Dissertações em Engenharia Civil (Mestrado) - PPGEC/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2304

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi aprovado pela CAPES em 1999 e inicou-se em 2001 pertente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da implementação dos elementos e ferramentas da produção enxuta em canteiros de obras na cidade de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-14) CRUZ, Cássio Cleidsen Rabelo; LIMA, Adalberto da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7803369097132222
Companies of construction industry in Belem, they are looking for ways to improve their processes and constructive methods through the implementation of the elements and tools of lean production system. The purpose of this work consisted to assess the cases of successes and failure, through of an exploratory study of the implementation of the Lean Production System in construction sites in the city of Belem of Para, to identify which elements and tools of this system are most commonly used in construction of the city in question. This way, an extensive research literature about the subject, showing historical developments since the creation of scientific administration, emphasizing the precursors of production administration and then reporting the emergence of lean production system, as well as their origins and pillars, highlighting its elements and tools. The research methodology used was case study of exploratory character, where the focus was managers that act applying lean production in their construction works. The data was collected through a questionnaire with the classification of questions, closed and multiple choices, consisting of twenty objective questions, in order to generate data to answer the research question. After collecting data were generated tables and graphics for analysis of results. The results analyzed pointed elements and tools lean more used, in addition to presenting the greatest difficulties in the implementation of lean production system, and then was made a correlation between difficulties encountered with the relevant literature. From this, it was concluded that companies are not fully committed with the implementation of improvements (lean production system), so that this demotivates workers and creates resistance to change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da manutenção de pavimentos urbanos: uma proposta de implantação de um sistema de gerência de pavimentos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-19) BARRA, Renata Brabo Mascarenhas; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
The absence of urban planning and management is the factor that most contributes to driving municipalities to a precarious stage of their infrastructure. The management of the maintenance of the urban pavements is important for a good management of the public services offered by a municipal body, being a great challenge to its managers. The development of an internal management system better incorporates the needs of the agency responsible for interventions in the road network, besides, it aims to generate economy and improve the quality of the services provided. The urban road network is one of the main components of the municipal infrastructure system, and yet the concern of public managers with the systematization of procedures for the management of this road system is small. In view of the above, this research has the objective of proposing the implementation of an Urban Pavement Management System to a public Road Works Department. As a research strategy, the case study was adopted, since a field research was carried out by means of the application of a structured questionnaire, analyzing in depth the research focus. In addition to the bibliographic review stage, the study comprised the execution of three phases, the first one referring to the presentation of the idea (motivation) and the initial diagnosis of the focus of the research, the second phase corresponded to the software development stage the elaboration Of the Urban Pavement Management System - SGPU and the third phase corresponded to the implementation and use of the developed system. The main results are: the creation of a computational tool capable of generating an inventory of the municipal road network, generating support reports for decision making considering the type of existing pavement, type of last maintenance done on the road, Services per neighborhood of the analyzed region, the condition of the subgrade and its drainage system, the type of roadway covering and its Pavement Condition Index. These reports provide senior management with the foundation needed to plan the short, medium and long term actions correctly, increasing efficiency and assertiveness in meeting the demands. Finally, it was concluded that the developed system met the general objective of the research, generating in a satisfactory way the inventory of the routes of the analyzed region, aggregating information for management decision-making in the organ, in addition, this research becomes important for the environment For its innovative character in the analyzed region, consolidating itself as one of the references regarding the management of maintenance of urban pavements in public agencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de parâmetros globais de projeto em edifícios com estrutura de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-22) VIEIRA, Vitor Vinicius dos Santos; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476653308517248
The verification of reinforced concrete buildings is carried out by local analysis and by global analysis. In the local analysis are evaluated the effects of deformations in the isolated elements. Already in the overall analysis of the behavior is evaluated considered the structure as a whole. Normally, this overall verification is done through design parameters, which allow to maintain control of problems that can affect the safety or performance of buildings of reinforced concrete. By means of computer systems, it’s possible to obtain, fairly quickly, a series of parameters that offer virtually complete diagnostic of the answers that the structures will present when external actions submitted, like the wind or the vertical loads. Howeverit is not enough process structural models and get results, it is necessary to interpret what these mean and verify its validity. Therefore, this study was done with the intention to contribute with the referring studies the overall analysis of the structures, based on the design parameters to know: 𝛾𝑧 and 𝑅𝑀2𝑀1 coefficients, overall critical load factor of buckling, horizontal displacements, fundamental frequency and acceleration. Are studied several cases of idealized structures, with the objective to evaluate the relation between these parameters and propose simplified equations for calculating the overall critical load factor and the fundamental frequency from the 𝛾𝑧 coefficient. Furthermore, are analyze some real building structures aiming to evaluate the proposed equations and draw comparisons with the limits recommended by Brazilian standards. For the processing of structures were used two analysis programs, the TQS and the SAP2000. Generally speaking, the equations that relate the 𝛾𝑧 coefficient with the critical load factor and with the fundamental frequency showed satisfactory results. For displacement and acceleration, could not establish equations due to inexistence of relation of these as the 𝛾𝑧. As for the normative limits, found to be that even structures that fulfill the safety criteria for the overall instability, nevertheless these may present problems related to excessive horizontal displacements and vibrations perceptible to the human being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do comportamento da precipitação e da vazão em bacias hidrográficas Amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-14) HACHEM, Bruno Penna; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of precipitation and flow in two river regions of the state of Pará, where Northern Corridor and Coast Northeast Atlantic. Both have the same rainfall and physical properties of the bowls are similar, being different only in regard to level and vegetable preservation area. For this study, we used 7 gauged stations and 7 rainfall in the Northern Corridor and 6 fluviometric 6 and rainfall in Costa Northeast Atlantic. After collecting the data in HIDROWEB, they were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets software for application of Mann Kendall and Spearman tests, which stated that there is no trend in the series analyzed (α=5%). Was detected that the density of fluviometric and rainfall stations is low , according to the thresholds established by WMO. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed up "strong" between precipitation and flow of the areas studied, which also suffer influence of climatic phenomena (El Niño and La Niña). It was possible to consider that in the most preserved region, the time lag between the maximum rainfall and the maximum flow rate averaged two months, while the region with greater human action this time was an average of 1 month.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais na construção civil através do modelo da aprendizagem baseada em problemas adaptado ao contexto organizacional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-11) MARTINS, Vitor William Batista; NEVES, Renato Martins das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6538317425557058; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
With the growing and changing competitiveness in the construction business, the speed at which new technologies have been made available, the quantity and quick access to information featuring a turbulent environment that requires a great capacity of adaptation and learning in organizations. These changes within the civil engineering and consequently the production management of works, require an engineer with a different profile of the player works. Given this scenario, some changes have occurred, causing changes in this new professional profile of civil engineers. This new situation requires a more accurate profile of such professionals, where the domain of innovation, customer focus, planning, knowledge management system quality, sustainability and a humanist vision become indispensable parts. The research focuses on the analysis of study skills development civil engineer manager work. The main objective of the survey was: to analyze, understand and evaluate the results of the development of managerial skills of civil engineers managers work through deployment in a construction company on the model of Problem Based Learning adapted to the organizational context. The research strategy adopted was to action research because it relied on the teamwork and commitment of all involved change. The results achieved have analyzed the development of skills related to the organizational context, learning individual, collective and organizational, as well as, point out problems and possible solutions in business management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do limite da capacidade de escoamento de esgoto sanitário em tubulação interceptora assentada em área urbana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-09) SOUZA, Davi Edson Sales de; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The objective of this study was to analyze the capacity limit for disposal of sanitary sewer interceptor pipe seated in the urban area of the municipality of Belém - PA . For this, we considered the Basin Depletion 5 (BE 5), population and production wastewater (2010-2030) the official area with sewage collection and transportation of BE 5 (Area 1) and the total area of this bowl projections (area 2), the 100 (one hundred) of the interceptor seated in BE 5 (arrival of Sewage Pumping Station Una), and the information identified this pipe and slope changes proposed in this paper. Hydraulic sizing was performed and it was found that the first area for all selected slope, the interceptor will be able to flow over the period from 2010 to 2030, reaching a maximum water depth of 0,225 in 2030. However, for Area 2 it was found that the flow capacity will compromise when used three of the seven estimated slopes, the maximum water depth reaching 0,950 in 2030, going against type recommended by the NBR 9649/1986 Draft Catch Network Sanitary Sewer (0.750). It is recommended, in this case, the restructuring/expansion of sewage collection and transportation of BE 5, due to population increase and production of sewage resulting from the new division Basin Depletion held at PDSES (2010) system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise experimental de lajes nervuradas de concreto armado com viga faixa de altura variável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-21) SACRAMENTO, Paulo Victor Prazeres; OLIVEIRA, Dênio Ramam Carvalho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1324105476558186
The ribbed slabs have been widely used in the buildings it has several advantages in its execution and performance. In order to get a good design of this type of slab is necessary ensure that the stresses are properly supported, mainly those considered critical, which can lead the structure to the collapse suddenly, as is the case of punching in connection wide beam-column or of the shear in the region of the ribbed. In order to evaluate the punching strength of the slab-column connection and the shear strength of the ribs were manufactured four reinforced concrete ribbed slabs, two slabs one-way and two slabs two-way. The flexural reinforcement rate was constant in all slabs. All slabs were square of side 2200 mm and thickness equal to 150 mm. The main variable in this study was the change in height of the wide beam. This variation has to evaluate the performance of the ribs, even when the limit of spacing between them is ensured. Also, check if the punching is a possibility of rupture in this case. The estimates in this step design were based on three different standards. These were ACI 318 (2008), Eurocode 2 (2004) and NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014). Studies with ribbed slabs have shown that the estimates of design standards are conservative. In addition, this predictions may lead to inadequate results for resistance slabs. The experimental results of this series of tests were compared to the standard recommendations in order to assess the accuracy of these three standards, which refer to the ribbed slabs. Were also built computational models in order to verify that the behavior of slabs as the stress distribution both in connection wide beam-column range as the beam connection wide beam-ribbed. The results showed that the slabs connection wide beam-ribs must be treated in a careful manner due to the difference in stiffness between the solid area and the ribs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da metodologia neoclássica da demanda tudo ou nada como subsídio à cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-30) CAMPOS, Catharina Ramos dos Prazeres; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
The world-wide problem of water scarcity has been induced many countries to adopt, between other measures, economic instruments to reverse that situation. An example of this kind of instrument is the “water charging”. It is suggested the implementation of this instrument in the State of Pará, where there is still abundance of water resources. Based on bibliography research of international and national experiences on the adoption of this instrument of management and based on economic methods of water charging which were used in Brazil, it is applied the method of “tudo ou nada” demand, on the watershed of the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha, which are the objects of the study, placed on Belém city. Some countries as France and Germany, are well-succeed examples of this implementation. In Brazil, the states of São Paulo and Ceará, due to its great scarcity, were the first states to include the water charging as a priority in their water resources management systems. However, this practice in solving problems only when they are critical, has been very onerous to their economies. The application of the method at the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha was based on a similar application done at the watershed of the Pirapama river, in the state of Pernambuco. As the conclusions of this work, the aplication of the method of “tudo ou nada” demand was possible in regions of abundance of water.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Argamassa autonivelante com adição mineral (fíler) de resíduo de beneficiamento de mármore e granito.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-04) CHAVES, Patrícia da Silva; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
The process of processing marble and granite rocks generates solid waste along its production chain. These residues have environmental impact potential when not properly managed. The waste produced in the polishing phase of marble and granite slabs can be incorporated into the construction industry as an alternative material for the production of concrete and mortar, contributing to technical performance, economic and environmental viability. In this aspect, this work aims to characterize the marble and granite beneficiation residue (RBMG), in its natural state, and uses it as a self-leveling mortar addition to promote cohesion, similar to the viscosity modifying additive (VMA). For this, a reference mortar was produced, one with addition of RBMG and one with addition of VMA. Where, first, the rheological behavior of the pastes and mortars was analyzed. Then, the mechanical properties, durability and microstructural properties of self-leveling mortars were measured. The results show that the RBMG has no pozzolanic potential. The mortar with RBMG presented optimized mechanical properties and durability in relation to the reference mortar, and similar to the mortar with VMA. The microstructural assay demonstrated that RBMG promoted pore refinement of the cementitious structure, probably due to the granular variation of the particles of the residue, providing greater compactness with the optimization of grain packing. It is concluded that the RBMG can be used as an alternative material to replace the VMA, which is an expensive and difficult to reach product in Belém/PA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação comparativa entre a estimativa do impacto gerado por efluentes domésticos de assentamentos espontâneos e de ocupação formal na bacia do Tucunduba em Belém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-04-18) MEIRA, Rose Caldas de Souza; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The aim of this research is to present a comparative evaluation of environmental damage produced by different housing contexts whithin the same urban space, in a district of Belém municipality, called Guamá, one represents a formal context José Bonifácio Av., and other represents the informally produced space Riacho Doce community. This evaluation has taken into account the following features, namely: per capita consumption of water, per capita consumption of sewage, universality and equality of the provision of sanitation services (water supply, sewage), charging for water supply, quality and accessibility of services, housing context, socio-environmental features, in order to characterize the population living in those referred areas and finally to estimate the organic charge (Tonne / day) and the flux of effluents generated in spontaneous settlements and in a consolidated urban area, with the aim of identifying which housing context presents greater potential for impact in terms of flow generation and organic charge on effluents receiving basin, in this case the Tucunduba basin. Although the results are relatively close values, in the area of the Riacho Doce the flux of sewage is estimated as 44,38 m3/ day and organic charge is estimated as 13,31 Kg of DBO/day, whereas in the area of the José Bonifácio the flux of sewage is estimated as 43,06 m3/day and organic charge is estimated as Kg of DBO /day. It was possible to verify from results, that there are differences between the environmental impacts yield by the two areas above referred on the receiving basin of river Tucunduba, being that the environmental impact generated by Riacho Doce, where the population remains in contact with the effluent and under a greater sanitary vulnerability, since that effluents of Jose Bonifacio Av. are guided by drainage system and its organic charge is diluted by flux of rainwater to reach Tucunduba River (removing the contamination of its source) while the effluents from Riacho Doce are launched in natura directely below houses and in Tucunduba River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de sistemas de prevenção e contenção de inundações em bacia de drenagem urbana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-23) MARTINS, Vânia Carla Dias; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
This study aimed to assess the risk of flooding and propose alternatives for prevention and containment of flood for the river basin Tucunduba Oxbow River, located in Belem, from the development of methodology for hydrological and hydraulic simulation, aiming the sustainability of macro drainage system, and analyze the physical variables of the basin to be used as input data for the mathematical models, will also be presented in full simulation methodologies. The results show the application of the models mentioned, as essential tools for the prevention and containment of floods on urban drainage basins, which suffer direct influence of the tidal regime. Since the prevention and containment of extreme events such as floods, is an essential tool for urban areas subject to climatic accidents due to the amount of lives involved in the process, disease by the collapse of the sanitation system and impairments on buildings , materials and infrastructure assets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de sistemas de reparo para o problema de abrasão do concreto de superfícies úmidas em usinas hidrelétricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-12-01) PINHO, José Rodrigo Santana; BARATA, Márcio Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7450171369766897; SOUZA, Remo Magalhães de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1995895693959225
The research field of construction pathology has been steadily growing lately due to natural degradation observed in different structures. In this sense, great attention has been devoted to special concrete structures such as hydroelectric power plants (HPP) because of their complexity and importance, socially as well as economically. One of the pathologies that is most found in these structures is hydraulic abrasion of concrete, which can lead, in extreme cases, structures to complete failure. The objective of this research work is to obtain and analyze test data of various repair materials regarding their resistance to hydraulic abrasion as well as their respective adherence systems. The research was divided into three phases: the purpose of the first phase was to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of the repair materials; the objective of the second phase was to analyze the compatibility between the repair material and the substrate through the evaluation of adherence by the slant shear test; Finally, the purpose of the third phase was to provide data about the abrasion resistance of the repair materials through the ASTM C1138 testing method. In the first phase, axial compression tests and consistence tests were perfomed with the concretes and mortars used as deep and superficial repairs at 3, 7 and 28 days. In the second phase, adherence tests were made, at 3 and 28 days, in the adhesive systems, which consisted of polymers and cement based materials. In the last phase, the same repair materials of the first phase were used: cement based mortars and concretes with and without pozolanic addition silica fume and high reactive metakaolin and an epoxy mortar at 3 and 28 days of age. As results, axial compression strengths between 40 to 65 MPa were obtained for the cementitious materials at 3 days of age and between 60 to 80 MPa at 28 days. Meanwhile the epoxy mortars strength was 20 MPa for both ages. The mortars consistency was thixotropic, while the concretes ones were very fluid. Regarding the adherence tests, the surfaces were first scarified, then clean and wet, which provided a condition for the cementitious adhesives to perform much better than the polymeric ones, even for those that were recommended for adhesion in wet substrates. In the abrasion test phase, a new methodology was used to prepare the concrete substrates before the application of the repair materials. The repair that achieved the best results under abrasion was the epoxy mortar. No statistically significant difference was observed between the concretes with and without pozzolanic additions. In general, the mortars wear, especially at 3 days, was larger than the concretes wear, in which the presence of two stages of rate of degradation were clearly verified, due to the abrasion resistance of the coarse aggregates. Therefore, it was possible to identify different stages of abrasion wear for the tested concretes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação quantitativa da dinâmica espaço-temporal da precipitação na região hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-01-31) LOUREIRO, Glauber Epifanio; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The analysis of the rainfall behavior in a watershed is fundamental for engineering and management of the hydric resources. The Tocantins-Araguaia Basin (TAB) for your recent occupation and economic potentialities, earns prominence in the national scenery. This work evaluates the spatial-temporal dynamics of the annual precipitation in this region quantitatively during a period of 30 years of data. The dynamics of rainfall can be analyzed by the calculation of the mean precipitation in a given area, by composing isohyets maps of annual precipitation. However, the confection of these maps require one interpolation method what better please represent the rainfall characteristics in places not shown for posterior please analyze quantitative of the behaviour of the rainfall. For much, went realized descriptive exploratory analyses sample and spatial how requisition of stationarity of the interpolation method geostatistics, fill and validation of the theoretical model what he embed to the variograma of annual rainfall. The confection of isohyets maps for the method of ordinary kriging (no drift) and Universal Kriging (drift) went afterwards realized the calculation of the precipitate volume in the hydrographic region for the method of the contours. The spatial dynamics of the precipitation was realized with base in the analysis of descriptive statistics, isohyets maps, map hypsometric, Meteorological Irregularity (MI) and Coefficient Variation. Temporal dynamics was analyzed by the distribution of the total annual of volumetric precipitation for every secondary basin of the TAB, Standarized Anomaly, in the variation interanual of precipitation and trend test and magnitude represented respectively by Mann Kendall Test and Sen's. Interrelated upshots with the meteorological anomalies of the Atlantic Ocean (Dipole) and Pacific (ENOS) indicate the behaviour of the enough precipitation heterogeneous and with big variability principally in the under subbasin Tocantins Alto (TOA) (14%.) Diminution of the pluviometric amplitude, in years of intense meteorological anomaly causing a precipitation increment to the south of the under basins TOA and Araguaia (ARA) and diminution of the precipitation to the north of the secondary subbasin Tocantins Baixo (TOB), in El Niño events. One cannot prove for Mann Kendall test precipitate in the TAB, has an trend significative statistically in the volume but the estimated Sen's gives clues of fall in the precipitation in the sub-basin TOA (-1,24 km³/year) and Araguaia (ARA) (-1,13 km³/year) and increase of the precipitation in the under basin TOB (0,53 Km³/year) and for the TAB (-1,5 km³/year). So spatial and temporal variability in the under basins is intimately reported to the events of meteorological anomaly, in which your action occurs of irregular way to the long of the area to study and lop influence the socioeconomic different activities in the TAB in accordance with your magnitude and area of occurrence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O balanço de massa das unidades componentes de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto e a utilização da estatística multivariada como ferramenta de verificação do comportamento físico, químico, bacteriólogico e de metais no esgoto bruto e tratado. Estudo de caso: estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico – ETE Sideral - Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-04) FARIAS, Flavia da Silva; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The mass balance of the component units of a wastewater sewage treatment and use of multivariate statistics as a tool for verifying the behavior of raw sewage and treated, was implemented in ETE Sidereal Municipality of Belem do Para in Brazil. This study observed the entire flowchart constituent of the station that is designed to receive a maximum flow of raw sewage of 73 l / s. and now serves a flow of only 1.7 l / so that decreases in 96% of the station was designed, realizing then that today the Sidereal ETE is oversized. In verifying the constituent physical parts of the station there were not in compliance measures that have been suggested in the executive project and were perceived as "in situ". In the mass held for three types of flows: maximum (73 l / s) averaged 43 l / if current 1.7 l / s realized that the decrease in attendance constituent units of the system decreases somewhere around 97.5% the volume to which the components are designed for and found in the Sewage Treatment Station Sidereal. In the characterization of the metals present in the raw sewage treated and it was found that the Principal Component Analysis of the boron (B) (63.5%) and followed by barium (Ba) with (21.9%) justify 84.48% the coefficient of variation that determine how prevalent metal in the influent. In Effluent Boron (B) showed a coefficient of variation of 73.7% which justifies as the main component in the influent of WWTP. In the characterization of metals in the sludge was observed that with a percentage of 98.8% the Barium (Ba) is the main element found. The results obtained with principal component analysis to characterize the physic-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of raw sewage and treated ETE observed that the variable "total COD" is positively related to component BOD and negatively correlated with the Total Alkalinity . Regarding physic-chemical and bacteriological, high levels of BOD, Fecal coliform, TSS and VSS, from the releases of effluents, making present the highest concentrations of organic load remaining.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conflitos por múltiplos usos da água no reservatório da UHE de Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-10) LOUZADA, Aline Furtado; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
Conflicts over multiple uses of water in the reservoir of the Tucuruí Dam arise with the announcement of the construction of the mega dam in the region, and the subsequent social and environmental conflicts. Allied to the raising of the social perception level concerning environmental problems, the search for efficient process of water resources management also increases. This study aims to analyze and typify the conflicts over multiple uses of water in the reservoir of the Tucuruí Dam, using the software for qualitative modeling NVivo 8 as a decision support tool, and thus to determine the best alternatives to be adopted for the conciliation of multiple uses in the reservoir. The typifications performed were based on the analysis of conflicts, its components, elements and aspects, type, nature and origin. In such case, three main types of conflict were identified in the Tucuruí Dam reservoir: conflicts among different water users groups, conflicts over hydraulic works, and conflicts arising from environmental pollution. For this study, a qualitative approach was adopted, using the cognitive mapping method. This type of mapping enables the construction of a cognitive model for the management of conflicts in Tucuruí reservoir. Thus, the software NVivo 8 enabled, besides the analysis of data obtained in the interviews and literature review, the construction of the graphic model to support management of conflicts over multiple uses of water. It was verified that one of the solutions for conflicts is through its analysis in order to investigate the appropriate mechanisms to resolve them, and subsequent proposal of structural and/or non-structural measures for water resources management. The main actions for the solution of conflicts are defined in methods of long-term institutional resolution. The model may act as a support for planning and decision making, concerning environmental problems, the participation of water users in the water system, public policies, as well as integrated water resources management. Then, it follows that the exploitation of water resources should provide the multiple uses of water in response to the environmental sustainability principles, inserted in a process of management of conflicts over multiple uses of water and integrated water resources management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de compósito cimento-madeira com materiais da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06) FONSECA, Fábio de Oliveira; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
This work intends to propose an application for tropical wood waste from wood industry as saw dust; from the region of Belem, in the fabrication of wood-cement composite. Due to the natural chemical incompatibility between wood and cement, this procedure results in a set retarding effect, with wood specie depending intensity. This by-effect can be beaten by using a procedure like additives, wood mineralization, accelerated carbonation and others. Analysis were made with axial compression strength at 28 days age data, for mortars made with 2, 3.5 and 5% wood content in mass; using cements type CP I and CP II; with and without Calcium Clorets-based set accelerator additive. Then, obtained data were statistically analyzed for evaluation on wood content and additive use over mechanical resistance. Most of existing researches uses reforesting species, being the tropical ones almost never studied. So, this work represents a pioneer effort in developing a cement-bonded wood composite with our regionally available materials and residues.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho acústico das edificações segundo a NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013): desempenho das vedações e validação dos requisitos normativos com base na opinião dos usuários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-18) SANTANA, Wylliam Bessa; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
With the growth of large urban centers in Brazil, the population density and the need for housing led to high demand for semi-detached homes and apartment houses with numerous apartments, however, with the passage of time they became the result of user complaints in consequence of the low performance of the buildings. The normalization of the performance of the buildings was necessary. Several international standards address the issue, but only in 2013 was published the Brazilian standard of buildings performance NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013), stipulating among other things, requirements for acoustic performance of internal and external walls, and slabs about the noise impact and air. However, there are some questions, such as: does the current construction typology meet these performance acoustic criteria? Are these criteria suitable? Among to answer these questions, field tests and questionnaires were performed with residents. Among the seals whose acoustic performance is required, the results show the inner walls are more distant to meet these criteria, and the external meet with difficulty, even as perceived by users. About the regulatory requirements for acoustic performance, are significant the annoyed levels generated by impact loads on slabs, highlighting the low accuracy, and even more worrying that the latter is the fact in not require acoustic performance criteria regarding the impact noise between walls, highlighted by the vast majority of respondents as the main source of noise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da substituição parcial do agregado graúdo por escória de alto-forno nas propriedades mecânicas de concretos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-08) VASCONCELOS, Adriano Luiz Roma; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
The blast furnace slag charcoal is waste generated from the production of pig iron in blast furnaces. In the steel mills operating in blast furnace waste generation is approximately 250 kg per ton of pig iron produced. In this sense, the state of Pará figure as the second largest domestic producer of pig iron, reinforcing the importance of having a more detailed scientific research in order to minimize the environmental impact caused by the accumulation of this waste through the development of appropriate applications. In this context the present research aims to determine the mechanical properties of concrete produced with the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (AGN) for blast furnace slag (EAF). For this we performed a beneficiation process of the EAF by crushing in a jaw crusher and screening, then it performed a dose of study concrete with 100% AGN was performed immediately replacing (by mass) of natural aggregate by aggregate of blast furnace slag (0% - reference, 20%, 30% and 40%). tests were carried out in the fresh state (consistency) and in the hardened state (compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) of concrete produced with partial replacement of AGN by EAF at the ages of 28 and 63 days as well as scanning electron microstructure (SEM) of concrete. The results showed that the incorporation of the EAF in the mixture caused a gradual decrease in concrete workability. As well as the mechanical performance increased significantly compared to conventional concrete from the incorporation of 30% of EAF. Thus, incorporation of this waste in special concrete production improvements induced responses in all the analyzed mechanical properties when compared to conventional concrete.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de aproveitamento do resíduo do beneficiamento de caulim como matéria prima na produção de pozolanas para cimentos compostos e pozolânicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-01-16) LIMA, Jefferson Maia; CARNEIRO, Arnaldo Manoel Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9191655335324358
The use of residue in civil construction can to become a activity of extreme important and more frequent, mainly due to amount available with potential of recycling, possible reduction of environments impacts. The kaolin industries produces two type of residue. The residue contain clay mineral kaulinite show potentially of is to employ by pozzolanas at the construction civil industry. This research evaluates the technical viability to production of pozzolanas from mixtures in various percentagens of kaulinitic residue with limestone, wanting increase the reactivity. The contents of replacement of cement for pozzolanas is of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% e 60% was studied. The cement employed was CP I S 32 and the pozolanas was made in the laboratory. The following tests in the experiment cements were carried out: specific gravity, specific surface area, water of normal consistency, setting time and compressive strength. Also, were carried out mineralogical tests in the pozolanas. The incorporation of pozzolanas allowed to mortar obtain compressive strengths more than it reference even though in high contents. Due to the pozzolanas show a considerable hydraulic characteristic this it occurred. It waits of residue burned becomes a higher pozzolana to employ at the civil construction, mainly along with cement, mortars and concretes in the substitution of burning clays from natural deposits despite necessity of adding tests for confirmation and complementation of effects was observed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo numérico-experimental da influência da alvenaria de vedação na rigidez de edifícios de concreto armado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-02) NASCIMENTO, Adauto Cezar Rosa do; VELOSO, Luís Augusto Conte Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9476653308517248
In the practice of engineering design, the presence of masonry infill in framed structures of reinforced concrete buildings is considered only as a infill component or partition of an ambiente, in other words, the masonry infill is considered as a non-structural purpose element. Although the masonry be treated as a non-structural component, they are connected to the structural system, therefore is expected that they exert some influence in the behavior of the structure still their stiffening effects in buildings have normally been ignored by design engineers. The focus of this research is assess the masonry infill influence in the lateral stiffness of reinforced concrete tall buildings located in Belém (PA). For this purpose, the ambient vibration of two buildings was measured with accelerometers in order to determine their natural frequency. In addition, computational models of the buildings were made to assess the influence of the infill panels using equivalent diagonal strut method and considering the infill panels as shell elements. The principal comparisons between the computational models and experimental results were based on mode of vibration and natural frequency of the buildings. Significant global stiffness of building based on experimental frequency suggest that model more realistic is the model with infill panels modelled as shell elements.