Dissertações em Engenharia de Infraestrutura e Desenvolvimento Energético (Mestrado) - PPGINDE/NDAE/Tucuruí

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9401

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Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do ciclo de vida da cadeia da banana na região do Lago de Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-20) PINHEIRO, Joana Cláudia Zandonadi; MESQUITA, Andre Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; GOMES, Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7074266533007983
This work deals with the analysis of the banana life cycle in the Lake of Tucuruí region, in the State of Pará. The environmental impacts of this product and its production chain are quantified. It is also evaluated the potential of beneficiation, aiming the incentive of its production in the region. Regional banana producers were visited on their properties, where they mapped the life-cycle flows of this product, from planting to sale. The methodology applied in the research involves the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tool, which allows the visualization of the environmental and economic contributions of each productive process. This approach makes it possible to focus analysis on reducing environmental impacts and on better processing practices and costs of product processing. The obtained results show that the properties studied have similar emission indices of environmental impacts as others studied in the world and that the stages of the planting until the formation of the fruit have elevated indices of emissions, so that the application of best practices to the processes, so that there is potential reduction of the environmental impacts generated. The LCA methodology used was extremely important to identify the factors that impact the problems of agricultural production. Thus, we can propose improvements in the use of natural resources for the properties studied, seeking conservation and sustainability for future generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cálculo de ar induzido pela queda livre de materiais granulares via CFD
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-17) LIMA, Leandro Ferreira Borba; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The proposal of the work consists of presenting an analysis method via ANSYS-Fluent using the DDPM tool (Dense Discrete Phase Model) of the integrated Eulerian multiphase model, a better understanding of the flow of granulated material with the adjacent induced air due to the drag provided by the free-falling particles, which result in the generation and propagation of dust, avoid simulations with materials where particle density and diameters are variable. The use of this analysis tool will make it possible to improve and improve de dusting projects in industries that work with granular materials that emit dust. The simulations carried out were compared with other computational methods and practical experiments, in addition to previous theoretical formulas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de sistema de diagnóstico de falhas em roletes de transportadores de correia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-28) SOARES, João Lucas Lobato; MESQUITA, Alexandre Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3605920981600245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-8381
Belt conveyors are essential equipment in mining industry and require constant monitoring to maintain good reliability. In order to support the belt and the material being conveyed, rollers are components that constantly fail during operation, in which they present faults in bearings and surface wear in the shell as the most common failure modes. Thus, monitoring based on predictive maintenance is essential, and machine learning techniques can be used as an alternative for detecting equipment failures. In diagnostics using machine learning, the feature selection step is important to avoid loss of accuracy in the classification of the equipment's condition. The present study analyzes the performance of the decision tree algorithm and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as alternative methods for dimensionality reduction. Initially, the vibration signals were collected on the rollers of a belt conveyor bench and the Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) was applied to the signals to obtain the energy ranges, which were used as features for classification. After the determination of the best features, two approaches were analyzed for the selection of features: one with the application of the method without dimensionality reduction and the other with the application of the decision tree. In addition, different classification algorithms were used: Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As a result, it was found a superior performance of diagnostic accuracy in all techniques with a reduction in the dimensionality of the characteristics selected by the decision tree. In addition, SVM, kNN and ANN showed increases in accuracy ranging among the fault diagnosis models approached.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de túnel de vento para avaliação de bicos de pulverização no abatimento de poeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-20) SANTOS, Danilo Silva; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Mining is extremely important economically and socially for the industry, especially iron ore, but along with its benefits, it also has environmental impacts generated in different ways, such as dust. This inconvenience has caused disruptions to mining enterprises, such as production shutdowns and heavy fines, as well as problems for people who work in the companies and surrounding communities, due to health problems associated with inhaling dust and dirt from the environments, making them unhealthy and devalued. Dust control mechanisms have been widely studied and one of these is dust control using spraying of suppressant solutions. Studying the efficiency of spray nozzles has become of great importance and bench tests act as efficient means of understanding the mechanism of dust abatement from minerals. Research has been common to use wind tunnels. Thus, a tunnel was built capable of evaluating 5 different nozzles and their efficiencies in suppressing pellet feed and sinter feed at two speeds and different water pressures. It was concluded that the tunnel is capable, through the methodology used, of evaluating and comparing the best nozzle, demonstrating that it is an important tool in consolidating this knowledge in the Fluid Dynamics and Particulates Laboratory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um túnel para secagem e emissão de minério em condições ambientais controladas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-15) SILVA, Artur José Cunha da; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
A dust emission is present in the various stages of the mineral industry, from extraction in mines to ship loading in ports. Transport in train wagons, storage in stockpiles and handling are three major sources of particulate emissions into the atmosphere. Suspended dust does not only affect the local environment, as the wind transports the particulates and brings disturbances to urban centers close to railway networks and ports. Larger particles are deposited on surfaces, outperforming visual surfaces, and smaller, unresearched particles with a size between 10 and 2.5μm are easily inhaled and lodge in lung tissue, potentially causing irritation or necrosis. Dust emission is enhanced by local atmospheric conditions, which cause the evaporation of surface moisture from the wet ore, breaking the liquid bridges that keep the particles linked together. Aiming at studying the dynamics of drying ore, a drying tunnel was designed and built, comprising a wind tunnel, cooling, heating and humidification equipment that are interconnected by a supervision and control system. The use of the bench for drying studies using sinter feed is known to be satisfactory, as the temperature remained stabilized at the setpoint during the drying time, reflecting the good calibration of the temperature PID controller. Moisture and ore mass were automatically measured using a scale and a capacitive moisture sensor positioned in the test section of the bench. The constant rate and descending rate drying curves only in the lightest weather conditions. The biggest limitations and variations were observed only in the period with decreasing drying rate, showing the influence of environmental conditions on the drying dynamics. Therefore, this work leaves as a contribution the preparation tunnel for future research and an experimental database for the calibration of numerical models and models of mathematical models for prediction prediction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação experimental da vazão de despoeiramento na descarga de carvão coqueificável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) CHAVES, Gabriel Guedes; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Dust control mechanisms during industrial processes are often carried out using spray nozzle methods or exhaust systems, equipped with bag filters. The following work aims to develop an experimental method to determine the volume of exhaust in different quantities of materials and different heights of material discharge. A test protocol is presented to design exhaust systems for any material, mass flow and drop height, using an experimental method in which it simulates the material drop in order to evaluate experimental dedust flow rates for an industrial ventilation system. A literature review of the current empirical models of exhaustion volume is presented. The methodology is correlated through the concentration of respirable particles measured by the measurement equipment with the exhaust flow data. The results presented are for coal, comparing existing and suggested correlations with experimental data for three different heights of fall. It is hoped, therefore, to support design engineers in the design of industrial exhaust systems, reducing the damage caused by fine particles in workers and in the population that lives near the polluting source.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimensionamento de soluções acústicas para máquina aplicada à extração de fibras do pseudocaule da bananeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-28) SILVA, Geanilson Brito da; MESQUITA, Alexandre Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3605920981600245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-8381
The Lake Tucuruí Integration Region (RI) stands out for its banana production in the state of Pará, making it one of the main producers of the fruit. However, the income of farmers in the region with banana production is restricted only to the sale of the fruit, discarding the other parts of the banana tree, which can be used to manufacture products with higher added value. With the use mainly of the fibers of the banana pseudo-stem, several products can be generated, boosting the development of banana cultivation in the region and promoting an increase in employment and income. Aiming at this socioeconomic growth of the RI Lago de Tucuruí, the present work presents, in its first part, an analysis of the fiber extraction machine of the banana pseudo-stem at the Federal University of Pará, Campus de Tucuruí, which will serve the small producers and cooperatives of farmers in the region. In the operation of the machine, it was found that it has noise problems. The sound pressure levels measured around the machine are above the normative limits. Thus, studies were carried out to define acoustic solutions aimed at solving the problem. In the second part, the main focus of this work is to present the acoustic solutions for the fiber extraction machine, including the specification of vibration isolators, replacement of the electric motor fan and dimensioning of the partial enclosure of the machine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experimento em escala de emissão de poeira no processo de empilhamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-25) CASTRO, Maycon Magalhães; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; MACHADO, Luis Paulo Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702289670734922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-3632
Dust emission can lead to health problems, explosion risk, material segregation and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the parameters related to dust generation to improve particulate emission control techniques. Dust reduction based on spray spraying is the main method to prevent and control dust emission in ore stacking. Dust suppression techniques at conveyor belt transfer points can be subdivided into material spraying and trapping of fugitive particles. To analyze the parameters associated with dust generation during ore stacking, a scaled conveyor bench was developed for dust suppression tests via water spray. This installation is equipped with spray nozzles whose relative location on the belt can be adjusted and the speed of the conveyor can also be controlled. The spray jet is provided by a set of spray module and flow divider, allowing the variation of the system pressure and with the possibility of using suppressors, which can increase the efficiency of particle capture. Dust suppression performance is analyzed by monitoring strategic points with the highest dust emission. The results of this investigation show that dust generation increased as the drop height increased, it was observed that the region close to the pile emits a higher concentration of dust, due to the impact of the material flow on the stacking surface, in compared to the front region of the flow. The results after using the spray on the belt showed that the highest drop height (1600 mm) emitted the highest concentration of particles (3192.72 μg/m3) after spraying, on the material, the dust concentration reduced by about almost 70%, showing the efficiency of spray humidification. It was also observed that PF has a higher critical humidity than that of SF, as well as that it emits a higher concentration (1116.52 μg/m3) compared to Sinter feed (848.14 μg/m3), making it evident that by as it is a material with a smaller granulometry, the pellet feed tends to emit a higher concentration of particulates when handled.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Procedimentos experimentais para avaliação da emissão de poeira em manuseio de minério
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-29) SANTOS JUNIOR, Ronaldo Menezes dos; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The generation of dust during the handling and transportation of bulk causes a series of problems, such as the erected air and loss of valuable material. Due to the risk associated with inhalation of dust, several control mechanisms have been adopted. The use of water is a viable option to inhibit the generation of dust, although the use of chemical suppressants is in some cases more appropriate. However, standards and methods for characterizing the generation of particulates are not very consolidated in the literature, for the proper selection of the control mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to develop test methodologies to evaluate the emission of minerals particulate. The emission of particulate during transport was evaluated in a test bench developed by adapting an existing wind tunnel, using a wagon model and air speeds of 40 km/h and 70 km/h, for different iron ore moisture values. Results show that the increase in flow speed increases the loss of material mass contained inside the wagon model and the increase in material moisture significantly reduces the loss of mass, being enhanced with the use of dust suppressants applied to the material surface. To simulate material handling, a bench was developed using the dust tower technique concept, which allows dust generation tests during material discharge. In the results obtained, it is also verified that the increase in material moisture significantly reduces the emission of particulates, being more evident for materials that have a higher percentage of fines. The influence of suppressants was also evaluated, and among the tested reagents Fe2(SO4)3 showed the best result for the pellet feed milled, greatly reducing the emission of particulates in relation to the use of water only. For pellets, Ca(OH)2 showed the best results without curing time and CaCl2 for the condition with curing time of 2 hours. Therefore, the results show that the benches and experimental procedures developed, presented satisfactory and coherent results, which are reliable for the characterization of the emission of particulates from different materials.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projeto e fabricação de extrusora monorrosca com matriz de extrusão filamentar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-25) RODRIGUES, Rodimilson Coelho; EL BANNA, Wassim Raja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005046563115507; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-5085-4352; NASCIMENTO, Walber Alexandre do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8022410578951099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-3982
Large industrial establishments are always looking for increasingly sophisticated technologies to monitor manufacturing processes. This work aims to design and build a laboratory single-screw extruder and its extrusion die for processing polymers and polymer composites, in addition to enabling studies in the area of mechanical recycling of polymers. The first stage of the work involved choosing the type of extruder to be manufactured. The second stage consisted of dimensioning and designing the equipment using Solidworks software. In the third stage, the types of materials and mechanical and electrical components for assembling the extruder were selected. In the fourth stage, the manufacturing processes of the extruder and assembly of the mechanical and electrical components were carried out. In the fifth stage, the equipment was validated, where temperature and mass flow tests were performed, in addition to mechanical and electrical tests in the processing of a thermoplastic polymer, which, in this case, was polypropylene (PP). The last stage consisted of simulating a die with a cylindrical profile, aiming to study the characteristics of the polymer melt flow and define how the die structure should be adjusted to obtain the desired diameter. After designing the die in Solidworks software, a simulation was performed in Ansys software. In this case, the rheological behavior of the melt as it passed through the die was studied through the simulation, analyzing in which part of it the high and/or low shear rates are observed when the polymer flows through it. The drag flow and pressure flow were then extracted from the simulation parameters, which led to the calculation of the operating point and operating pressure for the die. It was also possible to calculate the mass flow rate and the velocity drop at the die wall, in addition to optimizing the die profile for the circular shape and desired diameter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de metodologia para diagnóstico de falha em rolamentos de baixa velocidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-19) COSTA, Thiago Barroso; MESQUITA, Alexandre Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3605920981600245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-8381
Monitoring low-speed bearings with vibration analysis is more challenging due to the low energy level of the vibration signal that carries the failure data, making it more susceptible to interference from other sources, impairing the interpretation of information. Thus, an alternative is to calculate signal predictors that may be sensitive to pattern changes relative to failure onset and progression. Hence, the present work extracted different types of features, among them two nonlinear features and eleven extracted from the signal in the time domain. Those features were ranked and selected based on their sensibility to class differentiation, which was estimated using the t-Welch statistic value. Among them is the Largest Lyapunov Exponent, which, in this work, had a modification in one of its calculation steps, improving its sensitivity in some cases. In addition, the influence of the vibration signal window size on the class separability of the indicators was evaluated (which is a scarce content in low-speed bearing monitoring literature). After feature selection, the data were subjected to a linear transformation through PCA (Principal Component Analysis), aiming to reduce the data dimensionality to three dimensions and to minimize the redundancy effects of highly correlated features. In sequence, the data represented in the space of principal components were projected on a Hotelling T2 statistic control chart. The chart allowed the detection and rejection of potential outliers, which consisted of points above a limit line estimated based on F statistic distribution. Finally, binary and multiclass Support Vector Machine classification models were trained with experimental data acquired from normal conditions and three levels of incipient fault in bearing. The models performed well, mainly the binary model with test data obtained from belt conveyor pulley bearings in industrial operation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resíduos de gesso na construção civil: uma análise bibliométrica na base de dados eletrônica Web of Science
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-05) FREITAS, Pablo Virgolino; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The construction sector stands out for the exploitation of natural resources and for the production of residues that, in the vast majority, are improperly discarded in nature, generating serious negative consequences for the environment. Aiming to minimize the harm caused by the poor disposal of Construction and Demolition Waste - CDW, as well as to develop alternative ways to replace natural raw material by recycled waste, many studies have been carried out. Among the materials that have high recycling potential is gypsum, whose residues are already being used as a binder, additives in Portland cement, soil correction, among other forms of recycling. Therefore, this study aims to analyze Brazilian and international scientific publications dealing with the reuse of plaster in civil construction, performing a bibliometric mapping in the Web of Science electronic database. The mapping was carried out through exploratory research related to the reuse of gypsum waste in several scientific articles. Words and expressions that had the highest frequency of occurrence in published articles were collected. The search in the database resulted in 89 articles, of which 42 contained information on the recycling of gypsum waste in civil construction. The selected articles belong to authors from 19 countries, the most representative being Brazil, with 13 articles. Through the VOSviewer software, network maps were elaborated, through which it is demonstrated how authors and scientific institutions relate in relation to the recycling of plaster waste. The results of the articles studied here compose a portfolio through which effective methods of reusing this waste can be verified, thus facilitating the search by third parties for this type of information. What can help in the formulation of public mechanisms that help to improve solid waste management in Brazil, because, through the social network Instagram, this information will be made available in order to reach an audience that goes beyond academic borders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de tecidos de fibras de bananeira como agente de reforço em compósitos de matriz de resina poliéster termorrígida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-11) BAÍA, Michele da Costa; EL BANNA, Wassim Raja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005046563115507; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-4352
In recent decades, several studies have been observed, both nationally and internationally, which seek alternative materials to those conventionally used by industry, with emphasis on biomass residues from agricultural activities, such as vegetable fibers, in the quest to minimize the problems caused to the environment and replace products harmful to human beings. In addition to offering advantages such as atoxicity, biodegradability, low density and reduced cost, such as fibers derived from the pseudostem of the banana tree. With regard to banana trees, Brazil is one of the largest producers of its fruit at an international level, and as a result this is one of the activities that most generate waste in the country. Therefore, this research has as main objective to make composite materials with the fibers of the pseudostem of the banana tree in the form of fabrics and thermoset polyester resin, destined to the production of materials for engineering. Initially, the process of extracting and cleaning the fibers was carried out, followed by the weaving of flat-type fabrics on the nail loom, to be used as a reinforcing agent. Next, polymeric composites were molded using a manual process (hand lay up) and application of pressure at room temperature. Thus, composites were obtained: full matrix and those reinforced with glass fibers and banana tree fibers. Mechanical tests were carried out – flexion and traction –, flammability and microscopy. The polymeric composites were manufactured in the following compositions: V1 – Full matrix; V2 – with reinforcing agent with two layers of fiberglass mats; V3 – with reinforcing agent with one layer of banana fiber fabric and V4 – with reinforcing agent with two layers of banana fiber fabric. The materials of composition V3 and V4 presented tensile strength values of 29.25 MPa 51.27 MPa and bending strength of 142.45 MPa and 91.99 MPa, respectively. As for resistance to flammability, all composite materials manufactured showed values below those stipulated by the regulations and within the Brazilian standard. The analysis of the failure mechanisms present on their surfaces was performed using MEV, which can show the arrangement between matrix and reinforcing agent, as well as the presence of cracks in the matrix, fracture and rupture of fibers in the reinforcing agent, voids and pullout.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Viabilidade ambiental do tratamento do efluente industrial do dendê e uso na produção de biogás e biofertilizante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-28) GOMES, Emanuelle Regina Araújo; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The effluents generated in the agro-industrial sector are produced in large quantities, especially those from the processing of a product for commercial use, as is the case with palm oil. In the search for alternatives for treatment and/or reuse, oil palm agro-industrial effluent can be used to produce bio-input and biofuel. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the feasibility of treating industrial oil palm effluent and using it to produce biogas and biofertilizer. The work methodology consisted of manufacturing 10 benchtop bioreactors, adapted with an automatic control system, which allowed quantification of pressure, temperature and methane concentration measurements through sensors, enabling treatment through the anaerobic digestion system of effluents. . For treatment, the effluent was inoculated with one of the solid materials resulting from the processing stages (palm oil sludge), and a physical-chemical analysis of the parameters was carried out. Finally, the system made it possible to quantify biogas production and characterize the biofertilizer generated in the system. The data analysis presented demonstrates that the POME treatment, combined with the inoculum, promotes better results for the physicochemical parameters analyzed in the research, given that the best conditions occurred for the 30% inoculum range, that is. 700 ml of effluent + 300 ml of inoculum, showing the environmental viability of the treatment. With regard to the production of biogas and biofertilizer, the indicators of temperature (20 to 45oC), pressure (1 atm) and daily methane gas production of between 0.26 and 0.44 ml in the anaerobic digestion system showed good operating conditions in the system, making their production feasible through the use of oil palm agro-industrial effluent, allowing an environmentally appropriate possibility for the waste, from the point of view of the production chain, the environment and the economy.

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