Dissertações em Engenharia Elétrica (Mestrado) - PPGEE/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2316

O Mestrado Acadêmico inicou-se em 1986 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica (PPGEE) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 27

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de tensões induzidas em linhas de distribuição de baixa tensão frente a uma descarga atmosférica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-15) CHAMIÉ FILHO, Ricardo Hachem Thomé; SOUZA SOBRINHO, Carlos Leônidas da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450994881555781
Numerical full-wave solutions of induced voltages on low-voltage energy lines due to atmospheric discharges on cell phone radio base stations (RBS), installed at the proximities of such lines, are presented for the first time in this work. Structures, such as towers and buildings, which present high structural complexity, have been modeled in order to obtain realistic results. In particular, this paper shows the importance of considering the effects related to real electrical conductivity and permittivity of the soil (in technical literature, PECs have been used to represent the soil in similar problems). For this purpose, a software has been developed in which Maxwell’s equations are numerically solved by using a parallel implementation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD), producing full wave solutions for the problem. The thin wire formulation has been implemented for representing thin cylindrical electric conductors and transmission lines.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Controle MPC multivariável com restrições usando funções de Laguerre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-01) PINHEIRO, Tarcísio Carlos Farias; SILVEIRA, Antonio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828468407562753
This work presents a constrained multivariable model predictive controller using Laguerre Functions. This controller uses a set of orthonormal Laguerre networks for representation of the control trajectory within a control horizon. In order to demonstrate the advantages of applying this type of controller in MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output) systems, the Laguerre Functions Functions are used to decrease the computational load used to calculate the optimal control. In addition, It improves the compromise between control signal viability and closed-loop performance of the system. The Laguerre Functions are also used in conjunction with Hildreth’s Quadratic Programming to find the optimal solution for the case where the control signal is constrained. The proposed controller presents advantages when compared to the classical model predictive control approach, where forward shift operators are used to predict the future trajectory of the control signal, leading to unsatisfactory solutions and a high computational load for cases where the control signal demands a long prediction horizon and a high closed-loop performance.It is also reported the practical testes with a robotic manipulator configured as a MIMO system with three inputs and three outputs and tests simulated with the Wood and Berry binary distillation column which is a MIMO system with two inputs and two outputs, also containing transport time delays. The tests aim to compare the controller results presented with the traditional predictive control approach and thereby demonstrate the advantages of the method using the Laguerre functions and their efficiency for MIMO systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de recursos para a construção de um sistema texto-fala para o português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-23) COUTO, Igor Costa do; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
Text-to-speech (TTS) is currently a mature technology that is used in many applications. Some modules of a TTS depend on the language and, while there are many public resources for English, the resources for some underrepresented languages are still limited. This work describes the development of a complete TTS system for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) which expands the already available resources. The system uses the MARY framework and is based on the hidden Markov model (HMM) speech synthesis approach. Some of the contributions of this work consist in implementing syllabification, determination of stressed syllable and grapheme-tophoneme (G2P) conversion. This work also describes the steps for organizing the developed resources and implementing a BP voice within the MARY. These resources are made available and facilitate the research in text normalization and HMM-based synthesis for BP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de integridade estrutural baseado em rede de sensores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-12) NUNES, Flávio Hernan Figueiredo; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
The objective of this dissertation is show the design of a structural integrity monitoring system, employing sensor network. The project of sensor node allows many kind of sensors, such as electrical strain gage, accelerometer, temperature sensor, humidit sensor, also the sensor node is capable of communicating via wireless and wired technology. In contrast to conventional systems that are centralized and employ long cables, the use of a sensor network is a decentralized approach, allowing the sensors are closer to the conditioning circuit, this brings certain bene_ts, such as reducing the length of the sensor cables decreasing the uptake of electromagnetic noise and decrease the impedance of the cable, improving the response signals generated by sensors. They will be presented details of the circuit and the sensor node communication.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento, implementação e testes de um sistema de comunicação sem fio heterogêneo para acesso à serviços: aplicações na telemedicina e domótica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-31) SATO, Roberto Masanori Vale; CASTRO, Agostinho Luiz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2798180168487751
In the last 20 years, economy and technology have evolved in many directions and into new areas. Many of these developments have created opportunities that are being considered in the conception of future communication networks. These new possibilities are related to, specially, use the internet to access services and include: mobility, low cost technologies, growth and jobs (over the Internet it is possible to participate in each business process and production) services, education (opportunity for people to grow and thrive), entertainment (virtual worlds for entertainment, shopping and games), a high traffic volume (text, voice, images, video). As a result, the Internet has become, like electricity or water, a public good. With almost 2 billion of users (about 28% of world population), the Internet is becoming, increasingly, a pervasive infrastructure providing anywhere and anytime connectivity and services. This world of the Internet current is the result of successive changes that have occurred since its inception and became the communications infrastructure of critical importance. In terms of communication technologies, mobile wireless systems have a special place because of its exceptional propagation in the last decade and, along with the Internet, has allowed the emergence of smart devices, the introduction of new innovative services and demand for an environment that supports innovation and creativity. However, the various network standards to support, mainly to access to last mile are disadvantages to the user's perspective, because it has to enable these networks (to contract the services) and often to have specific terminals to access them. The idea of a single standard for these networks did not achieve satisfactory results and a solution points for the integration of these networks to provide unique and transparent access to the user. This paper therefore presents an embedded solution for integrating wireless communications standards such heterogeneous IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee, IEEE 802.20 GSM / GPRS and Wi-Fi IEEE 802.2. This heterogeneity of wireless technologies enables a user moving through your local or remote terminal access applications and services in the transparent way. Performance evaluation of the solution was performed using two types of services: home automation and telemedicine. The results indicated that the proposed solution can integrate and provide services with safety and reliability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Design de nano-antenas dendriméricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) SOUSA, Gleida Tayanna Conde de; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
Structures named derivatives dendrimers (DD) have fascinating electronics proprieties. From the technological point of view, they are completely different from those ones obtained only by their basics constituents and with discrete states of conductivity, which emerges from the points of Fermi's surroundings. One preponderant factor of the engineering of the DD is its dimensionality. Experiments using molecular spectroscopy (Raman) and high resolution microscopy (TEM, AFM and STM) confirmed the nature n-D of their electrons. They concluded that the dimensionality of one DD has a deep influence on its physics properties. This peculiar characteristic of electronics properties adjusts according to the geometry, along with the reduced dimensions, created a huge technological race, aiming to develop electronic devices (diodes, transistors, logical doors, displays,…) from DD. Some interesting applications refers to the usage of the DD as: antennas, by the DD’s impedance properties modifications in the presence of chemical species, clamps and the microscope probe, basis for lithium batteries, waves of nanoguides, and others. The study’s proposal is based on investigate the behavior’s changes of function of this classes of antennas DD pure and doped, in the presence of an extern electric field. For that, the terminals regions, which are associated with the parameters the defined the DD, will be modified.In this study, will be shown the DD’s electronics structures pure and doped, in the presence of an extern electric field, using the derived approaches from Hartree-Fork’s method. Therefore, using this method, the DD is obtained from the precursor structure, optimized by the molecular mechanical method.The DD’s investigation aims to calculate its electronic structure via Hartree-Fock semi empirical (AM1 and Zinco/S-CI) and ab initio, when convenient for little oligomers. This is important for the knowledge and analysis of which structural properties are related with the molecular electronic transport’s mechanism. The empirical analysis of Millikan-Laurtisen (ML) and Fowler-Nordheim (FN), it's also presented for better detailing of the electronic transport , in order to demonstrate the DD’s electronic signature, for the usage in dendrimers antennas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Design de nanodispositivos eletroluminescentes baseados no ALQ3
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-29) SILVA, Alessandre Sampaio da; DEL NERO, Jordan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5168545718455899
In this study we investigated theoretically the electronic structure of [tris-(8-hidroxiquinolinolato) aluminum (III) - Alq3, solvation properties of the electroluminescent Alq3 organic liquids such as methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile in order to understand the dependence the variation of system environments, improving the operation of conveyors films in electroluminescent devices of the type OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes), and finally investigated the mechanism of Alq3 in the electron transport applying a low electrical current in the molecule and current curves showing the –voltage characteristic of the device. The simulation method consists of applying the sequential Monte Carlo / Quantum Mechanics (S-MC/MQ), that part of an initial treatment for separation of stochastic structures most likely to lower energy and subsequently with a quantum treatment to plot the electronic spectra of the layers solvation separated by the ZINDOS/S method. In the electrical properties of transport we use the Green function method coupled nonequilibrium density functional theory (DFT) inferring that the ramifications outer rings corresponding to the Alq3 would terminals for electronic transfer. Our results showed that the average absorption spectra of Alq3 for solvation in solutions undergoes a minimum deviation with changing environment, being in good agreement with the experimental results from the literature, and the IV curves confirmed the behavior of the diode device, corroborating the senses as more relevant to the terminals in Alq3 to have a satisfactory transport electronics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espalhamento eletromagnético no grafeno através de transformadas de impedância
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-22) PIRES, Andrey Viana; COSTA, Karlo Queiroz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7932708321834647
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with good electrical properties that make possible new telecommunications applications in telecommunications on the terahertz range. This work presents an alternative analysis of the scattering problem in a graphene sheet using the impedance transform. The Green functions, electromagnetic fields and properties of the plasmonic surface wave on the graphene are demonstrated. The numerical results show the spatial field distributions and spectral analysis of the plasmonic wave as a function of media properties, frequency and chemical potential. The results show that the impedance transform is adequate for scattering analysis in graphene sheets because it uses the natural autofunctions of the problem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimação da porcentagem de flúor em alumina fluoretada proveniente de uma planta de tratamento de gases por meio de um sensor virtual neural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-22) SOUZA, Alan Marcel Fernandes de; OLIVEIRA, Roberto Célio Limão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497607460894318; AFFONSO, Carolina de Mattos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2228901515752720
The industries have been often seeking to reduce operating expenses, as to increase profits and competitiveness. To achieve this goal, it must take into account, among other factors, the design and implementation of new tools that accurately, efficiently and inexpensively allow access to information relevant to process. Soft sensors have been increasingly applied in industry. Since it offers flexibility, it can be adapted to make estimations of any measurement, thus a reducing in operating costs without compromising the measurements, and in some cases even improve the quality of generated information. Since they are completely softwarebased, they are not subjected to physical damage as the real sensors, and are better adaptated to harsh environments with hard access. The success of this king of sensors is due to the use of computational intelligence techniques, which have been widely used in the modeling of several nonlinear complex processes. This work aims to estimate the quality of alumina fluoride from a Gas Treatment Center (GTC), which is the result of gaseous adsorption on alumina virgin, using a soft sensor. The model that emulates the behavior of a alumina quality sensor the plant was created using an artificial intelligence technique known as Artificial Neural Network. The motivations of this work are: perform virtual simulations without compromising the GTC and make accurate decisions based not only on the operator's experience, to diagnose potential problems before they can interfere with the quality of alumina fluoride; maintain the aluminum reduction pot control variables within normal limits, since the production from low quality alumina strongly affects the reaction of breaking the molecule that contains this metal. The benefits this project brings include: increasing the GTC efficiency, producing high quality fluoridated alumina and emitting fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and increasing the pot lifespan.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo de técnicas de inteligência de enxame na redução da ordem de sistemas dinâmicos lineares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-17) SILVA, Marlon John Pinheiro; SILVA, Orlando Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7387718587227127; COSTA JÚNIOR, Carlos Tavares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6328549183075122
A redução de ordem de modelos tem se mostrado um problema bastante recorrente e diversas técnicas surgiram ao longo dos anos, quando, do ponto de vista do projeto de controladores, se tornou inadequada a elaboração e construção destes, visto o alto grau de redundância, que sistemas físicos reais de grande porte podem possuir. No âmbito da matemática determinística, muitos trabalhos, já consagrados na literatura, se propuseram a resolver tal problemática. Recentemente, técnicas que envolvem métodos metaheurísticos em um espaço de busca pré-determinado, utilizando Inteligência de Enxames, vêm sendo utilizados com bastante êxito e tem se mostrado uma nova ferramenta como solução. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a compreensão do problema sob o ponto de vista da teoria de sistemas lineares; realizando um estudo comparativo entre as Inteligências de Enxames: Firefly Algorithm, enxame de partículas (PSO do inglês - Particle Swarm Optimization) e SFLA (do inglês - Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudos de estratégias de identificação paramétrica para detecção e diagnóstico de faltas em um processo industrial do tipo tanques comunicantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-22) SILVA, Raphael Diego Comesanha e; BARRA JUNIOR, Walter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0492699174212608; COSTA JÚNIOR, Carlos Tavares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6328549183075122
This dissertation presents a technique for detection and diagnosis of incipient faults, which cause changes in behavior of the system under investigation and are reflected in the mathematical model’s parameters values variation. As a testbed, was constructed a model of an industrial system computing environment Matlab/Simulink, which consists of a dynamic plant composed of two tanks linked to each other. The modeling of this plant was carried out by physical equations that describe the dynamics of the system. The fault, which the system was submitted, represents a gradual clogging in the exit pipe of the tank 2. This bottleneck causes a gradual reduction, up to 20%, of the pipe section. The technique of fault detection was performed by real-time estimation of parameters Auto-regressive models with exogenous inputs (ARX) with fuzzy and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) estimators. Already, the percentage clogging diagnosis of the pipe was obtained by a fuzzy system parameter tracking, fed back by the integral of the residue detection. Using this methodology, it was possible to detect and diagnose the simulated fault in three differents operating points of the system. In both techniques tested, the RLS method perform well, only to detect fault. Otherwise, the fuzzy method performed better, in detect and diagnose the fault applied to the system, noting the work propose.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ferramenta computacional para análise do potencial de bombeamento de água utilizando aerogeradores de pequeno porte acoplados a motobombas por meio de inversores de frequência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-26) NASCIMENTO, Max Alexandre Seabra do; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
The goal of this dissertation is to allow, through a computational tool, the analysis of the potential of a water pumping system based on the values of wind speeds in one location, using a small wind turbine coupled to a centrifugal pump through a variable speed drive. In the work two methods for the calculation of the flow are presented. Method 1 uses a theoretical model, while in method 2 the modeling is done from pumping data obtained in laboratory. The two methods describe the operation of a water pumping system involving the above equipment. Using the mathematical models described, a program was developed in Delphi® to obtain the values for the flow and volume of pumped water, and the number of people that can be supplied on the basis of the data of wind speed for the site, in order to analyze the feasibility of the system. The operation of the program is described through an example, in order to facilitate its understanding, which contains real values of wind speed, and the results are analyzed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Método de otimização não-linear para impor PSDs arbitrárias em modems DSL: análise estatística e prática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-25) ABRAHIM, Harney Edison Pereira; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
This work aims to present a method to solve the mapping problem between the theoretical dynamic spectrum management (DSM) solutions and the commercial DSL modems transmitting power spectrum densities (PSDs) parameters. The method uses an integer codi ed genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the problem. The GA is responsible for nding the ttest parameters that represents an arbitrary PSD, under the restrictions imposed by the actual DSL equipments and standards. This work shows a comparative study of the proposed method with another concurrent. A statistics study of the proposed method considering the average, standard deviation and con dence interval is done. Finally, two di erent laboratory setups are presented. One of them to PSD measurement and other to use in transfer function measurements. Both setups can be reused in other works.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um método para classificação de imagens de satélite usando Transformada Cosseno Discreta com detecção e remoção de nuvens e sombras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-28) SIRAVENHA, Ana Carolina Quintão; PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
This work proposes a supervised algorithm for classi cation of remote sensing images. It is composed by three stages: removal or smoothing of clouds, segmentation and classi cation. The removing clouds method uses homomorphic ltering to deal with obstructions caused by the presence of clouds and the Inpainting method to remove or soften the presence of dense clouds and shadows. The proposed segmentation and classi cation approaches are based on AC power coe cients of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Classi cation is used in the supervised mode. An image database is used to evaluate the implemented algorithm. This database is composed by 14 images obtained from various sensors, which 12 have some kind of obstruction. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Kappa coe cient metrics are used to evaluate the removal or smoothing of clouds and shadows method. In this stage, several high-pass lters were compared to choose the most e cient. The image segmentation task is evaluated by the Edge Border Con dence (EBC) and the classi cation task is evaluated by the measure of the relative entropy and by the mean squared error (MSE). The resulting images are presented to allow the subjective evaluation by visual comparison. The experimental results show the e ciency of the proposed algorithm, especially when compared to the Spring software, distributed by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para estimação de intenção de movimento e controle em tempo real de prótese mioelétrica de mão: uma abordagem linear, preditiva e estocástica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-28) DUTRA, Bruno Gomes; SILVEIRA, Antonio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828468407562753
Muscle signals from electromyography (EMG) are widely used to detect muscle contraction and intention to motion. By using these signals in real time in prosthetic control, a low signal to noise ratio is commonly found. Thus, it is necessary to have recursive methods, robust to noise and efficient algorithms, to generate commands in real time for the robotic actuator. In this research, stochastic system indentification techniques, Kalman filter, sensor fusion and stochastic predictive control techniques were investigated and applied to improve the measurement and processing of electromyographic signals to increase robustness in the control of biomechatronic prostheses. Thus, it is an improved process, less sensitive to noise and with minimal delays and phase lags. In this methodology, a four-stage distribution method is used: (1) features extraction by using an autoregressive model (AR), (2) data fusion with the Kalman filter, (3) motion estimation algorithm, and (4) predictive control with the generalized minimum variance controller applied to a servomechanism. The main objectives were: to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of EMG signals, to have a low-cost real-time processing man-machine interface, to avoid measurement problems and to minimize energy consumption of the control system. A didactic plant was developed, which is a 4 channel EMG data acquisition and processing system with a servomechanism and its control system coupled in a robotic jaw. Practical tests were conducted with the prototype and the results show that it is possible to continuously estimate the intention of opening and closing movement of the hand and can confirm the good performance of the stochastic controller designed for the control of the electric prosthesis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para implementação do MPS.BR utilizando o ambiente webapsee
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-29) ROCHA, Vanderlene Covre; REIS, Carla Alessandra Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614538302774823; FAVERO, Eloi Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1497269209026542
A number of initiatives to improve the software process has emerged recently to improve quality and productivity in software organizations. Some models and standards have focused the implementation of improvements in the software development process area; MPS.BR model is an example of thiese models. This process improvement model aims to improve software quality, preferably for micro, small and medium enterprises in order to meet the needs of their business model and was chosen to be explored in this work. Several advantages are gained during process improvement effort, one of them is the definition of a systematic process for software development, which helps to achieve the process quality and productivity and also the developed product quality. The use of a defined process model brings several benefits associated with standardization, such as the optimization, the re-work cost reduction, less defects in products, among others. But there is a lack of models that can be applied directly to a specific company of software development and therefore it is necessary to model the process, customizing it with the ultimate goal of creating a model that adequately represents the organization process. One of the difficulties for the implementation of models such as MPS.BR is the lack of methodologies that shows how the implementation of improvements to be made and not only what should be done. In this context, this work proposes a methodology for the implementation of the MPS.BR model based on IDEAL model, through a specific tool, called WebAPSEE, which works to coordinate the methodology execution. The methodology was tested in a local organization called CTIC - Center for Information Technology and Communication of UFPA which was assessed as level of G MPS.BR.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para o despacho de potência reativa visando o controle de tensão baseado em algoritmos genéticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-06) ROCHA, Marcus Guerra da; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
This work aims to present a software to support the planning of power systems, through a methodology of voltage control and losses minimization, by the optimization of reactive injection, keeping the voltage in the bus between the established boundaries. The developed methodology is based in a hybrid system, that use artificial intelligence based in a genetic algorithm linked to a load flow software(ANAREDE), that interact to produce an optimal solution. The results showed that the technique based in a genetic algorithm is adequate to the problem of minimization the reactive losses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem através do método das diferenças finitas no domínio do tempo (FDTP) de solos dispersivos utilizando aproximações de Padé validada com experimentos em campo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) FUJIYOSHI, Daiyuki Maia; OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Melo e Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4768904697900863
The Amazonian soil of Belém is modeled as a dispersive material, of which the electrical conductivity is dependent on the frequency. For this aim, we use the Padé's approxima-tion in frequency domain, which is applied to Ampère's law. Special update equations for electric field in time domain are obtained by applying time averaging and the in-verse Fourier transform. The results obtained by numerical simulations performed with the FDTD method are compared to transient responses measured in field. Lightning-patterned pulses are injected in classical grounding systems. Excellent agreement is ob-served, which validates the developed numerical method.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de transformadores de núcleo amorfo usando método de elementos finitos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-21) FONSECA, Wellington da Silva; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447
The amorphous materials are becoming broadly used in transformers industry, due to the low losses in its core, since they have a hysteresis loop narrower compared to the traditionals cores of silicon steel. However, its cost of these materials is a great factor against its use in electric power systems. Study the cost / benefit in terms of technical performance and robustness must be considered when we want to design transformers which use this material type. The main contribution of this work is the performance analysis of the transformer in short-circuits, since the equipment failures cause a reduction in revenue, not only for expenses maintenance, but also because the concessionaire does not sell its product, electric energy, and it could be submitted to penalties by regulatory agency in the electricity sector. Under short-circuit conditions, the windings of transformers are submitted to mechanical efforts produced by Lorentz forces, these forces arise as a flux result produced by conductors in parallel that carry current in the same direction. In this case, study the electromagnetic behavior of the transformer is essential for obtaining such forces. To develop this work, the software Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) was used. This tool is based on the finite element method in the calculations of the electromechanical magnitudes and, consequently, the calculation of forces acting in the spires, which allow the calculations of the strain. Finally, this paper deals with the application of the FEMM tool to calculate the mechanical effort and the simulation of the electromagnetic behavior of a distribution transformer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização de antenas lineares e planares para aplicações em sistemas de banda larga
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-16) KAWAKATSU, Marcelo Nobuyuki; DMITRIEV, Victor Alexandrovich; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0684541646225359
The objective of this work is the bandwidth optimization of linear and planar antennas for broadband system applications. For achieving this goal, it was made a study of the analysis, bandwidth enlargement and optimization techniques appropriated for the problem in question. As analysis technique, the method of moments was utilized, which is presented in chapter II. For bandwidth enlargement, the techniques of collocation of parasitic elements and building slots in the radiator were employed, briefly described in chapter III. As optimization algorithm, the genetic algorithm was utilized, briefly described in chapter II. In this work, two antenna proposals are presented, a linear dipole antenna combined with four parasitic elements, chapter IV, and a planar antenna of loop type, chapter V. In the first case, it was utilized parasitic elements and the genetic algorithm to enlarge the bandwidth, and in the second, it was employed slots in the radiator and the parametric optimization to this objective.