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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4696

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (PPGBAIP) é um programa do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O PPGBAIP contempla a formação de profissionais das áreas das Ciências Biológicas, Biomédicas, Médicas e afins em nível de mestrado e doutorado.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise taxonômica e molecular de Cestoda nematotaeniidae parasito de intestino delgado de Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-02) MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4543897195525368
The amphibians of the species Rhinella marina known also as Giant Toad and have cosmopolitan distribution. Posses nocturnes habits, due of variety of feeding they can live in different habitats. Then, they can have many kinds of helminthes parasites. Among the helminthes, the cestodas are the target of study of this work. The members of Nematotaeniidae Family are commonly found in small intestine of repitilian and amphibians. The frequent auto-infestation would justify the high taxes of parasitism in one host. The present study has the objective to identify and to characterize the Cestoda of Rhinella marina from Belém-PA. Twenty hosts were captured in homes of the metropolitan area of Belém-PA and, after necropsy the Cestoda were isolated of intestine, and some specimens were fixed in A.F.A (Glacial Acid Acetic 2%, Formaldehyde 3% and 95 % of Etanol 70º GL), and some worms fixed in 2% Glutaraldehyde in Cacodilate buffer 0,1m P.h 7,4, to process in different techniques. One part of the samples was dehydrated in Etanol Series, and stained with Carmim®, and clarified with Metil Salicilate®. Some specimens were dehydrated and included in Paraffin for acomplishement of longitudinal and tranverse cuts. The worms fixed in Glutaraldehyde were dehydrated and included in Historesin®. Some Cestoda were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An indentification was accomplished throught drawings in Olympus BX 41 microscope equipped with camera lucida, pictures were taken in a MEDILUX microscope, with image captures system and in MEV JEOL 5310. Histological sections were photographed and 3D reconstruction was made in RECONSTRUCTTM software. The cestoid possess a cylindrical body, filiform and with difficult segmentation, except in the final portion of the strobila. Escolex with four suckers without hooks or apical organ, the pregnant proglotis presents two piriform capsules, funded in the basis and containing one or more eggs. The observations in SEM and light microscopy of the cestoda founded in small intestine of R.marina from Belém-PA, we observed that these Cestoda belong to Nematotaeniidae Family, meanwhile the other morphologic characters observed did not permit us to classify this helminth in any Gender of this Family.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos microbiológicos e epidemiológicos da doença diarréica aguda no município de Juruti, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-20) SOUSA, Eveline Bezerra; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The presente study described the epidemiological and etiological aspects of acute diarrhea in Juruti, Pará, Brazil. A total of 261 fecal samples were investigated (diarrheagenic, n = 170 and control, n = 91), from patients attended in Public Health Units in the period from February to July 2009. Samples were investigated for bacterial, Rotavírus and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination, immunological tests (ELISA) and bacterial culture techniques. Two multiplex PCR were designed for the detection of all categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. A total of 154 samples were positive (diarrheagenic, n = 118 and control, n = 36), in which 75,4% were represented for mono infections and 24,6% for mixed infections. Most of cases included children less than 10 years of age (55,9%), which no significant difference were found between female and male. The most common enteropathogens in diarrhoeal samples were E. histolytica/E. dispar (26%), Shigella spp (15,7%), Giardia lamblia (13,3%) and diarrheagenic E. coli (12,8%), from which Shigella spp (p = 0,0028) were shown to be associated to the cases of acute diarrhea. The most frequent categories of E. coli in diarrhoeal cases were ETEC (7,2%) and EAEC (5,9%). The less frequent enteropathogens, in diarrhoeal samples were Campylobacter jejuni/coli (4,7%), Rotavírus (2,8%), Salmonella Panama, A. hydrophila and A. sóbria (0,5%). These results are useful for environmental and epidemiological surveillance of acute diarrhea disease in Juruti.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação entre marcadores da resposta inflamatória e a imunopatogênese de agentes infecciosos de natureza viral (Vírus da dengue, HTLV-1 e HTLV-2) e bacteriana (Chlamydia trachomatis e Chlamydia pneumoniae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-29) FEITOSA, Rosimar Neris Martins; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The genetic basis of diseases is frequently studied aiming the polymorphisms of cytocine genes. The present study investigated markers of the inflammatory response associated to the course of infection and disease caused by viruses and bacteria. Serum levels (measured by an ELISA assay) and the polymorphisms (using PCR, RFLP and allele specific PCR) of TNF-α (-308), TNF-β (+252), IFN-γ (+874) and C reactive protein were measured among persons with febrile disease, infected by dengue virus (n=80), not infected by DV (100), a group of HTLV infected (30 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), a group with coronary disease (58 seroreactive to Chlamydia and 31 with negative serology) and a control group (99 persons with no reaction to DV, HTLV and Chlamydia). No group showed association with demographic informations. Dengue virus 3 (66.2%) and HTLV-1 (90% symptomatic and 76.6% asymptomatic persons) were the most frequent agents found among their groups. The majority of those with coronary disease (65.1%) presented antibodies to Chlamydia (39.6% to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, 58.6% solely to C. trachomatis and 1.7% to C. pneumoniae). Statistically significant levels of differences were found among: (i) serum levels of TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR of positive and negative dengue and control groups (p< 0,01); (ii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ of HTLV (including its types) and control groups; (iii) serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR among patients with coronary disease, serum reactive to Chlamydia, and the control group; (iv) the presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae and the control group comparing TNF-β, IFN-γ and PrtCR. Genotypic frequency distributions were statistically significant for the polymorphisms: (i) of TNF-α (p=0,0494) and IFN-γ (p= 0,0008) genes among positive, negative and control dengue groups and to IFN-γ (p= 0,0007) among groups DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3 and controls; (ii) of IFN-γ gene (p= 0,0023) among the group of patients with coronary disease and sero reactivity to C. trachomatis e C. pneumoniae, as well as to the mono reactants in the comparison between the positivity to C. trachomatis and the control group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da diversidade de insetos hematófagos da subordem Nematocera e de vertebrados silvestres: transmissão de arbovírus na área de influência do Projeto Salobo, Carajás, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MONTEIRO, Hamilton Antonio de Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Aiming to evaluate the diversity of hematophagous insects and sylvan vertebrates, as well as the arbovirus fauna present in the area, a longitudinal study was performed in the Salobo Project area, Mineral Province of Carajas, Pará state, Brazil, between December 2005 and June 2007 (seven scientific expeditions), before the action of mineral extraction be launched. Insects belonging to the families Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Psychodidae, and Simulidae were collected using the miniature CDC and Shannon light traps, and human bait; sylvan vertebrates (birds, small mammals and reptilians) were also captured in the are using Shermann and Tommahwak traps. Biological specimens from insects and vertebrates were used to attempt of virus isolation in suckling mice, while the vertebrate serum samples to determine the antibody prevalence to 19 arboviruses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. A total of 44,795 (1,220 lots) hematophagous insects were collected, mostly of Psychodidae. The most abundant species of Culicidae were Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemgogus janthinomys; a total of 1,288 vertebrates were also captured; the rodents Proechimys guyannensis and Oryzomys capito, and the birds Turdus albicolis and Phlegopsis nigromaculata were the most prevalent species in the area. Three Tucunduba virus strains were isolated from lots of Anopheles (Nys.) sp., Culex coronator and Wyeomyia sp. HI antibodies were found to Bussuquara virus, Cacipacore virus, Icoaraci virus, Ilheus virus, Mucambo virus Rocio virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and western equine encephalitis virus. The most prevalent arbovirus by HI was the SLEV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da terapêutica da malária por Plasmodium vivax: perfil cinético da cloroquina e primaquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) TEIXEIRA, José Ribamar Mesquita; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
Today search - new strategies for improving the treatment and control of malaria. The monitoring of plasma concentrations of drugs is an important tool that aims to provide more knowledge on the kinetics of several antimalarial drugs, aiming to achieve rapid therapeutic effect with reduced risk of toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response to chloroquine and primaquine for vivax malaria patients, the plasma concentrations correlate with parasitemia, epidemiological data and evaluation of liver and kidney function, aiming at the optimization of various therapeutic regimens employed, evaluating if the responses are due to ineffective treatment of Plasmodium resistance to chloroquine or the presence of sub-therapeutic concentrations of drugs. Thus, we evaluated 40 patients with vivax malaria in the Program in Clinical Trials of Malaria Institute Evandro Chagas (Belém, Pará) in the period 2008 to 2010. Hemogram and other biochemical parameters were performed. The research of plasmodia in blood smear was performed and the parasitemia averaged 7187.5 ± 6732.7 parasitos/mm3. The prevalence of males with 67.5% of cases. The locations of malaria infection ranged from 14 municipalities in the state of Pará, most of which originates in the city of Anajás. For 42.5% of patients it was the first episode of the disease and 57.5% of applicants. In the evaluation of anemia by hemoglobin, there - if the levels below reference values in 60% of patients and hematological and biochemical parameters showed that the mean values of hematocrit and red blood cells showed highly significant difference between subgroups of patients and non-anemic anemic. The determination of chloroquine and primaquine in patients on D0, D2, D7, D14 and D30 were performed. The mean values of 0, 1102.1, 546.7, 185.8 and 98.6 ng / ml for chloroquine and 0, 210.2, 345.0, 91.7 and 0 ng/ml for primaquine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do nível de concordância do teste imunocromatográfico OptiMAL-IT® e a gota espessa no diagnóstico da malária, no município de Mazagão-AP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) FADUL, Danielle Scerne; COUTO, Álvaro Augusto Ribeiro D'Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800209721205388
The precocious diagnosis and the opportune treatment of the cases of malaria is one of the main strategies for the control of the disease. Several alternatives for the traditional microscopic diagnosis were proposed in the last years, the Immunochromatographic tests that capture white antigens of the parasites of the malaria they are being proposed, as the test OptiMAL-IT® that captures the lactic desidrogenase of the Plasmodium sp.. The study had as objective the evaluation of the level of agreement between the Immunochromatographic test (OptiMAL-IT®) and the thick drop for the diagnosis of the malaria in the City of Mazagão – Amapá, Brazil. 413 individuals were analyzed with malaria sintomatology that had looked for the service of the unit of health service of the city, with age among 01-68 years. The results of the OptiMAL-IT® test were compared with the obtained results, of the same samples, through the thick drop red-faced by the Giemsa. Of the 413 patients suspicious to present malaria, 317(76.8%) were positive through GE and 311 (75.3%) were positive for TDR OptiMAL-IT®. Of the positive blades of GE, had been found 27.4% of P. falciparum and 72.6% of P. vivax . The OptiMAL-IT® test detected 27.7% of P. falciparum and 72.3% of P. vivax. The sensibility obtained with TDR for P. falciparum was of 97.7% and for P. vivax was of 98.2%, the global sensibility of TDR was of 98.1% and the global specificity for both the species was of 100%. They were found preditivos values positive and negative of 100% and 94.1%, respectively. The OptiMAL-IT® test had a high agreement with thick drop, it is specific and efficient. It can be used in the diagnosis of malaria in the situations where microscopy is not available.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos fatores de risco associados à transmissão do HTLV-1 e do HTLV-2, em doadores de sangue, na cidade de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-10) LOPES, Bruna Pedroso Tamegão; LEMOS, José Alexandre Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0820294977759092
In order to define the epidemiological profile of the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) among inapt blood donors population, at the HEMOPA Foundation, in Belém, state of Pará, we analyzed 113 epidemiological forms, related with risk factors associated with these retrovirus transmission, among carriers and noncarriers of HTLV. We observed that 76% (n=50) of the inapt blood donors were infected by HTLV-1 and 24% (n=16) by HTLV-2; 62% (n=70) of the carriers were male and 38% (n=43) were female, with a tendency of infection in this gender (p=0,007). The risk factors which exhibited significant results were: have received blood transfusion (p=0,0003), more specifically to HTLV-2 (p=0,02); have been breastfeeding from non-mother (p=0,006), more specifically to HTLV-1 (p=0,04); have been submitted to surgery (p=0,01), discriminately to HTLV-1 (p=0,03) and HTLV-2 (p=0,04); share blades/shavers (p=0,02), more specifically to HTLV-1 (p=0,02); do not use condoms during sexual intercourse (p=0,0003), discriminately to HTLV-1 (p=0,001) and HTLV-2 (p=0,002). Despite of the diverse stages existing in the process of selection of blood donors, which the main objective is to eliminate potentials candidates carrying transmissible blood diseases, in special of chronic and asymptomatic course, exist bias that disable an exempt process of fails.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização genética, correlação antigênica e ecoepidemiológica dos vírus do grupo C (Bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) isolados nas américas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-28) NUNES, Márcio Roberto Teixeira; ROSA, Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
To date, no molecular studies on group C viruses (Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) have been published. The current work determined the complete small RNA segment and partial medium RNA segment nucleotide sequences for group C members. The full-length SRNA sequences ranged from 915 to 926 nucleotides in length, and revealed similar organization in comparison with other orthobunyaviruses. Based on the 705 nt of the N gene, group C members were distributed into 3 major phylogenetic groups, with the exception of Madrid virus that was placed outside of these 3 groups. Analysis of the Caraparu virus strain BeH 5546 revealed that it has an SRNA sequence nearly identical to that of Oriboca virus and is a natural reassortant virus. In addition, analysis of 345 nucleotides of the Gn gene for seven group C viruses and for strain BeH 5546 revealed a different phylogenetic topology, suggesting a reassortment pattern among them. These findings represent the first evidence for natural reassortment among the group C viruses, which include several human pathogens. Furthermore, our genetic data corroborate previous antigenic relationships determined using serologic assays (complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests), and suggest that a combination of informative molecular, serological and ecological data is a helpful tool to understand the molecular epidemiology of orthobunyavirus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular de Klebsiella pneumoniae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro ampliado e Carbapenemase tipo KPC isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-13) MARQUES, Patrícia Bentes; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The K. pneumoniae constitute an important group of human patogen, causing of hospital and communitarian infections. In these bacteria, the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the main mechanisms of resistance the antimicrobials, responsible for the imperfection of the therapy against infections for gram-negative bacilli. This work aimed to do the molecular characterization of the K. pneumoniae producing ESBL and KPC about antimicrobial resistence in pacients from Belém-PA. A total of 124 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from public hospital from Belém-PA and susceptibility test was performed to detect its susceptibility patterns antibiotics. Phenotypic tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) producing strains were performed to detect the resistance phenotype of the isolates. Then PCR amplification and sequencing analysis were performed for the drug resistance determinants genes. The results showed that 83% strains harbored bla CTX-M gene, 85,5% carried bla SHV , 83% carried bla TEM and 5% carried bla KPC. The most frequent gene ESBL detected was bla CTX-M-71, which was observed in 60% of isolates. Other ESBL genes were bla SHV-38 (5% of isolates), bla SHV-100 (5% of isolates) and bla SHV-12 (3,5% of isolates). O gene bla KPC-2 was detected in 100% of isolates.These enterobacterias showed multidrug resistance phenotypes with high levels for quinolones and aminoglycosides. Associations between genotypes and antibiotic resistance were observed.The presence of multidrug resistant micro-organisms in hospitals, reinforces the need for measures for rapid containment of possibles infections caused by these pathogens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular dos vírus do grupo Gamboa (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) isolados nas américas e infecção experimental em pintos (Gallus gallus domesticus) com o vírus Gamboa cepa Be AN 439546
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-31) CHIANG, Jannifer Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Presently, little information on Gamboa serogroup viruses (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) is available. Thus, in this work, it was performed a comparative phylogenetic study on the members of the Gamboa serogroup and with other orthobunyaviruses to the level of the gene Gn (M-RNA); an experimental infections in the domestic bird (Gallus domesticus) using the strain Be AN 439546 of the Gamboa Virus (GAMV); and a serologic study using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test in serum samples of wild animals and humans collected in Tucuruí - Pará. The phylogenetic analysis of Gamboa group viruses demonstrated that they are genetically closely related to group Turlock viruses and less related to the Simbu group viruses. The group Gamboa viruses were distributed in two clades (I and II), that it is in agreement with the current serologic classification; the clade I correspond to the Gamboa complex and the clade II to the Alajuela complex. The strain Be AN 439546 presented tropism for chikens lung and liver, with viral replication in this organs confirmed by detection of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry. These results, demonstrate that this bird species is a susceptible host for GAMV replication. The detection of HI antibodies against GAMV, confirmed by neutralization tests were found in wild bird plasmas and reinforces the hypothesis that these animals constitute the main amplification hosts in the maintenance cycle of GAMV. Full length genome studies of the Gamboa serogroup viruses, as well as on the ecoepidemiology of their vectors and potential vertebrate hosts are needed to generate new data and to reinforce the understanding of the information already existent on those viruses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular e relação filogenética do genoma completo dos arbovírus Bussuquara, Iguape, Ilhéus e Rocio (Família Flaviviridae, Gênero Flavivirus)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-11-27) MEDEIROS, Daniele Barbosa de Almeida; NUNES, Márcio Roberto Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0299116892743368; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Flaviviruses have been known due their complex biological cycle and their relevance in public health and global economy. The ecologic aspected and clinic pictures are related with phylogeny and evolution of flaviviruses. This work aims the molecular characterization of Bussuquara (BSQV), Iguape (IGUV), Ilheus (VILH) e Rocio (VROC) flaviviruses genomes, determining their phylogenetic relationships with others members of genus Flavivirus. The study included: the full-length sequencing of the four Brazilian flaviviruses; analyzes of the predictive secondary structure of RNA and conserved sequences in the 3’NCR; determination of cleavage and glicosilation sites, cisteine residues and conserved motifs in the polyprotein; and similarity and phylogenetic analyzes. The BSQV, IGUV, VILH and VROC genomes present 10815 nt, 10922 nt, 10775 nt, and 10794 nt, respectively. The conserved standard sequences in 3’NCR of BSQV was RCS2-CS2-CS1, while to IGUV, ILHV and ROCV were CS3-RCS2-CS2-CS1. The secondary structure of RNA obtained for the Brazilian flaviviruses were similar to the other flaviviruses. The numbers of the glicosilation sites to PrM, E and NS1 proteins were distinct among the studied Brazilian flaviviruses, therefore the pattern 6,12,12 Cis residues and the cleavage sites were conserved. In the E protein, some singles mutations were observed in fusion peptide of BSQV, IGUV and ROCV, and the RGD motif were distinct for the flaviviruses under study. The motif that determines the MTase-SAM activity in NS5, as well as the helicase and protease activity in NS3 were conserved. Among the eight polimerase motifs in NS5, only the V, VI and VII motifs were observed single mutations in ILHV and ROCV. The similarity analyzes showed that BSQV presents high relationship with VIGU, while ILHV and ROV were more related among themselves, however those viruses were considerated distincts species. Based in the phylogenetic analyzes, molecular and biological characteristics, it was proposed the establishment of three distinct genetic groups: the Rocio group, grouping ILHV and ROCV, Bussuquara group formed by BSQV and Naranjal virus; and Aroa group, that include Aroa virus and IGUV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação dos níveis séricos e dos polimorfismos nos genes de citocinas (TNF-α, INF-γ, TGF-β1 e IL-10) com a apresentação clínica da hepatite B crônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) CONDE, Simone Regina Souza da Silva; VALLINOTO, Antonio Carlos Rosário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3099765198910740
Chronic hepatitis B has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations resulting from various factors, such as the pattern of secretion and polymorphism in cytokine genes. This work aims to correlate the TNF-α -308G/A, INF-γ +874A/T, TGF-β1 -509C/T e IL-10 -1081A/G polymorphisms and serum levels of these cytokines with the clinical presentation of hepatitis B. It was selected 53 consecutive cases of hepatitis B divided into group A (inactive carrier= 30) and B (chronic hepatitis / cirrhosis= 23). As a control, we selected 100 individuals anti-HBc and anti-HBs positives. Serum levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme immunoassays (eBiosceince, Inc. California, San Diego, USA). The gene amplification of cytokines was carried out by PCR and histopathological analysis followed by METAVIR classification. It was identified that genotype TNF-α -308GA was more prevalent among B group than controls and that presence of A allele increased the risk for chronic disease (OR= 2,6). The serum levels of INF-γ and IL-10 were higher (p <0,001) in controls than others groups A and B and the TGF-β1 levels were lower (p < 0,01) in controls. It was noted that inflammatory activity > 2 correlated with higher levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.01) and fibrosis > 2 with higher levels of INF-γ (p <0.01). In the studied population, lower INF-γ and IL-10 levels and higher TGF-β1 level were associated with chronic hepatitis B, and that the presence TNF-α -308 A allele increased in 2,6 the risk for chronic disease .
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dirofilariose canina em dois municípios da Ilha do Marajó, Estado do Pará, Brasil: um enfoque epidemiológico, morfológico e molecular
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-03) FURTADO, Adriano Penha; LANFREDI, Reinalda Marisa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5488452069004649
Filarids are elongate and filiforms nematodes parasites. Canids filarids parasites belong to the Onchocercidae Family and are represented mainly by Genus Acanthocheilonema, Dipetalonema and Dirofilaria. These filarids develop in different places in the vertebrate host, and need for haematophagus invertebrate host to complete your cycle. Different infection levels can occur, since assintomatic, until the death of dog. The filarids parasites of dogs are found mainly in the region between the tropics. In the Amazon region a little is known about the distribution of these parasites, and until this moment, a study of distinguishing diagnosis was not performed. With this objective, we choose two cities in the Marajó Island (Salvaterra and São Sebastião da Boa Vista) and carry through a epidemiologic, morphologic and molecular studies. The percentage of microfilaremics dogs was of 37.34% in Salvaterra and 6.67% in São Sebastião da Boa Vista, resulting in a total prevalence of 32.45%. Analyzing the morphologic characteristics of the collected adult filarids, we concluded that these worms are of the Dirofilaria immitis species. For analysis of genic region, we conclude that the microfilariaes found in the dogs blood studied are also D. immitis species, and that these dogs had not presented mixing infection.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de helmintos de Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau 1855 (Pisces siluriformes) da foz do Rio Guamá e Baia do Guajará, Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-10) GIESE, Elane Guerreiro; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4543897195525368; VALLINOTO, Antonio Carlos Rosário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3099765198910740
Descriptive taxonomy studies of fish parasites in the Amazon Region are relevant, considering the great biodiversity of known hosts. The aim of this was to analyze parasites found in Ageneiosus ucayalensis, describing new helminthes species, redescribing species and finding new hosts for species of known helminthes, using Light Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Molecular Biology. A. ucayalensis, a fresh water siluriform from South America, is poorly studied, despite its importance in the trophic chain of fresh water environment and the great value in the regular diet of Amazonian populations. Those hosts inhabit the base level of Guamá river and Guajará Bay being parasited by helminthes of Phyla Plathyhemintes, Acanthocephala and Nematoda, which are described for the first time. In this study two new species of Nematoda were described, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) belenensis and Cucullanus ageneiosus; new host and new occurrence were described for Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus; moreover, we described larval forms of nematoda of Families Anisakidae (Anisakis sp.), Cystidicolidae (Pseudoproleptus sp.) and Cucullanidae (Cucullanus sp.) parasiting A. ucayalensis. Parasites of phylum Plathyhelmintes, Class Cestoda, represented by metacestodes and adults of family Proteocephalidae were also described, as well as class Monogenea, represented by helminthes of family Dactylogiridae, subfamily Ancyrocephalinae and phylum Acanthocephala by specimens of Neoechinorhynchidae, family (Genus Neoechinorhynchus). We believe that the present study contributes with important data to parasite biodiversity from Amazon Region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade genética de isolados ambientais de Vibrio cholerae da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-30) SÁ, Lena Líllian Canto de; VICENTE, Ana Carolina Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9393006603341915
Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is an autochtonus bacterium of aquatic environment in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Cholera is endemic and epidemic in many countries in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. In this study our goal was to detemine the genetic diversity of V.cholerae environmental isolates from aquatic ecosystems in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 148 environmental strains of V.cholerae non-O1 and non-O139 (NAG) and O1 serogroups, isolated from the Amazon region since 1977 to 2007, were characterized and compared with clinical strains of V.cholerae O1 from sixty and seventh cholera pandemic. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) was performed to determine the clonal relationships between V.cholerae non-O1, O1 environmental and clinical strains. The presence of virulence genes (hlyA/hem, hlyB, hlyC, rtxA, rtxC, tcp, ctx, zot, ace, stn/sto) and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons (intI 1, 2 e 3) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Whole genome macrorestriction analysis revealed that the environmental V.cholerae NAGs were more diverse than the environmental O1 strains, both groups segregate in distinct clusters and most of environmental O1 strains show a clonal relationship with seventh cholera pandemic strains. The distribution of virulence genes in NAGs strains is largely different from that of O1 strains which, in general, were positive for all virulence genes analyzed excepting for stn/sto and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Some O1 environmental strains, belonging to the seventh pandemic lineage, went through an extensive gene loss. Distinct NAGs strains were stn/sto+ and intI 1+. Two alleles of aadA were found: aadA2 and aadA7. Interestingly, V.cholerae O1 environmental strains belonging to the pandemic lineage were only isolated during the period of cholera epidemic in the Amazon region of Brazil (1991-1996).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Doadores de sangue positivos em triagem sorológica para doença de Chagas no Acre: necessidade de adequação e orientação diagnóstica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-24) SILVA, Pablo Rodrigo de Andrade e; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923
This study, which involved 77,893 blood donors who attended for the first time the Blood Center of Acre, from January 1997 to December 2008, aimed to: 1) to identify individuals with positive serology for Chagas disease, 2) characterize clinically, individuals with positive serology for Chagas' disease and 3) properly orient individuals serologically positive for therapy advocated. The sample consisted of 91.6% of male patients, with an average age around 47, all residents of the state of Acre. Serological screening was performed with the application of the ELISA positive results with 102 of these, 12 were included and subjected to confirmatory testing, of whom 11 had confirmed the positive result. According to the evaluation of complementary exams (ECG, echocardiography and endoscopy), a donor had installed the cardiac and the other an indeterminate form of the disease. You must provide the confirmatory test for Chagas disease in the routine of blood banks in order to ensure timely referral to a qualified medical assistance to that blood donor who became Chagas’ patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A epidemiologia das doenças infecciosas no início do século XX e a criação da Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-03) MIRANDA, Aristóteles Guilliod de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The late nineteenth century showed two important features in the area of health. The first indicated the continuous occurrence of diseases caused by infectious agents that included yellow fever, malaria, cholera and smallpox. On the other hand, the economic situation of the state of Pará with the early loss of exclusivity extractive production of the largest wealth generator for the state, the rubber, has led to a situation where it became increasingly difficult and expensive training new medical doctors abroad or in other Brazilian states. The early twentieth century brought the opening of colleges in Belém, including two in the area of health (Pharmacy and Dentistry), as well as national legislation for the creation and opening of medical courses. The state of Pará, under the influence of the effort of Oswaldo Cruz with his work of eliminating yellow fever in the city of Belém, in a practical application of the new knowledge generated by the description of infectious agents in their transmission by vectors and application of new ways of preventing and controlling diseases (sanitation and vaccines) after organizing at first through a scientific society in innovative ways, creates the 8th medical school in Brazil, on January 9, 1919, named Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia descritiva de Salmonella em ecossistemas aquáticos de diferentes áreas do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-20) LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Surveillance of Salmonella serotypes in aquatic environments is an important procedure for the monitoring of human and animal infections. The analysis of 694 samples of water collected from river, creek, bay, beaches, lake, well, nascent, provisioning water, stream, drainage and sewage distributed along 11 districts in the State of Pará, Brazil, yielded 212 (30,5%) contaminated samples with 91 serotypes and 2,115 strains of Salmonella. In Belém, 77 sorotypes were identified out of 1,300 isolates from freshwater and sewage; S. Saintpaul, S. Panama, S. Muenster, S. Hadar and S. Agona were the most frequent serotypes. In the National Forest of Caxiuanã, 69,4% of water samples were positive for Salmonella and 17 serotypes were identified, being S. Panama, S. Miami and S. Gaminara the most frequent ones. Antibiotic resistance was described in 64.8% of the Salmonella isolates from aquatic environments, with a special importance to streptomycin (97,1%) and tetracycline (10,8%). The presence of Salmonella and thermo-tolerant coliforms in superficial and underground water was frequently associated, but E.coli was not isolated in ten occasions. Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment broth was more efficient than Selenite Cystine for the isolation of Salmonella when kept at 42,5ºC. The serotypes isolated from sewage closely resembled the isolates originated from human fecal cultures during the same period. The results show the dissemination of Salmonella in aquatic environments in the State of Pará and the risk to the health of the human population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia molecular do Vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas - HTLV 1/2 no Estado do Amapá-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) SILVA, Ivanete do Socorro Pinheiro da; ISHAK, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2847150361567807
The geographical distribution of the infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1/2 – HTLV 1 / 2 is extensive, nevertheless, there are areas that are more endemic and have more particularities depending on the HTLV type. The HTLV 1 shows a bigger occurrence in south west of Japan, Caribbean, Central America, in different regions of South America and in parts of Central, as well as in western Africa, while HTLV-2, seems to assault distinct groups of people, such as Indians native people from North, Central and South America, Pigmies from Central Africa, Mongols in Asia as well as in infecting drug users. The present work had as objective describing HTLV molecular epidemiology, in three different populations the State of Amapá, they are: HIV/IDS positive patients, Afro-descenig population and individuals assisted of Public Health Center Laboratory of Amapá – LACEN-AP, directed for diagnosis of HTLV. The samples were tested for the presence of virus using serological (ELISA and Western blot) and molecular assays (gene amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism from pX and env for the analysis of polimorfismo o restriction fragments for endonuclease action. The obtained results in different populations are In the population of HIV infected people, all the samples were negative; in the Afro-desceding population, only one sample was positive confirmed by serological test (ELISA), but negative according to western blot test and submitted to the molecular analysis, there wast not amplification. However, among samples of individuals directed for diagnosis of HTLV, 06 (six) were positive, 5(five) out of 6/them were confirmed by western blot test. The molecular result demonstrated the presence of HTLV-1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da ação da crotoxina sobre o perfil de ativação de macrófagos peritoneais infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-12) FARIAS, Luis Henrique Seabra de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a parasitic disease widely spread in most countries of Latin America, and caused by different species of the genus Leishmania. This protozoan is an obligate intracellular parasite that developed mechanisms to subvert the microbicidal activity of macrophages, such as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. The chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for this disease, although the antileishmanial drugs available are in general toxic, expensive and require long-term treatment. Thus, the development of new natural products to treat leishmaniasis has become a priority. Ophidian toxins are natural sources of bioactive products with therapeutic properties already described. Therefore, we considered analyze the activity of crotoxin (CTX), a dimeric protein and the main neurotoxic component of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and macrophages. The toxin significantly decreasing of 32,5% on the growth of promastigotes at 1,2μg/mL and 24,9% at 4,8μg/mL after 96 hours of treatment (IC50= 22,86μg/mL). The colorimetric assay (MTT) showed that this compound presented no cytotoxic effects against macrophages. Interestingly, CTX treated macrophages presented a significant higher capacity to metabolize the MTT substrate (mean= 59,78% ±3,31, higher) when compared with untreated control. It was observed that treated macrophages presented intense production of ROS (mean= 35,95% ±2,76, higher) when compared with untreated cells. Treated macrophages presented increased phagocytic activity and were capable to eliminate intracellular parasites. Besides that, these cells had it NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines production increased and morphological alteration that characterizes the M1 cellular activation profile. That activation culminates with the parasite elimination throughout host response, reverting the anergic action promoted by L. amazonensis, thereby leading to a good disease prognostic, evidencing that this compound could be a promising antileishmanial agent.