Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental - PPBA/IECOS

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2606

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental (PPGBA) é um programa do Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS) localizado no Campus Universitário de Bragança da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e foi criado ao nível de Mestrado em 1999 e implementado em 2000 e em 2007, ocorreu a aprovação do curso no nível de Doutorado. A maioria das dissertações e teses produzidas no PPBA é voltada para questões costeiras do nordeste paraense como foco central, mas sempre buscando a integração com ecossistemas vizinhos e correlacionados.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do crescimento e perfil bioacumulativo da cianobactéria Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01 na presença de arsenato de sódio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) GOMES, Laise de Azevedo; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that has become a public health problem worldwide. In order to reduce the environmental contamination by this metalloid, which is derived from natural and anthropogenic activities, the use of micro-organisms in bioremediation process has shown to be a promising strategy. A filamentous homocitada cyanobacterium belonging to the order Pseudanabaenales, Geitlerinema unigranulatum UFV-E01, was isolated from an environment contaminated by arsenic, suggesting an ability to deal with the toxic effect of this metalloid. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the resistance to sodium arsenate and quantify the total arsenic extracellular cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01. Analyses of sodium arsenate resistance showed that the cyanobacterium was able to grow in 50 mM for 20 days. Furthermore, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 accumulated sodium arsenate for 10 days, reducing up to 67% arsenic extracellular. From the data obtained in this study, the cyanobacterium G. unigranulatum UFV-E01 was able to withstand high concentrations of sodium arsenate, although other analysis, the characterization of the metabolic pathways involved in the resistance must be taken to consider their use in environments impacted by arsenic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autenticação molecular de filés de pargo e protocolo forense para Lutjanídeos (Lutjanidae – Perciformes)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) VENEZA, Ivana Barbosa; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482763145819602
The demand for seafood has increased remarkably, and because of this, industries have diversified the presentation of fish, offering products processed as fillets, for example. This tendency on the one hand stimulates consumption, but on the other reduces its reliability since processed fish have high replacement rates. The process removes parts of the body used to recognize the species, and then the identification is compromised, especially in a large group of fish with morphological similarities, as is the case of the red snappers of Lutjanidae family. These fish have large worldwide economic interest, and in Brazil the most popular species is the Pargo - Lutjanus purpureus. There are several other factors that favor the replacement of this species: Joint capture the other snappers, inaccurate statistical record, popular nomenclature standard out and mislabelling of product. Therefore, this study investigated whether the fillets sold in supermarkets in Bragança-PA, under the label of "Pargo", to belong to species L. purpureus. Through DNA barcode method was able to detect 22% of the sampled fillets corresponded to the species Rhomboplites aurorubens, low commercial value snapper in the region. The results point to the need to prevent such practices, and provide grant to help fight the replacements, with the competent bodies, industry and supermarkets. Despite the effectiveness of barcode DNA technique for identification, there are more practical and inexpensive methods that have been suggested for the development of authentication protocols fishery products, such as those based on multiplex PCR. In view of the numerous reports of fraud in derivative products snappers, we developed a protocol for forensic identification banding pattern, for three of the main species of red marketed in Brazil: L. purpureus, L. synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus. This protocol is an alternative to be applied both for the supervision, in the search for replacement and so on protection of consumer rights; as in routine commercial and industrial sectors, in order to control quality and ensure the authenticity of products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Condições sócio-ambientais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté (Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-31) GUIMARÃES, Danielly de Oliveira; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218
The absence of watershed management in Amazon inhabited areas has affected its natural resources over the past years. For this reason, this study focuses on the social and environmental aspects of 18 rural communities and the effects of wastewater discharge originating from Bragança’s city on the water quality of the nearby Caeté Estuary and its tributary, the Cereja River, located in the Caeté River basin. The adopted methodology to characterize the socioeconomic profile and the living and dwelling conditions was based on structured and semi-structured questionnaires applied to the local population. The domestic trash production was quantified and a determination was made of the composition of the trash, in some communities, from samples of around 20% of the residences. Water quality analyses of the main wells that supply the studied communities were carried out based on the determination of physical and chemical variables (turbidity, real color, apparent color, pH, temperature, dissolved iron and dissolved nutrients) and bacteriological studies (termotolerant and total coliforms). Field measurements (hydrological, hydrodynamic and-or microbiological variables) were taken in the most urbanized zone from Caeté estuary and Cereja river to characterise the water quality of those environments. The main environmental impacts were identified, georreferenced, photographed, and mapped. Guidelines were proposed for the effective management of the natural resources of the Caeté Basin by the pertinent local authorities. The obtained results showed that the Caeté River basin has approximately 2,207 rural families (9,573 inhabitants) and the majority of the population has low income, low education and low living and dwelling conditions. The services and infrastructure are inadequate and there is a lack of potable water, basic sanitation, trash collection, school, medical assistance, etc. On the other hand, Bragança´s city has more than 72,621 inhabitants living on an area of approximately 16 km², is one of the oldest colonial settlements of the Amazon region. Both studied rivers receive large amounts of wastewater disposed by private households, hospitals, workshops and fish processing companies and they have showed microbial contamination. The lack of effective public policy has accentuated both environmental and socio-economic problems. The authors suggest several measures to improve the current situation, including: (i) the regulation of land use to reduce the environmental impact of the economic sector; (ii) implementation of management programs for the sustainable exploitation of natural resources (fish, crabs, clay, lumber); (iii) installation of public services, in particular piped water and sanitation; (iv) better monitoring and penalization of the illegal exploitation of natural resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hematologia como ferramenta no monitoramento do "status" da cadeia produtiva de oito espécies de Acaris ornamentais (Loricariidae) do médio Rio Guamá, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-28) NEVES, Mikaelle de Souza; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
The present study monitored the health of eight species of ornamental plecos (acaris) captured and marketed in the Guamá River Middle - Pará, through the establishment of the hematological baseline value, evaluation of transport stress and infestation by Trypanosoma spp. The ornamental plecos were: ancistrus (Ancistrus sp. - L338), loricaia (Rineloricaia lanceolata - L10), picoto (Hypostomus sp. - L28), bola (Peckoltia oligospila - L06) pleco (CochiIodon sp. - L145), canoa (Lasiancistrus saetiger - L323), assacu (Pseudacanthicus spinosus - L160) and pinima (Leporacanthicus galaxias - L07).The blood collections for determination of hematological baseline (Chapters I and II) were realized at the site of capture fish, under the least stress as possible. Blood samples uninfected were separated to enable comparisons with the others after the transport stress (Chapters III and IV) and also with fish infected by Trypanosoma spp. (Chapter V). The transport stress lasted 3h, in density 1,5 fish/L, simulating the marketing process the fish in the region and was avalued et 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96h after stress. In Chapter I and II, the hematological baseline showed significant difference (p> 0.05) among the seven species of plecos although they belong to the same family and share similar ecological niches. The transport stress for 3h (Chapters III and IV) not compromise the health of plecos, since most of the hematological parameters returned to baseline within 24h for the bola, 48h for the pleco and 72h for the picoto, being respectively, the minimum time indicated by the results of these fish to maintained before a new trade. The all eight plecos species studied were infected by Trypanosoma spp. (Chapter V). Normocytic-hypochromic anemia was observed in ancistrus and canoa, and hypochromic-macrocytic anemia in loricaia. In infected pinima showed under stress with lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and monocytosis. Therefore, the results of this test provided an assessment of the healthiness of these species of ornamental plecos through the haematological examinations, thereby subsidize the development or adequacy of management less stressful for these plecos in order to assist the sustainability of ornamental plecos extractive chain.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ostreicultura no nordeste paraense: estado atual e perspectivas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-14) SAMPAIO, Dioniso de Souza; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6310836748316181
In the first article (Chapter 1), aspects related to the oyster culture supply chain in the state of Pará were evaluated. Between 2013 and 2014, research was carried out in seven associations involved in oyster culture through interviews with the president of each association, as well as with 56 members (72% of the total). Secondary data were obtained with the permission of management reports from the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service of the State of Pará. The associations Agromar, Nova Olinda and Aquavila, Lauro Sodré stand out from the rest due to their larger on-growing areas and total production in 2013. However, smaller associations are more efficient with higher production per unit area. Although associations have grown in numbers since 2006, along with increased capacity and output due to government assistance, compared to other regions of Brazil, they need to be better organized internally. Associations should be less reliant on public funding and develop more partnerships with private enterprise. In addition, there must be active co-participation in the development of legislation and public policies that regulate oyster culture and the protection of natural oyster beds. In the second article (Chapter 2), the present study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of water at all oyster farming units in Pará. Salinity, temperature (oC), oxidation-reduction potential (mV), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg.l-1), depth (m) and the concentration of chlorophyll-a (mg.m3) were measured in situ in both the dry season of 2013 and the rainy season of 2014. All variables, except depth, were significantly higher in the dry season. Mean salinity, which ranged from 2.4 to 46, is the most important variable that explains the variation between associations in relation to the season, date of sampling in each season and state of the tide. However, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth were also important.Oyster culture units in Pará can be defined in terms of water quality as suitable for harvesting xxii seed from the wild (lower salinity and pH), or for on-growing of adults (higher values of salinity, pH and depth). In the third article (Chapter 3), settlement, seed size, larval development in the laboratory, growth and aspects of the commercialization of cultivated oysters were investigated from 2012 to 2016 in five culture units in pará, during periods varying from 6 to 12 months. Seed length differed between December 2014 (21 mm) and April 2015 (12 mm) and smaller size appears associated with higher precipitation. Native seed numbers were higher in the on-growing area whereas abundance of exotic seed was low. Larval development is best at salinities of 16 and 21, in which the pediveliger stage appeared after 53 days. Oyster growth in culture was variable, but market size was reached in at least 4 months at Agromar, Aappns and Asapaq. Mortality ranged from 19% to 46%, comparable to other C. gasar cultures. Oyster mass varies monthly and between crops, and is related to pre-sale size selection. On average, oysters in the Baby and Médio classes are 77% and 80% shell. Aquavila is suitable for harvesting seed, whereas Agromar has the lowest mortality and is suitable for on-growing. Most of the oysters sold at Agromar are within the class limits, whereas those sold at Aquavila are larger.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resistência e bioacumulação de arsênio na cianobactéria Phormidium sp
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-31) FERREIRA, Anna Rafaella dos Santos; SCHNEIDER, Maria Paula Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901112943859155
Environmental contamination by arsenic has been increasing in recent years, either through natural or anthropogenic sources, which can cause greater exposure of humans to this toxic compound. Several studies have been developed to analyze the capacity of cyanobacterial species in bioremediation. The filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. excels due to well developed mechanisms to adapt to different environmental conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the resistance profile of Phormidium sp. at different concentrations of sodium arsenate. The cyanobacterium was inoculated in tubes containing 4 ml of BG-11 liquid medium and different concentrations of arsenate (5, 10, 30, 50, 100, 130, 150, 200 and 250 mM) without the presence of metalloid (control) and cultured for 20 days at 25 ° C without agitation and with a photoperiod of 12/12 h light / dark. The toxicity of arsenate to Phormidium sp. has been characterized by growth inhibition being determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a. All conditions were performed in triplicate. The determination of total arsenic in the samples was obtained using the technique of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the Instituto Evandro Chagas. The resistance of Phormidium sp. to arsenate was observed up to 50 mM of compound (p>0.05). Growth inhibition was observed above 100mM of arsenate (p<0.05). The analyzes of the total dose of arsenic in the culture medium showed that during the first day of experiment, the concentration of arsenic in the culture medium was lowered, followed by a gradual increase in the concentration of this metalloid. Probably, this cyanobacteria can accumulate arsenic and later excrete this metalloid to the extracellular medium. The results indicate the ability of the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. has to grow in medium containing high concentrations of arsenic. However, other analyzes become fundamental for elucidating the metabolic pathways involved in the process of resistance to this metalloid.

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