Dissertações em Engenharia de Infraestrutura e Desenvolvimento Energético (Mestrado) - PPGINDE/NDAE/Tucuruí
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da viabilidade técnico-econômica da geração de energia solar fotovoltaica em unidades de confinamento bovino com sombreamento artificial(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-28) MORAES, Emerson Ricardo de; MOURÃO, Raphael de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6637481796428177; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The increase in worldwide population caused a rising search by food, both origins, vegetable and animal. Due the decrease in rural areas to destined for livestock activities, as a result to greater use of areas for agriculture, there are an intensification in cattle farming, the aim to use a smallest area of property for a large quantities of animals, at same time, associated the animal welfare and its thermal comfort, and provide improvement in production system. This population increase also implicate in higher demand for electric energy sources, due to the improvement of living standards and advances technologic. The objective this work was to analyze the technical and economic viability of the generation of solar photovoltaic energy, in line the livestock activity, using the shading sheds coverage in beef cattle feedlot. A bibliographic study was carried out on the animal yield of the Nellore breed, in confinement in a tropical climate, in the situation of total exposure to the sun or with the use of shady sheds. Three scenarios were created for the analysis of animal welfare, the animal being confined in the open, confinement with the use of shading sheds and confinement with the generation of solar photovoltaic energy on the roof of its shading shed. Two alternative meteorological stations were made to collected the samples of local climatic variables, and calculate the indices of thermal comfort and animal well-being, and to identify the possible beef cattle yield at the study site. Budgets for items and services were made for the execution of projects for containment pens, roof sheds and distributed generation of photovoltaic solar energy, for further analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of the projects. The results showed greater economic viability, with greater profitability and shorter return on investment, for the treatments of confinement pens in the open, which present, for the population of 200, 600 and 1000 animals, an IRR of 75.86%, 86.71% and 89.88%, PI of 4.68, 5.34 and 5.53 and discounted payback of 1.49, 1.29 and 1.24 years, respectively, while for the construction of the entire structure together with the generation of solar photovoltaic energy, it was obtained, in the same order, IRR of 22.30%, 14.09% and 14.62%, PI of 1.58, 1.18 and 1.21 and discounted payback of 5.17, 7.71 and 7.48 years. Although the economic feasibility was not the best, treatments with a photovoltaic energy generation system connected to the distribution network, when built together with the structures of confinement and shed pens, provide greater comfort to the animals and enable the generation of energy renewable. The result of the photovoltaic installation was more economically viable, when mounted on shed structures already existing in confinement systems for 200 animals, which presented an IRR of 23.72%, PI of 1.65 and a discounted payback of 4.88 years. It is concluded that the most viable design option for the creation of animals in feedlot, is the open model for the largest number of animals, while for the generation of energy, it is the system connected to the low voltage network mounted on shed structures already in feedlot systems for 200 animals, without the need for demand contracts, containing 200 photovoltaic panels.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise do aproveitamento energético em redes de distribuição de água com a utilização de bombas como turbina (BFT)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-31) SILVA, Victor Renan Barbosa da; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913Climate change has intensified research related to the production of renewable energies around the world. In this sense, the present study intends to contribute to the analysis of the use of Pumps Functioning as Turbine (PAT) to replace Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV), aiming both at the control of pressure in water distribution networks, as well as , consequently, its use for energy generation. The installed PAT must be able to operate under different flow rates due to fluctuations in the water consumption rate, which makes it difficult to select the appropriate pump, therefore, the selection process of PATs to replace PRVs was optimized by combining two selection methods and PAT prediction, Williams (1995) the first method was used to select the appropriate PAT according to height and flow data available in the network, then the method of Rossi et al. (2019) was used to evaluate the characteristic curves of the pump as a turbine, with particular attention to out-of-design operating conditions. Two simulations were performed for the optimization process, considering the PAT with constant speed, applied to a real network that was divided into 3 district measurement areas (DMA). In the first simulation a PAT was added to the network to replace a PRV located at (DMA 3), in the second simulation two PATs were added to the network (DMA 3) to replace the PRVs. The results show, in simulation 2, that the pressure control was better, in addition to the recovery of electrical energy, which was 190.96 kWh/day or 69.70 MWh/year, corresponding to a reduction of 41.74 tons of CO2 not emitted. Thus, the energy recovery was 267% higher compared to simulation 1. In addition, the pressure control also presented satisfactory results, staying within the established standards. Therefore, the combination of Williams' (1995) and Rossi et al. (2019), simplified the work of BFT selection and prediction with significant results and it was possible to conclude that BFTs working at peak consumption hours can adjust the required standard pressure and, in the rest, PRVs can regulate the pressure. In this case, in addition to controlling the pressure continuously, significant renewable energy can be recovered from the WDNItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de modelo de elemento de pá aplicado a turbinas eólicas com difusores através de análise CFD(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-30) BEZERRA, Waldson Melo; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662The diffuser effect on free flow turbines shows a possibility of reaching a power coefficient greater than that of a classic turbine, exceeding the Betz limit. The present work evaluated the effect of an Eppler 423 profile diffuser coupled in a horizontal axis wind turbine with a 4-bladed rotor NACA 65(3) 618 profile. Using computational fluid mechanics (CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics), numerical simulations were performed allowing to obtains more information about the fluid flow and the increase in extracted power for configurations with and without diffuser for the velocity of 7 m/s. Considering the dimensions of the test section, the results obtained in the CFD analyses were validated through experimental results, in which the rotor and diffuser assembly were confined in a wind tunnel. It was observed that coupling the diffuser to the turbine considerably increased the fluid velocity, providing a 37% increase in the initial velocity of the flow. Showed an increase in the power coefficient in the order of 45,45% with the use of the diffuser, for the same flow velocity, 7 m/s. Thus, through the results obtained numerically in this work, it was possible to obtain reliable data for the evaluation of a specified Blade Element Momentum (BEM) model applied to diffuser-augmented wind turbines, which is employed to analyze the same turbine rotor and diffuser designs. Despite the good results of the BEM model, the present study indicates possible improvements for the consistency of the modeling.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Critério do coeficiente de pressão mínimo aplicado ao dimensionamento de bombas axiais: caso de estudo para um túnel de água circulante(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-15) RAMALHO, Rodolfo Vitorino Correia; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662An analysis of the pressure coefficient on the suction side of blades is presented as a design criterium for axial-flow pumps. A CFD model is developed and validated from experimental tests available in the literature. The model uses the finite volume method through the commercial software Ansys CFX. In the criterion application step, the X-Foil software is used to determine the lift and drag coefficients of the blade profiles. A case study is presented for the dimensioning of axial-flow pumps for a large recirculation tunnel, to be used for testing vessels, naval structures and hydrokinetic turbines. Special attention is given to pump cavitation conditions. The criterion of the minimum pressure coefficient is then evaluated by the CFD model, showing good performance for the pump.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dispersão de energia em um cristal granular hexagonal decorado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) RAMOS, Jorde Anthonny Alves; MACHADO, Luis Paulo Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702289670734922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-3632The decorated hexagonal granular crystal consists of main spherical grains arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal array, with small spherical grains filling the interstitial spaces. These additional grains barely touch the main grains, increasing the number of contacts per grain. Additionally, all grains are initially at rest, with null velocities. For comparation, we used results from a similiar arrangement without decoration (i.e., without interstitial grains). We investigated the mechanical responses of both granular arrangements to the punctual incidence of an external grain. Our analysis focused on how the mechanical energy is dispersed and mitigated after a single initial impact. The proposed model confirmed the significant role of interstitial grains in the granular crystal. The decorated arrangement demonstrated accelerated behavior of the energy wavefront, both in its mitigation and propagation. In our analysis of energy scattering orientations, we found that the decorated arrangement exhibits greater energy mitigation and reorientation of return energy compared to the undecorated arrangement. Thus, the addition of interstitial grains promoves a greater return of mechanical energy to the external medium of origin. We conclude that with proper decoration, a granular crystal could act as a barrier against strong impacts.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estabilidade da geração de energia em usinas hidrelétricas com turbinas Francis reversíveis: estudo de caso UHE Tucuruí(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-16) MADUREIRA, Angelo Torres; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662Reversible hydroelectric power plant projects have been consolidated on the international energy scene since the 1970s and are increasingly common as a solution in ancillary services for integration with intermittent energy sources (FEI) during peak hours. In Brazil, the large hydroelectric generation base allowed this need to be postponed for a long period. HPP Tucuruí, the last hydroelectric plant in the Tocantins River cascade, is a landmark in national engineering. Equipped with two powerhouses with an installed capacity of 8,535 MW, it has been largely responsible for regulating the FEI in Brazil, especially wind farms in the northeast region. Its Francis turbines at Powerhouse 1 have a nominal power of 350 MW each, maximum flows of 600 m3/s, Francis rotors with a diameter of 8.15m and 12 blades and a specific speed of 86.9 rpm.m3/4 are machines of considerable capacity and has been widely used by the ONS for power regulation. However, the model used for load dispatch shows clear signs of exhaustion, when comparing the growth in the accumulation of electromechanical damage in the generating units. One possibility of mitigating the severity of damage and increasing generation stability is the partial conversion of generating units to TR (Reversible Turbine) operating in hydraulic short circuit, with the aim of stabilizing dispatched power and consequently reducing the frequency of starts and stops. . This work presents the development of a methodology to predict the hydromechanical behavior of Francis turbines converted into reversible turbines in hydroelectric plants. A one-dimensional mathematical model based on the application of the Euler equation for the turbine and pump modes is preliminarily used. The triangle of speeds at the rotor inlet and outlet is formed, for a preliminary analysis of the flow in the Francis rotor. Characteristic curves of flow, torque and power of reversible turbines are produced, based on statistical correlations of existing machines, obtained from the literature. In the end, the hydro energy model is validated and a case study is presented at HPP Tucuruí. The results indicate the technical feasibility of operating stability with a reduction in starts and stops of unconverted generating units. In the dimensionless curves generated, it was not possible to obtain the optimal performance condition in pump mode, with the adoption of the same existing Francis rotor. Therefore, modifications to the mechanical and electrical design of the generating units must be carried out to achieve more stable and safe operation. The use of reversible turbines in this work is not intended to increase energy storage, but rather for the purpose of stability of machine operation and reduction of electromechanical damage, which for this purpose is technically viable.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Partidas e paradas em usinas hidrelétricas: atendimento ao ONS e custos operacionais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-19) MACHADO, Jucileia Cruz; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662Hydroelectric plants (UHEs) connected to the National Interconnected System (SIN) have their operation under the rules of the National System Operator (ONS), which generate operational conditions that are often not suitable for the generating units, whether due to low efficiency or limit conditions. operation that affect maintenance, such as wear and cavitation. This work investigates the short-term dispatch process, a one-day horizon, for a large hydroelectric plant that is part of the national interconnected system (SIN). The Tucuruí hydroelectric plant was used as a base and case study, where data on generation, hydrology and the number of starts and stops of the installation were mapped, as well as the influence on costs associated with the number of intervention requests. A strategy is proposed to minimize the number of starts and stops, using the change of operating points of the generating units on the hill curve, observing the drop height, power and yield points possible to meet the system demand, without having to the need for successive starts and stops. The result of this investigation, for the year analyzed, obtained a reduction, for one operating day (24h), of around 26% in changes in status (starting and stopping) of the generating units, proving that it is possible to make adjustments at the points of operation of generating units, within the limits permitted by operational restrictions, with a focus on reducing starts and stops.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Predição de bombas funcionando como turbinas em toda a faixa de operação: estudo de caso de uma rede de distribuição de água(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-18) GAIA, Juliana Garcia; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662Nowadays, the importance of reducing energy costs and/or obtaining alternative forms of generation has increased more and more. In this context, pumps working as turbines (BFT) emerge as a sustainable alternative for energy generation taking advantage of the hydraulic potential of a location. However, the adversity found is related to the BFT operating range in turbine mode. This work aims to theoretically determine the operating range of pumps working as turbines of pumps selected to work as pressure reducing valves (PRV) in the water supply system (SAA) of Vila Permanente, in Tucuruí. Three experimental studies were evaluated and the methods of Sharma & Williams (1995), Yang et al. (2012) and Alatorre-Frenk (1994) to achieve the PATs head (Ht) and flow (Qt) prediction results in turbine mode at the best efficiency point (BEP); after that, the method developed by Rossi (2019) was applied, which works outside the entire operating range of the BFT, combined with the methods in the BEP to obtain the characteristic curves Q x H (flow x head) and Q x η ( flow x efficiency) of the BFT in turbine mode; and finally, the results obtained through the methods were compared with the results of experimental studies, so that the best combination of methods was selected. Then, with the height and flow values of the pressure points in the SAA of Vila Permanente, centrifugal pumps were selected to work as turbines, applying the best combination of method and then obtaining the characteristic curves Q x H (flow x head) and Q x η (flow x efficiency) of the BFT in turbine mode, in order to reveal various points where the BFT can operate; in addition to energy recovery calculations with values in KW per day, month and year. In water supply systems, energy costs are excessive and it is common to use pressure reducing valves at points where this reduction is necessary to ensure the right circumstances for the transport of water in the pipeline. In this way, it is understood that there is a waste of energy that could be used in the system itself.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Protótipo para análise técnico-econômica de bombas funcionando como turbinas em redes de distribuição de água(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) VIANA, Ingrid Luna Baia; SOUZA, Davi Edson Sales e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6130270007673176; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-9632-5667; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The growing need for sustainable solutions in water distribution networks requires technologies that optimize energy efficiency and reduce operating costs. However, choosing the best alternative for implementing Pumps Operating as Turbines (BFTs) is challenging due to the multiple technical and economic criteria involved. Therefore, this study proposes a decision support model, employing multicriteria techniques and computer programming to assist in selecting the most viable alternative within different scenarios. The analysis focuses on the technical-economic feasibility of BFTs in Water Distribution Networks (RDAs), using the TOPSIS method, where data will be evaluated and classified by similarity to ideal conditions. Implemented in Python, the system ensures calculation accuracy, with a graphical interface called FliessEnergy, hosted by Vercel, with a responsive and scalable layout, providing an optimized user experience. Practical application with real RDA data demonstrated its effectiveness in prioritizing the most advantageous alternatives. The results indicated that Scenario 1 presented the best configuration for implementing BFTs, while Scenario 5 was the least favorable alternative. This classification of alternatives helps managers make decisions, taking into account both the proximity to the best conditions and the distance from the worst. To assess the reliability and consistency of the codes, PyTOPS, free software that allows several simulations with changes in the weights of the criteria, was used. A total of 500 simulations were performed, resulting in reduced variability between the scenarios, which reinforces the robustness of the model and its ability to generate consistent classifications even with small changes in the parameters. The model proved consistent and reliable, offering a useful instrument for evaluating the implementation of BFTs in RDAs. It is expected that, with future improvements and integration of databases, this solution can contribute significantly to strategic decisions in the sanitation sector in Brazil.