among others), the initiative is seen by most farmers as an opportunity. The possibility of organizing production, accessing some financing or project and improving family income were pointed out by the interviewees as important factors for engaging in associations. The organization presents difficulties that were identified in the research, among them: the lack of resources to develop its economic, social and logistical activities to gather members. However, the data showed that for the short time that CONSERGC has existed, the organization's associative proposal is in promising development. This finding makes reference: the performance of its board and its leaders, who have found solutions to the recurring difficulties; the trust of associates in their managers and the good level of participation of associates in meetings and meetings that, even by representation, assume an important role in the organization's operating strategies. The participation and construction of the action based on game of interests, they were negotiated within the organization and have been important for the continuity of the collective action analyzed here. Among the results of the research clipping, it is concluded that the interest of Integrated Associations in affiliating with a Central of Associations is related, in principle, to the mobilization and incentive given by ADM company for the creation of organizations. Subsequently, CONSERGC was seen by the associates as a facilitator of the dialogue with the company and, among the advantages, a means to obtain improvements in the integration contract. Empirical data revealed that few farmers read the contract in its entirety and, through CONSERGC's performance, they are being able to review some contractual clauses of paramount importance to their interests within the palm project such as in relation to price and price. weight of the product, these being the items most cited by the integrated. Despite being a specific case study, this work can cItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Adaptações de agroecossistemas familiares às mudanças no contexto socioeconômico e ambiental no Município de Curralinho, Marajó, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CARVALHO, João Paulo Leão de; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923Using the Framework for Evaluation Systems Natural Resources Management Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS), a tool used to evaluate the sustainability in family agroecosystems based on the assumptions of systemic approach, this article aims to understand how family agroecosystems adapts to socioeconomic and environmental changes in the Municipality of Curralinho, Marajó, Pará. The locality presents changes in the relations of land tenure; increase in the valuation of non-timber forest products, specially the acai; larger amounts of financial resources for agricultural activities; and technological training courses with a perspective of the insertion of the agroextractivist into the formal market. With theoretical contribution, The MESMIS has been adapted to the local context. Thereby, were constructed ten indicators for sustainability evaluation of 19 family agroecosystems intentionally chosen considering access to policies of land tenure, such as agricultural credit; social compensation; participation in technological capabilities, as well as the author's knowledge about the reality of Boa Esperança community, locus of this research. In agreement with other studies in the Amazon the MESMIS presented different levels of sustainability in family agroecosystems. After a characterization of the family agroecosystems, it was possible to identify two distinct family logics linked to the production of acai: (i) a agroextractivist logic that maintains as a strong element the extraction, more dependent of natural resources and therefore presenting greater co-production, (ii) another agroextractivist logic with greater market integration, with more intensification of technical-productive elements. The different logics may be the reflection of the adaptation of the family agroecosystems to the current socioeconomic context and environment of the region. The logics of the extractive family production go through profound changes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A adoção de práticas agroecológicas por camponeses: estudo de caso no oeste maranhense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-24) SÁNCHEZ COUTO, Xoán Carlos; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346Agroecology has been defined as a science, a social movement and a set of alternative practices. Here we examine the last two dimensions. In order to study the social organization of Brazilian agroecology we used the political process theory, finding evidence that the Brazilian agroecological movement meets the requirements of this theoretical proposal for being considered as a social movement. In a second paper we focus on the problems surrounding technologies’ adoption by peasants in Western Maranhão. From a systems approach of the farm and through the construction of a typology of the production systems found in this region, we analyze the difficulties related to the adoption of agroecology, seen as a technical change from exogenous origin. Thus, we conducted participant observation, participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interviews in 38 peasant families in three rural communities. We also explored the opportunity of integration between agroecology and the dynamics of transformation of production systems, as an endogenous innovation process. In the third paper we apply the concepts of strategy and tactics to peasants’ decision making about adoption of agroecological practices. Focusing on those who have chosen the farm diversification strategy, we find a variety of diversification strategies and that criteria used for strategic decision making are different from those applied for tactical decisions. In a fourth paper we try to understand the motivations of family farmers in Western Maranhão to make their productive and technological choices, understanding the historical decisive factors for the differentiation of production systems, which caused only some of them had the opportunity to join the agroecological practices. Through retrospective analysis, we identified two transformation vectors, contributing to family farmers deem different answers to the same influences from the environment. External variables, attached to productive family decisions, influence the historical path of the farms. We found that not always the promotion of agroecology is consistent with peasant families’ logic. However, effective technical support and permanent interest groups about this innovation, perform an environment in which peasants feel more confident to adopt agroecological practices.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultores familiares e a educação de jovens e adultos em Mocajuba / PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-02-03) LAUANDE, Eduardo André Risuenho; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588This dissertation refers to questions related to educatiou of goung and adult and rural education in Mocajuba/Pa, that has, as principal focus, farmer`s family students in that town. The central questions are: how that kind of education and rural education are historically constituted in Mocajuba? And what is the real situation of the education offered there to all those students nowadays? Answers to these questions were gotten by information from: 1) book research – to talk about agriculture history and state of affairs in Brazil, Pará and Mocajuba; 2) history VI studying about education of young and adults, and about rural education in Brazil, Pará and Mocajuba, as well as research and official data and documents collection, in order to make a map of the present situation of young and adults education that is offered by official institutions; 3) analyses of data collected in schools and interviews from farmer`s family students, teachers and community and trade union leadership. Analysing statements, it was possible to identify a great advance in human, politic and technical aspect that farmer`s family students have gotten, when they go back to school or go to it for the first time. So, they can improve ther knowledge and, consequently, they can have better life quality.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultores familiares e sistemas agroflorestais: a relação família e trabalho em questão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BEZERRA, Nicolle Rafaella Costa; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611The research aimed to analyze the configuration of the family‘s work during the deployment process of agroforestry systems on farms, through the study of family farmers who worked on the project Roots of the Earth. The main assumption was that there is an increase in activities of household members in the short term, for the implementation of agroforestry systems on their premises. Field research was conducted at St. John community, municipality of Marapanim (PA) in three stages in 2009. The methodology blended quantitative and qualitative approaches to conducting interviews, questionnaires, observations and literature review. Having regard to the current debate about family, work and agroforestry systems, data and information were systematized and analyzed. The main conclusions show that: a) there is migration of the household or its members especially for the forthcoming municipal seats ratifying strategies of social reproduction based on a complementarity of urban and rural work, b) agroforestry‘s work and other systems of production establishments are organized based on family composition, place of residence of its members and in gender relations, c) the main difficulties for the deployment and management of agroforestry systems were below the spacing of the designs of agroforestry arrangements, the way the motion of bending over to plant the seedling, the main complaint of the elderly, and therefore the need to hire labor and the cost it; manual weeding of weeds and.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultores familiares no Município de Igarapé-Açu: estudo da participação em processos de desenvolvimento local sustentável(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-17) ATAÍDE, Tonildes Lisboa de; CONCEIÇÃO, Maria de Fátima Carneiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7985394500952978Researched the performance of sustainable local development projects implemented in the Municipality of Igarapé-Acu, Para State, from November 2000 to February 2005, to evaluate the contribution of these projects to strengthen the participation of family farmers involved. For this we examined the following experiences: Project BNDES - Local Development UNDP Technical Cooperation, Project Integrated and Sustainable Local Development - DLIS-coordinated by SEBRAE, and Local Development Project, coordinated by the Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA. In this paper we understand participation as an act of conquest and self-promotion of the individuals involved that are appearing as protagonists in their stories. The assumption is that experiences little examined strengthened the participation process understood according to the concept adopted here, frustrating even the original proposals of projects. To verify this hypothesis we used as a methodological procedure participant observation, in the case of a project coordinated by UFRA, which is ongoing. For this and other cases, we conducted open interviews with the "key informants," such as project coordinators, representatives of partner institutions and community leaders. We also use semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis of files, as well as analyzing the relationship between theory and practice for the experiences. The research showed a gap between the theoretical proposal of the project and its practical development. There are projects in which the participation of farmers was hampered by poor socialization and understanding of the proposal and the lack of transparency in the application of resources, lack of sense of belonging by beneficiaries; training and inefficient. In the case where the decision-making capacity of farmers was better stimulated, a greater ownership of the process of local development and a trend to a more active and conscious participation of farmersItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura familiar e informação para o desenvolvimento rural nos municípios de Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-16) MATOS, Lucilda Maria Sousa de; PINHEIRO, Lena Vania Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613980184982976; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118The research was done with the objective of identifying and analysing the needs, demands and uses of information from partner farmers of the research project, “Adaptation and participative validity of an area preparation without burning in northern Pará”, developed in the cities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, by Embrapa, in the communication process and information for action. Based on interviews and observations, it was outlined the prolife of partner farmers and opinion makers and identified their demands of information, being the most significative ones related to agriculture (cultivation, deseases, pests, financing/agricultural credit), followed by information on Education, Social Security, Law etc. The concept of information was constructed from the interviewd perceptions and were studied, still, participative actions developed by the project, means of mass communication of wider audience; besides support and information barriers. Among the social and institutional actors acting in the process, there is strong participation of relatives neighboring farmers, as a source of information for the communities and, among the several institutions, and Embrapa. Through the application of the technique of the critical incident the search of more recent information was analyzed, when agriculturist partners had needed information to develop their activities, if they had gotten it or not, and what this caused in their activities in familiar agriculture and their lives.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura orgânica e a sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares em Medicilândia-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Michel Cleyton do Carmo; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-1271The Organic agriculture has been stimulated by the social movements of the region in which it operates this study, as an alternative able to corroborate the consolidation strategies more sustainable agroecosystems. Understanding organic agriculture as a production system based on relations more harmonized with the environment and provides greater equity and profitability, it was proposed to analyze the folding of organic production in the sustainability of familiar agroecosystems in the municipality of Medicilândia, state of Pará. We had as central hypothesis that organic production provides positive repercussions on the sustainability of the agroecosystems. Therefore, it was decided by methodological arrangement with qualitative procedures such as field observation and interviews with producers members COPOAM - Cooperative of Organic Farmers of the Amazon and quantitative procedures, mostly with the adjustment tool MESMIS (Framework for Evaluation of Systems of Natural Resource Management incorporating sustainabilities indicators) to the reality of family farmers of Medicilândia. With the sustainability evaluation of agroecosystems was established that there is the folding of organic production in the agroecosystems studied, incurring changes in production dynamics well as the way of life of families.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura urbana: contribuição e importância dos quintais para a alimentação e renda dos agricultores urbanos de Santarém - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) SILVA, Eliane Raíssa Ribeiro; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101The formation of urban neighborhoods in the area of Santarem is based on agricultural production, and this determines the socio-territorial reorganization of the city, causing it to present contradictions, and despite being "inside" of what is considered urban, are visible in this area habits and customs remain rural and agricultural production discussed here as urban agriculture. To identify and characterize the different activities of urban agriculture observed in Santarém / Pará (2 ° 24 '52 "S and 54 º 42' 36" W), to assess the importance and contribution of the same for food and income for families of farmers to develop, this study was conducted. Data collection was through home visits to farmers in the period May / June and September / October 2010, priority was intentional samples using the technique of "snowball". Structured interviews were conducted semi-structured interviews with 56 urban farmers, and their areas of production were driven method of guided tours, during which we surveyed the plant and animal species that made up and its intended use. When permitted species were also photographed. The botanical material was collected, and forwarded to herbalized IAN Herbarium of Embrapa Eastern Amazon, for identification. The contribution of urban agricultural activities for income was achieved through the use of the tools of the systemic approach of calculations and adjustments in the domestic economy from which we constructed a typology of different production systems sampled. We observed seven different activities in Santarém urban agriculture (agroforestry gardens, fish farming, cultivation of ornamental plants, nursery seedlings of forest, horticulture and mini-farm) activities are carried out in different spaces (backyards, private lots, and side avenues). We recorded the occurrence of 247 plant species grown in different areas of production and 11 animal species, cultivated and raised for different purposes of use. The creation of small animals occurred only within the gardens which has revealed to us, along with the cultivation of food crops, the feeding habits of the farmers who manage and handle. The results provide evidence that analyzed the different activities observed for urban agriculture in Santarém contribute significantly to the income of farmers, either through direct income from the sale of products produced or obtained with the indirect income to the economy arising from the production of foods that are no longer purchased by farmers. Thus we conclude that the importance of the different exercise activities on urban agriculture for farmers varies around the purpose of production and products produced, as well as contribute to the promotion of citizenship, is providing products that improve the quality of life of farm families , is absorbing family labor available, which increases self-esteem of farmers and ensure that they sustain their families in dignity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade, conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais sobre plantas alimentícias na comunidade quilombola do Jacarequara, Santa Luzia do Pará, Nordeste Paraense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) ALVES, Ellem Suane Ferreira; FITA, Didac Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290251127696280The present study analyzes the role of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and practices related to food plants and how they influence the promotion of food and nutrition sovereignty and security (SSAN) in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, in Santa Luzia do Pará, Pará. For that, methods were used, with observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, participants, guided tour and free list. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized to proceed with data triangulation, in addition to calculating the citation frequency and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC) of the food plants inventoried. The results showed that productive practices such as the cultivation of homegardens, the extractivism of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.), fishing and hunting are the food base and a means of income generation. Important traditional knowledge is linked to these practices, where knowledge is built by the constant exchange between the quilombolas, across generations, and has as its core the dynamics of the natural environment that surrounds them. It was observed that seasonality influences the productive dynamics and the agricultural calendar of the community, always considering the relationship between the quilombolas and nature. The botanical inventory cataloged 140 food ethnospecies, with emphasis on the families Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9). Among the food plants with the highest ISC, açaí, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), mandioca/macaxeira (Manihot esculenta Crantz), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) and orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbe). Twenty-seven ethnovarieties of M. esculenta were cataloged, demonstrating its fundamental importance for the diet of the quilombolas, being composed of manioc and tapioca flour, beiju, manicueira, tucupi, among other foods. However, the advance of pasture areas on farms around the community and adherence to food habits outside the community imposed by capitalism, marked by the increase in consumption of processed foods mainly by children and young quilombolas, reflects changes and risks to food. These factors lead to a new food reality, which can also interfere with their permanence in the quilombo, income generation, respect for the quilombola way of life and the appreciation of traditional knowledge and practices existing and maintained there.