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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4696

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários (PPGBAIP) é um programa do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O PPGBAIP contempla a formação de profissionais das áreas das Ciências Biológicas, Biomédicas, Médicas e afins em nível de mestrado e doutorado.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise taxonômica e molecular de Cestoda nematotaeniidae parasito de intestino delgado de Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de Belém-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-02) MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; SANTOS, Jeannie Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4543897195525368
The amphibians of the species Rhinella marina known also as Giant Toad and have cosmopolitan distribution. Posses nocturnes habits, due of variety of feeding they can live in different habitats. Then, they can have many kinds of helminthes parasites. Among the helminthes, the cestodas are the target of study of this work. The members of Nematotaeniidae Family are commonly found in small intestine of repitilian and amphibians. The frequent auto-infestation would justify the high taxes of parasitism in one host. The present study has the objective to identify and to characterize the Cestoda of Rhinella marina from Belém-PA. Twenty hosts were captured in homes of the metropolitan area of Belém-PA and, after necropsy the Cestoda were isolated of intestine, and some specimens were fixed in A.F.A (Glacial Acid Acetic 2%, Formaldehyde 3% and 95 % of Etanol 70º GL), and some worms fixed in 2% Glutaraldehyde in Cacodilate buffer 0,1m P.h 7,4, to process in different techniques. One part of the samples was dehydrated in Etanol Series, and stained with Carmim®, and clarified with Metil Salicilate®. Some specimens were dehydrated and included in Paraffin for acomplishement of longitudinal and tranverse cuts. The worms fixed in Glutaraldehyde were dehydrated and included in Historesin®. Some Cestoda were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An indentification was accomplished throught drawings in Olympus BX 41 microscope equipped with camera lucida, pictures were taken in a MEDILUX microscope, with image captures system and in MEV JEOL 5310. Histological sections were photographed and 3D reconstruction was made in RECONSTRUCTTM software. The cestoid possess a cylindrical body, filiform and with difficult segmentation, except in the final portion of the strobila. Escolex with four suckers without hooks or apical organ, the pregnant proglotis presents two piriform capsules, funded in the basis and containing one or more eggs. The observations in SEM and light microscopy of the cestoda founded in small intestine of R.marina from Belém-PA, we observed that these Cestoda belong to Nematotaeniidae Family, meanwhile the other morphologic characters observed did not permit us to classify this helminth in any Gender of this Family.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos microbiológicos e epidemiológicos da doença diarréica aguda no município de Juruti, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-20) SOUSA, Eveline Bezerra; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The presente study described the epidemiological and etiological aspects of acute diarrhea in Juruti, Pará, Brazil. A total of 261 fecal samples were investigated (diarrheagenic, n = 170 and control, n = 91), from patients attended in Public Health Units in the period from February to July 2009. Samples were investigated for bacterial, Rotavírus and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination, immunological tests (ELISA) and bacterial culture techniques. Two multiplex PCR were designed for the detection of all categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. A total of 154 samples were positive (diarrheagenic, n = 118 and control, n = 36), in which 75,4% were represented for mono infections and 24,6% for mixed infections. Most of cases included children less than 10 years of age (55,9%), which no significant difference were found between female and male. The most common enteropathogens in diarrhoeal samples were E. histolytica/E. dispar (26%), Shigella spp (15,7%), Giardia lamblia (13,3%) and diarrheagenic E. coli (12,8%), from which Shigella spp (p = 0,0028) were shown to be associated to the cases of acute diarrhea. The most frequent categories of E. coli in diarrhoeal cases were ETEC (7,2%) and EAEC (5,9%). The less frequent enteropathogens, in diarrhoeal samples were Campylobacter jejuni/coli (4,7%), Rotavírus (2,8%), Salmonella Panama, A. hydrophila and A. sóbria (0,5%). These results are useful for environmental and epidemiological surveillance of acute diarrhea disease in Juruti.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da diversidade de insetos hematófagos da subordem Nematocera e de vertebrados silvestres: transmissão de arbovírus na área de influência do Projeto Salobo, Carajás, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MONTEIRO, Hamilton Antonio de Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Aiming to evaluate the diversity of hematophagous insects and sylvan vertebrates, as well as the arbovirus fauna present in the area, a longitudinal study was performed in the Salobo Project area, Mineral Province of Carajas, Pará state, Brazil, between December 2005 and June 2007 (seven scientific expeditions), before the action of mineral extraction be launched. Insects belonging to the families Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Psychodidae, and Simulidae were collected using the miniature CDC and Shannon light traps, and human bait; sylvan vertebrates (birds, small mammals and reptilians) were also captured in the are using Shermann and Tommahwak traps. Biological specimens from insects and vertebrates were used to attempt of virus isolation in suckling mice, while the vertebrate serum samples to determine the antibody prevalence to 19 arboviruses by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. A total of 44,795 (1,220 lots) hematophagous insects were collected, mostly of Psychodidae. The most abundant species of Culicidae were Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemgogus janthinomys; a total of 1,288 vertebrates were also captured; the rodents Proechimys guyannensis and Oryzomys capito, and the birds Turdus albicolis and Phlegopsis nigromaculata were the most prevalent species in the area. Three Tucunduba virus strains were isolated from lots of Anopheles (Nys.) sp., Culex coronator and Wyeomyia sp. HI antibodies were found to Bussuquara virus, Cacipacore virus, Icoaraci virus, Ilheus virus, Mucambo virus Rocio virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and western equine encephalitis virus. The most prevalent arbovirus by HI was the SLEV.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da terapêutica da malária por Plasmodium vivax: perfil cinético da cloroquina e primaquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) TEIXEIRA, José Ribamar Mesquita; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
Today search - new strategies for improving the treatment and control of malaria. The monitoring of plasma concentrations of drugs is an important tool that aims to provide more knowledge on the kinetics of several antimalarial drugs, aiming to achieve rapid therapeutic effect with reduced risk of toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response to chloroquine and primaquine for vivax malaria patients, the plasma concentrations correlate with parasitemia, epidemiological data and evaluation of liver and kidney function, aiming at the optimization of various therapeutic regimens employed, evaluating if the responses are due to ineffective treatment of Plasmodium resistance to chloroquine or the presence of sub-therapeutic concentrations of drugs. Thus, we evaluated 40 patients with vivax malaria in the Program in Clinical Trials of Malaria Institute Evandro Chagas (Belém, Pará) in the period 2008 to 2010. Hemogram and other biochemical parameters were performed. The research of plasmodia in blood smear was performed and the parasitemia averaged 7187.5 ± 6732.7 parasitos/mm3. The prevalence of males with 67.5% of cases. The locations of malaria infection ranged from 14 municipalities in the state of Pará, most of which originates in the city of Anajás. For 42.5% of patients it was the first episode of the disease and 57.5% of applicants. In the evaluation of anemia by hemoglobin, there - if the levels below reference values in 60% of patients and hematological and biochemical parameters showed that the mean values of hematocrit and red blood cells showed highly significant difference between subgroups of patients and non-anemic anemic. The determination of chloroquine and primaquine in patients on D0, D2, D7, D14 and D30 were performed. The mean values of 0, 1102.1, 546.7, 185.8 and 98.6 ng / ml for chloroquine and 0, 210.2, 345.0, 91.7 and 0 ng/ml for primaquine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do nível de concordância do teste imunocromatográfico OptiMAL-IT® e a gota espessa no diagnóstico da malária, no município de Mazagão-AP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) FADUL, Danielle Scerne; COUTO, Álvaro Augusto Ribeiro D'Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800209721205388
The precocious diagnosis and the opportune treatment of the cases of malaria is one of the main strategies for the control of the disease. Several alternatives for the traditional microscopic diagnosis were proposed in the last years, the Immunochromatographic tests that capture white antigens of the parasites of the malaria they are being proposed, as the test OptiMAL-IT® that captures the lactic desidrogenase of the Plasmodium sp.. The study had as objective the evaluation of the level of agreement between the Immunochromatographic test (OptiMAL-IT®) and the thick drop for the diagnosis of the malaria in the City of Mazagão – Amapá, Brazil. 413 individuals were analyzed with malaria sintomatology that had looked for the service of the unit of health service of the city, with age among 01-68 years. The results of the OptiMAL-IT® test were compared with the obtained results, of the same samples, through the thick drop red-faced by the Giemsa. Of the 413 patients suspicious to present malaria, 317(76.8%) were positive through GE and 311 (75.3%) were positive for TDR OptiMAL-IT®. Of the positive blades of GE, had been found 27.4% of P. falciparum and 72.6% of P. vivax . The OptiMAL-IT® test detected 27.7% of P. falciparum and 72.3% of P. vivax. The sensibility obtained with TDR for P. falciparum was of 97.7% and for P. vivax was of 98.2%, the global sensibility of TDR was of 98.1% and the global specificity for both the species was of 100%. They were found preditivos values positive and negative of 100% and 94.1%, respectively. The OptiMAL-IT® test had a high agreement with thick drop, it is specific and efficient. It can be used in the diagnosis of malaria in the situations where microscopy is not available.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos fatores de risco associados à transmissão do HTLV-1 e do HTLV-2, em doadores de sangue, na cidade de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-10) LOPES, Bruna Pedroso Tamegão; LEMOS, José Alexandre Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0820294977759092
In order to define the epidemiological profile of the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) among inapt blood donors population, at the HEMOPA Foundation, in Belém, state of Pará, we analyzed 113 epidemiological forms, related with risk factors associated with these retrovirus transmission, among carriers and noncarriers of HTLV. We observed that 76% (n=50) of the inapt blood donors were infected by HTLV-1 and 24% (n=16) by HTLV-2; 62% (n=70) of the carriers were male and 38% (n=43) were female, with a tendency of infection in this gender (p=0,007). The risk factors which exhibited significant results were: have received blood transfusion (p=0,0003), more specifically to HTLV-2 (p=0,02); have been breastfeeding from non-mother (p=0,006), more specifically to HTLV-1 (p=0,04); have been submitted to surgery (p=0,01), discriminately to HTLV-1 (p=0,03) and HTLV-2 (p=0,04); share blades/shavers (p=0,02), more specifically to HTLV-1 (p=0,02); do not use condoms during sexual intercourse (p=0,0003), discriminately to HTLV-1 (p=0,001) and HTLV-2 (p=0,002). Despite of the diverse stages existing in the process of selection of blood donors, which the main objective is to eliminate potentials candidates carrying transmissible blood diseases, in special of chronic and asymptomatic course, exist bias that disable an exempt process of fails.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular dos vírus do grupo Gamboa (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) isolados nas américas e infecção experimental em pintos (Gallus gallus domesticus) com o vírus Gamboa cepa Be AN 439546
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-31) CHIANG, Jannifer Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Pedro Fernando da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973550817356564
Presently, little information on Gamboa serogroup viruses (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) is available. Thus, in this work, it was performed a comparative phylogenetic study on the members of the Gamboa serogroup and with other orthobunyaviruses to the level of the gene Gn (M-RNA); an experimental infections in the domestic bird (Gallus domesticus) using the strain Be AN 439546 of the Gamboa Virus (GAMV); and a serologic study using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test in serum samples of wild animals and humans collected in Tucuruí - Pará. The phylogenetic analysis of Gamboa group viruses demonstrated that they are genetically closely related to group Turlock viruses and less related to the Simbu group viruses. The group Gamboa viruses were distributed in two clades (I and II), that it is in agreement with the current serologic classification; the clade I correspond to the Gamboa complex and the clade II to the Alajuela complex. The strain Be AN 439546 presented tropism for chikens lung and liver, with viral replication in this organs confirmed by detection of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry. These results, demonstrate that this bird species is a susceptible host for GAMV replication. The detection of HI antibodies against GAMV, confirmed by neutralization tests were found in wild bird plasmas and reinforces the hypothesis that these animals constitute the main amplification hosts in the maintenance cycle of GAMV. Full length genome studies of the Gamboa serogroup viruses, as well as on the ecoepidemiology of their vectors and potential vertebrate hosts are needed to generate new data and to reinforce the understanding of the information already existent on those viruses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dirofilariose canina em dois municípios da Ilha do Marajó, Estado do Pará, Brasil: um enfoque epidemiológico, morfológico e molecular
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-03) FURTADO, Adriano Penha; LANFREDI, Reinalda Marisa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5488452069004649
Filarids are elongate and filiforms nematodes parasites. Canids filarids parasites belong to the Onchocercidae Family and are represented mainly by Genus Acanthocheilonema, Dipetalonema and Dirofilaria. These filarids develop in different places in the vertebrate host, and need for haematophagus invertebrate host to complete your cycle. Different infection levels can occur, since assintomatic, until the death of dog. The filarids parasites of dogs are found mainly in the region between the tropics. In the Amazon region a little is known about the distribution of these parasites, and until this moment, a study of distinguishing diagnosis was not performed. With this objective, we choose two cities in the Marajó Island (Salvaterra and São Sebastião da Boa Vista) and carry through a epidemiologic, morphologic and molecular studies. The percentage of microfilaremics dogs was of 37.34% in Salvaterra and 6.67% in São Sebastião da Boa Vista, resulting in a total prevalence of 32.45%. Analyzing the morphologic characteristics of the collected adult filarids, we concluded that these worms are of the Dirofilaria immitis species. For analysis of genic region, we conclude that the microfilariaes found in the dogs blood studied are also D. immitis species, and that these dogs had not presented mixing infection.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade genética de isolados ambientais de Vibrio cholerae da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-30) SÁ, Lena Líllian Canto de; VICENTE, Ana Carolina Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9393006603341915
Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is an autochtonus bacterium of aquatic environment in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Cholera is endemic and epidemic in many countries in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. In this study our goal was to detemine the genetic diversity of V.cholerae environmental isolates from aquatic ecosystems in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 148 environmental strains of V.cholerae non-O1 and non-O139 (NAG) and O1 serogroups, isolated from the Amazon region since 1977 to 2007, were characterized and compared with clinical strains of V.cholerae O1 from sixty and seventh cholera pandemic. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) was performed to determine the clonal relationships between V.cholerae non-O1, O1 environmental and clinical strains. The presence of virulence genes (hlyA/hem, hlyB, hlyC, rtxA, rtxC, tcp, ctx, zot, ace, stn/sto) and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons (intI 1, 2 e 3) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Whole genome macrorestriction analysis revealed that the environmental V.cholerae NAGs were more diverse than the environmental O1 strains, both groups segregate in distinct clusters and most of environmental O1 strains show a clonal relationship with seventh cholera pandemic strains. The distribution of virulence genes in NAGs strains is largely different from that of O1 strains which, in general, were positive for all virulence genes analyzed excepting for stn/sto and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Some O1 environmental strains, belonging to the seventh pandemic lineage, went through an extensive gene loss. Distinct NAGs strains were stn/sto+ and intI 1+. Two alleles of aadA were found: aadA2 and aadA7. Interestingly, V.cholerae O1 environmental strains belonging to the pandemic lineage were only isolated during the period of cholera epidemic in the Amazon region of Brazil (1991-1996).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Doadores de sangue positivos em triagem sorológica para doença de Chagas no Acre: necessidade de adequação e orientação diagnóstica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-24) SILVA, Pablo Rodrigo de Andrade e; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923
This study, which involved 77,893 blood donors who attended for the first time the Blood Center of Acre, from January 1997 to December 2008, aimed to: 1) to identify individuals with positive serology for Chagas disease, 2) characterize clinically, individuals with positive serology for Chagas' disease and 3) properly orient individuals serologically positive for therapy advocated. The sample consisted of 91.6% of male patients, with an average age around 47, all residents of the state of Acre. Serological screening was performed with the application of the ELISA positive results with 102 of these, 12 were included and subjected to confirmatory testing, of whom 11 had confirmed the positive result. According to the evaluation of complementary exams (ECG, echocardiography and endoscopy), a donor had installed the cardiac and the other an indeterminate form of the disease. You must provide the confirmatory test for Chagas disease in the routine of blood banks in order to ensure timely referral to a qualified medical assistance to that blood donor who became Chagas’ patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A epidemiologia das doenças infecciosas no início do século XX e a criação da Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-03) MIRANDA, Aristóteles Guilliod de; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
The late nineteenth century showed two important features in the area of health. The first indicated the continuous occurrence of diseases caused by infectious agents that included yellow fever, malaria, cholera and smallpox. On the other hand, the economic situation of the state of Pará with the early loss of exclusivity extractive production of the largest wealth generator for the state, the rubber, has led to a situation where it became increasingly difficult and expensive training new medical doctors abroad or in other Brazilian states. The early twentieth century brought the opening of colleges in Belém, including two in the area of health (Pharmacy and Dentistry), as well as national legislation for the creation and opening of medical courses. The state of Pará, under the influence of the effort of Oswaldo Cruz with his work of eliminating yellow fever in the city of Belém, in a practical application of the new knowledge generated by the description of infectious agents in their transmission by vectors and application of new ways of preventing and controlling diseases (sanitation and vaccines) after organizing at first through a scientific society in innovative ways, creates the 8th medical school in Brazil, on January 9, 1919, named Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia descritiva de Salmonella em ecossistemas aquáticos de diferentes áreas do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-09-20) LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; ISHAK, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621101706909450
Surveillance of Salmonella serotypes in aquatic environments is an important procedure for the monitoring of human and animal infections. The analysis of 694 samples of water collected from river, creek, bay, beaches, lake, well, nascent, provisioning water, stream, drainage and sewage distributed along 11 districts in the State of Pará, Brazil, yielded 212 (30,5%) contaminated samples with 91 serotypes and 2,115 strains of Salmonella. In Belém, 77 sorotypes were identified out of 1,300 isolates from freshwater and sewage; S. Saintpaul, S. Panama, S. Muenster, S. Hadar and S. Agona were the most frequent serotypes. In the National Forest of Caxiuanã, 69,4% of water samples were positive for Salmonella and 17 serotypes were identified, being S. Panama, S. Miami and S. Gaminara the most frequent ones. Antibiotic resistance was described in 64.8% of the Salmonella isolates from aquatic environments, with a special importance to streptomycin (97,1%) and tetracycline (10,8%). The presence of Salmonella and thermo-tolerant coliforms in superficial and underground water was frequently associated, but E.coli was not isolated in ten occasions. Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment broth was more efficient than Selenite Cystine for the isolation of Salmonella when kept at 42,5ºC. The serotypes isolated from sewage closely resembled the isolates originated from human fecal cultures during the same period. The results show the dissemination of Salmonella in aquatic environments in the State of Pará and the risk to the health of the human population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia molecular do Vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas - HTLV 1/2 no Estado do Amapá-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) SILVA, Ivanete do Socorro Pinheiro da; ISHAK, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2847150361567807
The geographical distribution of the infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1/2 – HTLV 1 / 2 is extensive, nevertheless, there are areas that are more endemic and have more particularities depending on the HTLV type. The HTLV 1 shows a bigger occurrence in south west of Japan, Caribbean, Central America, in different regions of South America and in parts of Central, as well as in western Africa, while HTLV-2, seems to assault distinct groups of people, such as Indians native people from North, Central and South America, Pigmies from Central Africa, Mongols in Asia as well as in infecting drug users. The present work had as objective describing HTLV molecular epidemiology, in three different populations the State of Amapá, they are: HIV/IDS positive patients, Afro-descenig population and individuals assisted of Public Health Center Laboratory of Amapá – LACEN-AP, directed for diagnosis of HTLV. The samples were tested for the presence of virus using serological (ELISA and Western blot) and molecular assays (gene amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism from pX and env for the analysis of polimorfismo o restriction fragments for endonuclease action. The obtained results in different populations are In the population of HIV infected people, all the samples were negative; in the Afro-desceding population, only one sample was positive confirmed by serological test (ELISA), but negative according to western blot test and submitted to the molecular analysis, there wast not amplification. However, among samples of individuals directed for diagnosis of HTLV, 06 (six) were positive, 5(five) out of 6/them were confirmed by western blot test. The molecular result demonstrated the presence of HTLV-1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo epidemiológico da amebíase no Estado do Pará utilizando diferentes metodologias para diagnóstico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SILVA, Mônica Cristina de Moraes; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923
The amebiasis epidemiology had been evaluated since the E. histolytica (pathogenic) was differentiated from E. dispar (non-pathogenic). In this study, it had investigated the amebiasis frequency in residents from Pará using different diagnostic techniques and evaluated the parasite pathogenesis. All participants (n = 845) had given their fecal material and from them, 191 were asked about the symptoms of diarrhea, abdomen pain, constipation, nausea and vomit. We had also analyzed 8 liver exudates from patients suspected of hepatic amebiasis. All samples were examined by microscopy and the E. histolytica confirmation was done by antigen detection (E. histolytica Test. TechLab). Of the total, 98 fecal samples and all exudates were cultured in Pavlova medium for parasite isolation and biochemical characterization and molecular (species identification and genotyping of the locus 1-2). Strains from other Brazil regions were also genotyped. The positive rate for E. histolytica found was 29.35% (248/845) and there was no correlation with age. The sensitivity of the microscopy method was low (45.26% - 74/334) and the specificity high (87.03% - 260/334) when compared to the ELISA test. The correlation between presence of symptoms and ELISA positive results was significant (OR 4.4026) with the diarrhea and abdominal pain being the most reported. None of the exudate samples was positive under the microscopy, but 7 of them were ELISA positive. We had success in culturing only 22 fecal samples. The characterization of HE was possible only for 13 isolates, from which, 7 were E. histolytica and 6 E. dispar. The DNA of the 22 isolates and all exudates were tested by PCR for the species identification and genotyping. Of the total, 16 strains (9 mixed, 4 E. dispar and 3 E. histolytica) and 5 exudate had amplified at the PCR. The genotyping had identified additional positivity for E. histolytica in one exudate and showed different length polymorphisms for the locus 1-2 de E. histolytica and E. dispar of Pará and other Brazil regions and one case of co-infection by different genotypes of the E. dispar. Our results had showed that the invasive amebiasis is an important public health problem within the Amazonian population and that the high genotype variability of E. histolytica contribute for the maintenance of this disease in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo epidemiológico de agentes virais (HIV, HTLV, VHB e CMV) identificados em adolescentes grávidas atendidas em um centro de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-05) GUERRA, Aubaneide Batista; MACHADO, Luiz Fernando Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8099461017092882
The prevalence of infection by viral agents such as HIV-1, HTLV1/2, VHB and CMV is not so much known in pregnant teenage population from the North region of Brazil. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence of infections HIV-1, HTLV1/2, VHB and CMV in pregnant adolescents, attended in a Reference Center in the State of Pará. To achieve the objectives, it was collected blood samples from 324 pregnant adolescents, who came from several cities of the State, from November of 2009 to February of 2010. The samples were submitted to an immuno-enzymatic test (ELISA), in order to detect antibodies Anti- HIV, Anti- HTL V1/2, Anti- VHB and Anti- CMV IgM/ IgG. The serological analysis revealed one serum positive sample for HIV-1, two positives samples for HTLV1/2, while the majority of samples showed antibodies Anti-CMV-IgG, although the occurrence of high infection was low (2.2%). The prevalence of infection for VHB in pregnant adolescents was 0.62%, however a great number (83.3%) of adolescents are susceptible to the infection by VHB, what means they probably were not immunized. The majority of adolescents (63.4%) continued their studies, even though they know about their pregnancy and 34.6% started prenatal later, so they only had a minimum number of four consultations of prenatal. The result reinforces the hypothesis that pregnant adolescents have prevalence for those viral type infections, what is similar to the national pregnant women rates. The prevalence of viral subtypes (HTLV-2 and HIV-1 subtype B) obtained by the molecular characterization of serum positive samples from pregnant adolescents agreed with the prevalence of subtypes from the North region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo genotípico de Trypanosoma cruzi: epidemiologia e caracterização molecular de isolados do homem, triatomíneos e mamíferos silvestres do Pará, Amapá e Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) VALENTE, Vera da Costa; TEIXEIRA, Marta Maria Geraldes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067345143353691
The acute Chagas disease (ACD) is endemic in the Brazilian Amazon, and its main transmission route is oral, throughout family and multi-family outbreaks. This route is independent from the colonization of triatomine bugs in dwellings and its occurrence is regular, with mean rates of 100 cases per year and a lethality rate of 5%. The disease has a well-defined spatio-temporal distribution, which makes it a relevant public health concern in the states of Pará, Amapá and Amazonas. The existence of wild mammals and triatomine bugs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi inhabiting different terrestrial and arboreal ecotopes maintains an intense enzootic cycle all over the Amazon region. Molecular profiles of T. Cruzi lineages in the region are associated with mammal reservoirs (including humans), triatomine bugs, ecotopes and clinical manifestations. We analyzed four ACD outbreaks in the municipalities of Barcarena, Belém and Cachoeira do Arari on Pará State, and Santana on Amapá State, based on epidemiologic features (laboratory, parasitological and serological diagnoses, clinical manifestations and the reservoirs and wild triatomines related to the outbreaks). We also investigated the domestic and wild transmission cycles of T. cruzi in São Luis on Maranhão State, without the occurrence of ACD cases. This study comprised molecular genotyping of T. cruzi on the mini-exon gene of the isolates associated with both transmission cycles (humans, mammals and wild triatomine vectors). Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed in 63 patients with the following sensitivity rates: 41.3% (26/63) for the thick blood film method; 58.7% (37/63) for QBC; 79.4% (50/63) for xenodiagnosis; and 61.9% (39/63) for blood culture. The serological diagnosis of 2648 individuals by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was of 3.05% (81/2648), whereas the results of the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) were 2.49% (66/2648) for IgG and 2.37% (63/2648) for IgM. All tests carried out in São Luís were negative. A total of 24 mammals, 13 Didelphis marsupialis, 1 Marmosa cinerea, 5 Philander opossum, 3 Metachirus nudicaudatus, 1 Oryzomys macconnelli, 1 Oecomys bicolor and 433 R. rattus were captured. The infection rate for T. cruzi was of 7.14% (29/404). A total of 3279 triatomine bugs were captured: T. rubrofasciata (n=3008) and infection rate (IR) of 30.46%, (39/128) and R. robustus (n=137) IR of 76% (79/104), R. pictipes (n=94), IR of 56.9% (49/86%) E. mucronatus (n=6) and P. geniculatus (n=12) IR of 50% and the other non-infected species R. neglectus (n=5) and P. lignarius (n=6). Palm trees were the main ecotopes for the wild triatomine bugs. S. martiana was infested with 47.41% (101/213) of the triatomines; Maximiliana regia, 35,21% (75/213); Orbgnya speciosa, 5.16% (11/213); Eleas melanoccoca), 1.87% (4/213); and Oenocarpus bacaba, 10.32% (22/213). Genotyping was carried out using 46 isolates of trypanosomes obtained from humans, 31 from wild mammals and 74 from samples of triatomine bugs. All isolates were characterized as belonging to the Tcl lineage. All human cases in Pará were characterized as positive by parasitological testing. Not all the cases in Santana were tested positive because of the delay on diagnosis, but they were defined as positive. Xenodiagnosis, blood culture and QBC® were more sensitive than the thick blood film. Serological examinations by IHA and IIF (IgG and IgM) presented an optimal sensitivity to detect acute cases in different moments of infection. Mammals (D. marsupialis) and wild triatomine bugs (R. pictipes and P. geniculatus) infected with high infection rates of T. cruzi in the patients’ peridomicile area account for the importance of these reservoirs in the transmission cycle of the ACD, and are associated with its transmission. Even though several genotypes of T. cruzi circulate in the Amazon Region, only the Tcl lineage was identified in the patients, mammals and triatomines investigated in this study. In São Luís, in spite of these having no record of human cases of ACD, it has a domestic cycle associated with the black rat and the triatomine bugs of the species T. rubrofasciata, as well as a sylvatic cycle associated with didelphids. The Tcl cycles circulate in both cycles. Studies with isolates of local T. cruzi using markers with a higher definition might help clarify the transmission cycles, transmission routes and the reservoirs involved in cases of ACD in the Amazon Region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo morfológico de microparasitas em Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander 1984 (Osteiththyes: Cichlidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-22) VIDEIRA, Marcela Nunes; MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7895814591867510
The ornamental fish market has been growing gradually in recent years and the increasing pressure on the banks of natural fishery resources, seeks to find alternatives to the continued production of fish through aquaculture or is the search for new features or even slightly, such as fish Aequidens plagiozonatus, common name cará pixuna. Based on this knowledge is important to perform studies characterizing the parasitological profile of these species of fish in order to verify and control the spread of parasites that cause imbalance in aquatic ecosystems. The objective this study was to provide a better understanding the bioecology, through a survey of actions caused by parasitic microparasites (microsporídios, myxosporídios e coccidios) emphasizing the morphology of these organisms. For this, five collections were made, totaling 100 specimens, which were autopsied and having their organs. Parasitized organs were removed fragments, fixed and processed for light microscopy. Hepatosomatic index were calculated and the prevalence of the parasite specimens for each group of parasites analyzed, giving the enfaze microparasites. From the observations made were 3 phyla were found: Myxozoa, Microsporidia and Apicomplexa. We observed the first occurrence of mixosporidiose urinary bladder of this species. We also observed the occurrence of multiparasitism and the multifocal localization of some parasites. The prevalence of microsporidia in the studied was 100%, 18% myxosporeans, Apicomplexa 45%. These data represent an important contribution to the study sanitary fish A. plagiozonatus in the region, since any activity that involves the extraction of natural resources should be managed through planning and management measures to allow the equilibrium of ecosystems, promoting sustainable use of its resources and guaranteeing the preservation of the system, so that it can prevent the spread and transfer of disease by means of aquatic animals. Keywords: Fish, Ictioparasitology, Aequidens plagiozonatus, microparasites.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidatidose policística no Estado do Acre: contribuição para o diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos pacientes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06) SIQUEIRA, Nilton Ghiotti de; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923
The echinococcosis is a zoonosis whose etiological agents are nematodes of the genus Echinococcus. There are five species of Echinococcus, two of them, E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) and E. vogeli (Rausch & Bernstein, 1972) only occur in neotropical areas. The echinococcosis by E. vogeli causes multiple hydatid cysts, mainly in the liver of intermediate hosts, of which one is the human being. The lack of knowledge about the disease makes the diagnosis is delayed or even misleading. The lack of systematic information on treatment is also difficult to assess the results and prognosis of patients with peritoneal and hepatic lesions caused by E. vogeli. Here we describe the clinical features of patients, we propose a radiological classification protocol used in the classification of alveolar echinococcosis (E. multilocularis "PNM" Classification, Kern et al., 2006), which was also suitable for polycystic echinococcosis (E. vogeli) and describe a therapeutic option for the treatment of hydatid disease which previously had only been used for cases of cystic echinococcosis (E. granulosus, PAIR-Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration, Brunnetti et al., 2001). A prospective cohort study was initiated in 1999 and by 2009 included 60 patients. We describe the main symptoms and signs: pain in upper abdomen (65%) and hepatomegaly (60%) and patients were classified according to the "PNM" classification and submitted to three therapeutic modalities: (i) chemotherapy with albendazole at a dose of 10mg/kg/day, (ii) surgical removal of cysts or (iii) percutaneous puncture of the cysts- PAIR. After exclusion of two cases, due to inadequacy of the research protocol, the groups were distributed as follows: treatment with albendazole: n = 28 (48.3%, 28/58), surgical therapy: n = 25 (52.1%; 25/58) and PAIR: n = 5 (8.1%, 5 / 58). The results were stratified according to outcome of therapy: "Cure", represented by the disappearance of lesions after clinical or surgical treatment, "clinical improvement", defined as asymptomatic patients without weight loss and physiological functions preserved, "No Improvement" included patients who remained symptomatic, "Death" and "No Information", the monitoring did not allow a conclusion about the outcome. The three treatment groups together demonstrade lethality rate of 15.5% (9 / 58), "no improvement" 1.7% (1 / 58), "clinical improvement" in 40.0% (23/58) and "cure "in 32.8% (19/58). Regarding the outcome "death", there was no difference between therapies with albendazole or surgical treatment with 4 (14.2%) and 3 (12%) deaths respectively, but in the first group, albendazole, the outcome "cure" was 4.3% (1 / 23) and "clinical improvement" 74.0% (17/23), whereas in the "surgery" to "cure" represented 71.0% (17/24) and "clinical improvement" 16.7 (4 / 24). Therapy "PAIR" was associated with a lethality rate of 40% (2 / 5), cure in 20% (fifth) and clinical improvement in 40% (2 / 5). The "PNM" classification was useful to indicate such therapy in cases of polycystic hydatid disease. In conclusion, in the series studied surgical therapy has better results in the clinical therapy on the outcomes "cure" and "clinical improvement". The treatment for PAIR needs further studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
ICB/PPGBAIP Estudo da ocorrência e perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de pacientes e profissionais de saúde na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de hospital público de Rio Branco-AC
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-07) LAVIOLA GARCÊZ, Poliana Torres; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The nosocomial infection is a serious public health problem worldwide, mainly in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, which are subject to greater risk due to the severity of clinical symptoms, constant use of broad spectrum antibiotics and frequency of use of invasive procedures. Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that colonizes healthy individuals and is also responsible for infections in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to identify the resistance profile, main sites affected by infection and possible risk factors associated with infection or colonization by S. aureus isolated from patients and healthcare professionals from the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Emergency and Emergency, Rio Branco (HUERB) – Acre. We developed a cross-sectional study, conducted between January to August 2009. To search for carriers, biological samples were collected from microbiota of patients and professionals and professionals hand washing. For a survey of cases of patients with nosocomial infection were collected biological samples from sites suspected of being affected, 72 hours from the date of admission until discharge, transfer or death. Of the 62 patients enrolled in the study, 19.3% were carriers and 6.4% developed nosocomial infections by S. aureus, and 35 professionals, 28.6% were carriers of S. aureus. It was the second most bacterial species isolated from patients, and was the fifth most isolated from cases of nosocomial infection. There was no statistical evidence for the variable state of coma, use of invasive procedures and state of carrier patient are considered risk factors for acquiring nosocomial S. aureus in this study. The anatomical sites affected by IH by S. aureus were the respiratory tract ( n=2), followed by blood (n=1). The sample catheter tip was responsible for one insulated. One (1.6%) patient developed IH by MRSA, and 5 (8,1%) patients and 2 ( 5.7%) professionals were MRSA carriers, low occurrence as it relates to the results of the rest of Brazil and world. We also emphasize the incidence of MRSA over MSSA and low antomicrobial resistance of MRSA demonstrating that the UTI-HUERB, the IH S. aureus does not constitute a public health problem. There were no isolates of S. aureus resistant to vancomicina, wich can be considered a therapeutic option for cases of IH by MRSA. It is worth emphasizing the importance of this study in Acre State, for being the first of its kind in the UTI, involving S. aureus and MRSA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identificação molecular de espécies do complexo Anopheles albitarsis (Diptera, Culicidae, Anophelinae), coletadas em dois municípios da Amazônia brasileira, com análise de suscetibilidade natural a plasmódios humanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-03) SILVA, Ana de Nazaré Martins da; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2256328599939923
Members of Anopheles cryptic species complexes may exhibit behavioral differences among them, the susceptibility to malaria infection, and resistance to insecticides, thus, the specific identification has epidemiological relevance, which is not always possible by morphological criteria. Alternative methods have been employed such as those that analyze highly conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, which varies among species, known as internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Anopheles albitarsis complex is currently composed of six species: An. albitarsis s.s., An. oryzalimnetes, An. albitarsis F, An. marajoara, An. deaneorum and An. janconnae. At least the last three are incriminated as malaria parasite vectors in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to perform molecular identification of An. albitarsis complex species, for analysis of ITS2 rDNA sequences, in order to assess their importance in malaria transmission in the cities of Macapá, Amapa and Peixe-Boi, Para, including investigating the first time the occurrence of An. Albitarsis F in two epidemiologically distinct areas: the first with a history of high risk of malaria transmission and the second not (Peixe-Boi). All-night human landing catches of mosquitoes were carried out in the peridomestic environment, from January 2009 and April 2010. The females collected were morphologically identified and only An. albitarsis s.l. was dissected: head and thorax were separated for analysis of natural infection by ELISA; ovaries for parity analysis and the carcass, legs and wings for molecular identification. In Macapá were collected 584 mosquitoes: 366 An. albitarsis s.l. (62.7%), 167 An. darlingi (28.6%), 33 An. triannulatus s.l. (5.6%), 15 An. braziliensis (2.6%) and 3 An. nuneztovari (0.5%). It was possible to visualize the specific band An. marajoara in 320 specimens of An. albitarsis s.l. tested. Of the remainder, 33 were negative and 13 amplified a fragment of ~ 490pb, not allowing to reach the specific diagnosis. The An. marajoara specimens showed biological and behavioral characteristics that confirm their epidemiological importance in malaria transmission in Macapa, such as being the most prevalent species, with a higher proportion of parous females (73.0%), and therefore with the greatest chances of infected with Plasmodium, occur in both seasons (dry and wet), presenting biting activity in all hours worked, moreover, was found infected by P.vivax and P. falciparum (natural infection rate of 3.1%). In Peixe-Boi, were captured 43 anophelines: An. triannulatus s.l. (20 specimens, 46.5%), An. albitarsis s.l. (13, 30.2%) An. darlingi (8, 18.6%), and An. nuneztovari (2, 4.7%). All An. albitarsis s.l. collected were identified by ITS2 as An. oryzalimnetes. None was found infected by Plasmodium, and the vast majority was parous females (84.6%). Systematic entomological surveys are needed to analyse the importance of An. oryzalimnetes in malaria transmission in the city. The An. albitarsis F was not found in the two areas studied. Our results contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon region.