Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica - CPGF/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2355

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica da UFPA (CPGF) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Foi o segundo no Brasil a formar recursos humanos em Geofísica em nível de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Criado em 1972, funcionou até 1992 junto com os Cursos de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica e Geologia.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empilhamento pelo método superfície de reflexão comum 2-D com topografia e introdução ao caso 3-D
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-01-27) OLIVA, Pedro Andrés Chira; CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8498743497664023; HUBRAL, Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7703430139551941
The CRS stacking method simulates ZO seismic sections from multi-coverage data and does not dependente on a macro-velocity model. For 2-D medium the stacking traveltime depends on three parameters: the emergence angle of the normal ray (with respect to the measurement surface normal) and the wavefront curvatures of two hypothetical waves, called Normal-Incidence-Point (NIP) wave and Normal (N) wave. The CRS method consists of summing the amplitudes of the seismic traces in the multicoverage data along the surface defined by CRS stacking traveltime which that fits best the data set. The result of the CRS stack is assigned to points of a grid pre-defined in the ZO section. As the result obtain a simulated ZO section. This means that for each point of the ZO section must be estimated the three optimal parameters that yield the maximum coherence between the events of seismic reflection. In this Thesis I present formulae for the 2-D CRS method and for the NMO velocity that consider the topography of the measurement surface. The algorithm is based on the optimization strategy divided into three steps: 1) To search for the emergence angle and the curvature of the NIP wave, by applying a global optimization, 2) to search for the curvature of the N wave, by applying global optimization, and 3) to refine the initial parameters estimated in first two steps by applying local optimization. In the first two steps is used the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and in the third step the Variable Metric (VM) algorithm. For the case of a measurement surface with smooth topography the curvature of this surface is included in the 2-D CRS stack formalism. This CRS algorithm implemented was applied to synthetic data set. The result is a simulated ZO section of high quality, with a high signal-to-noise ratio, and the estimative of the parameter triplet. It is performed a sensibility analysis for the new CRS stacking traveltime with respect to the curvature in several points of the curved measurement surface. This study showed that the CRS traveltime is more sensitive for fast midpoints of the central points and larger offsets. The expressions for the NMO velocities presented here is applied to estimate the interval velocities and the depth of the reflectors for 2-D model with a smooth topography. For the inversion of the velocities and the depth of the reflectors is considered the Dix-type inversion algorithm. The NMO velocity for a curved measurement surface deserves to best estimate the velocities and the depths of the reflectors than NMO velocities referred to planar surfaces. Also, I present an introduction to 3-D stack. In this case, the stacking traveltime depends on eight parameters. These parameters can be obtained by using some parameter-search strategies that I have showed in this Thesis. The combination of the strategy of the Traveltime Approximations and the strategy of Arbitrary Curvatures is used to apply 3-D CRS stack successful in synthetic and real data sets, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa de parâmetros elásticos em meios anisotrópicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-20) GOMES, Ellen de Nazaré Souza; PROTÁZIO, João dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4210442535067685
Amplitude, polarization and the slowness vector measurements carry information about the medium where wave propagation occurs. This thesis investigates these data aiming at the recovery of elastic properties in anisotropic media. Reflection coefficients can be estimated from amplitude data and depend nonlinearly on elastic and density contrasts across an interface. When the impedance contrast is weak, the linear approximations for the qP reflectivity are more convenient for inversion of density and elastic parameters using analysis of amplitude versus the angle of incidence (AVO) and amplitude versus the direction of the incidence plane (AVD). Partitioning the linear system defined by Zoepprittz equations allows one to write the solution of these equations in terms of impedance and polarization matrices. Using this solution, linear approximations for the qP reflectivity are derived for weak impedance contrasts and arbitrary symmetry classes of anisotropy. The linear approximations are evaluated for different acquisition geometries and choice of the reference medium. The approximations for the reflection coefficients of the reflected qP and the converted waves are in good agreement with the exact solution for incidence angles up to 30° for media that satisfy the weak impedance assumption. If a single oriented set of fractures is represented by a transversely isotropic effective medium, the linear approximations for qP reflectivity can be used to estimate the fractures orientation. Under these assumptions this problem is reframed as the estimation of the symmetry axis orientation from qP reflectivity data. This work shows the requirement of multiple components and multiple azimuthal data and quantifies the minimum amount of data for stable estimation. Also it is shown that the reflection coefficients of converted waves qS and qT only are sensitive to fractures dip. The inversion of polarization and slowness from multiazimutal VSP data are investigated for the estimation of local anisotropy. We use measurements of the vertical component of the slowness vector and the qP polarization data of direct and reflected waves. The inversion algorithm is validated in synthetic data sets for different choices of the wave front normal, reference medium and acquisition geometries. This analysis shows that only a subset of elastic parameters is recovered. An important application of this approach is its potential to determine the class of anisotropy. The application of this methodology to the Java Sea data set shows that isotropy and transversely isotropic models are inadequate to fit the data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Migração Kirchhoff pré-empilhamento em profundidade modificada usando o operador de feixes gaussianos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) FERREIRA, Carlos Augusto Sarmento; CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8498743497664023
The Gaussian Beam (GB) concept was introduced in the seismic literature by Russian and Czech researchers in the begining of the 80’s. This theory, which by its turn was based on the scalar electromagnetic diffraction theory, is in fact a (zero order) complex paraxial ray theory, designed to satisfactorilly describe the seismic wavefield propagation beyond the standard zero order ray theory, up to then the only theory used to describe the high frequency seismic wavefield propagation in smoothed velocity models. As an imaging tool, the first works to deal with GB’s were published in the end of the 80’s and in the begining of the 90’s. The regularity in the description of the wavefield by GB’ s, as well as its high accuracy in some singular regions of the velocity model, transformed the use of GB’s into a viable hybrid alternative in the migration theory. In this work, we unite the flexibility in imaging of the true amplitude prestack Kirchhoff depth migration with the regularity in the description of the wavefield by a superposition of GB’s. As a way of controlling in a very stable way some quantities used in the construction of the beams, we have made use of some informations based on the Fresnel volume elements, more especifically speaking the Fresnel zone radius around the reflection point in depth and its counterpart, projected towards the acquisition surface. This information is centred around the recording point of the seismogram and is also present in the seismic data reflection traveltime curves. Our migration process can be named a true amplitude prestack Kirchhoff depth migration using GB’s as Green function, namely KGB-PSDM.

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