Teses em Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGA/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/7137
O Doutorado em Antropologia está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia (PPGA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da UFPA.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) De colonialismos e memórias sitiadas: história, antropofagia e tecnologia bélica nas guerras guianenses(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-09) BATISTA, Ramiro Esdras Carneiro; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043XThis study consists in the exercise of documentation, translation and interpretation of the war narratives of four peoples who inhabit the Lower Oiapoque River. Through ethnographic, mnemonic and narrative methods, the text discusses the Colonization that furrows the History of the invasion of a territory of the peripheral Caribbean located in the Oiapoque River region. We assume that the possibilities for the production of Ethnic History, narrated in its own terms, are straightly associated to the knowledge and interpretation of the original memory. However, this is so only if we consider that the production of an Afro and Indigenous history presents itself, in many ways, as a history of impossibilities, and given the theoretical and methodological difficulties of the Social Sciences to deal with a past characterized by the absence of written records. In academic production, the exercise of reinterpretation and/or correction of collective memory based upon historiographical production is common, nevertheless, data obtained from this research give rise to an inverted question: can afro and indigenous memories help correct and/or complement the historiographical canons? On the pursuit for answering such a question, this study seeks to identify and translate recurring aspects in the memories of ethnically differentiated people marked by the advent of the Colony, where categories such as war, exercise of alterity, Inter-ethnic alliance and violation and subsequent recomposition of territorial rights seem to be part of a same dynamics. The hermeneutics of these four peoples´ war narratives converges in terms of their agreeing that the colonial invasion is one of the founding landmarks of Afro and indigenous historicity. In this sense, the interpretation highlights that the colonization carried out by different European peoples and agencies in the Guyana region - colonialisms that prevail in different ways in the present - constitutes an entangling thread that allows for not only recomposing, but also intertwining recent and past Memories and Histories of those peoples and narrators. Finally, such hermeneutics reveals how each ethnic group understands and represents hierarchies, alliances and dissonances inscribed in the neocolonial world.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Identidade étnica, formas de enquadramento institucional, modos de fazer e práticas de uso dos ribeirinhos amazônidas: o caso do Assentamento Quilombola na Ilha de Campompema, Abaetetuba, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-19) PEREIRA, Rosenildo da Costa; O`DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188XThis thesis text analyzes from an ethnographic approach how modes of knowledge are mobilized by domestic groups in the context of the territory of traditional communities in the Amazon. The locus where the research was developed is the quilombola settlement São João Batista, located in the city of Abaetetuba, State of Pará. From an ethnographic study, I describe technically how the ways of knowing how to make matapi and its respective use are mobilized by local residents, as well as, I bring to the debate the modes of knowledge of artisanal naval carpentry built in the dynamics of the territory under study. Trait as main objectives: Conduct an ethnographic research in the community, describing modes of knowledge transmitted and mobilized/used/built in relation to the occupied territory until the respective recognition of traditionally occupied lands, whose knowledge has been readjusted over the years; to analyze how the matapi manufacturing process takes place by the local riverside subjects from the anthropology of the technique, ethnographically describing the knowledge processes involved and production stages; make an analysis of the ways in which the matapi instrument is used by residents of the local territory, describing the whole process with the work of fishing with such equipment; and approach, in the same way, the knowledge of the local naval carpentry. The situational analysis points to a set of knowledge mobilized by residents within/in the referenced territory, above all and in a particular way, to artisanal naval carpentry and the making and use of the matapi trap, in a perspective of the anthropology of technique.