Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca - PPGEAP/NEAP

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3478

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (PPGEAP) integra o Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Focaliza os problemas relacionados com a conservação e com a gestão dos ecossistemas aquáticos amazônicos, decorrentes do uso dos seus recursos naturais pelo homem, em particular os recursos pesqueiros, para atividades de desenvolvimento econômico e regional.Tem como objetivo geral capacitar recursos humanos capazes de compreender de forma integrada a complexa dinâmica dos ecossistemas aquáticos da Amazônia, visando o uso racional dos seus recursos e sua conservação.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordos de pesca: desafios de implementação e consolidação em áreas de várzea do município de Gurupá, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-03) COSTA, Pâmela Melo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
Considering the context in which many decisions Amazon to protect and conserve the environment for the region often arise vertically, with no participation of the users of natural resources, local community in decision-making processes, and end up forgetting the empirical experiences this population is that they did this study. Through the methodological techniques: direct observation, application of semi-structured interviews, analysis of monitoring data sheets, we tried to look at the context of life gurupaense, especially those living on the floodplains of the municipality, and has considered agroextractivists activity fishing source of protein, income and who has been practicing in a shared mechanism of the Fisheries Agreement as a way of managing this activity. The research focuses on the Community Management of Shrimp implementation process and consolidate the participation of experts, NGOs and financing projects, as well as the social, economic and environmental conditions in periods in which there was or not the work of that outside mediation. The study showed that participation of outside mediation stimulated organizational processes and provided the local collective action, which even with the termination of support, self-management and community force is passed on to younger generations, but the study also shows that the challenge best indicators for the environmental levels is required technical support to promote scientific research in the field of Population Dynamics of Fish Stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assembleias de ciclídeos na área focal da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, médio Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-19) PEREIRA, Ludmilla Costa Ferreira; CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5423657235023988
This study aims to know the fish diversity of the family Cichlidae in different habitats (lakes, ressacas and river banks) and habitats (floating macrophytes, branches and beaches) on Sustainable Development Reserve Mamiraua (RDSM), medium Solimoes River, Amazonas. Samples were collected in two periods: 1) Three months sampled in March, July and December 2003 in 21 environments; 2) from September 2003 to August 2004 in five lakes with presence of the floating meadows Eichornia crassipes and Paspalum repens. Were used gillnets, hand nets and seine nets. Were collected 6397 fishes and 350 kilograms, represented in 28 species and 16 genera. Cichlids represented approximately 35% of the total number of fish collected. The composition of the catch was dominated by juvenile forms or small fishes. Mesonauta insignis and Cichlassoma amazonarum dominate in abundance and weight along the study. Species richness was larger in the period I (28 species), while during the period II were recorded 19 species. Nine species were absent in lakes with floating meadows. The study showed that the cichlids moving between environments and habitats of the Reserve in search of better conditions for their survival.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A atividade pesqueira nas ilhas do entorno de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SCHALLENBERGER, Bárbara Heck; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Amazonian estuary is a region with favorable conditions for productivity, and fishery is an important activity. The islands of Combu, Onças and Mosqueiro, focus of this study, are part of the Amazonian estuary and fishing is an important activity. Based on this information, the objective of this study was to describe and to compare the different types of fishing at Combu, Onças and Mosqueiro islands, identifying sustainability indicators, considering the economic, social, ecological and technological aspects, which results may help to assist to generate subsidies for the formulation of public policies to the fisheries sector. Descriptive and numeric variables considering the different dimensions were used in order to describe the systems of fish production to make comparisons including both the systems and also the islands studied. For comparative statistical analysis only the numerical variables (means and percentages) were used from data collected by researches and from secondary data. Multivariate analysis; Cluster analysis and ordination (MDS) comparing the systems were applied to identify groups and the possible causes of the similarity between the systems for each island. On Combu´s Island it was identified the following fishery systems: matapi, gill net for consumption, block net , longline hook medium and longline hook large. On Onças´s Island it was observed the fishery systems matapi, gill net for consumption, gill net for commercial purpose, block net , longline hook medium and longline hook large. On Mosqueiro´s Island it was identified the fishery systems matapi, gill net commercial, longline hook medium and longline hook large. The analysis of systems in all dimensions showed that the island of Mosqueiro differs to the other islands. When analyzed separately by dimension Matapi system, block net and gill net consumption of the islandes Combu and Onças were very similar. However, systems observed in Mosqueiro´s Island differ from the other islands mainly considering the economic dimension. Based on the results, it can be said that fishing in the islands of Onças and Combu is for subsistence and the main activity is the vegetable extraction while fishing in Mosqueiro´s Island is commercial. Although fishing in the islands of Combu and Onças is only for subsistence, it´s also an important source of food and extra money for the residents. In Mosqueiro´s Island fishing has high economic importance, but the fishing areas are also exploited by fishermen from other parts of the state without any management initiatives by the government.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da biologia reprodutiva de Plagioscion squamosissimus (HECKEL, 1840) e Plagioscion surinamensis (BLEEKER, 1873) no terminal de Vila do Conde e área adjacente (Barcarena - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-29) BARBOSA, Neuciane Dias; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Port of Vila do Conde, situated in the city of Barcarena/PA, have been exposed to a number of environmental disasters in recent years which can eventually cause the disequilibrium of the use that the aquatic resources make of the environment and consequently to the ecosystem as a whole. Artisanal fishery in this region is relevant, detaching Plagioscion squamosissimus and P.surinamensis as the mains sources of income and food for the population. The objective of this study was to describe the areas of concentration and the reproductive biology of P. squamosissimus and P. surinamensis in the adjacent area of Vila do Conde, mainly identifying the importance of the use of these environments for reproduction. Aiming to identify to the period and fishing sites of greater species abundance, it was obtained the index of abundance CPUE (Kg/viagem) based on data collected from June 2007 to May 2008. The determination of the use of the area for reproduction and the description of reproductive biology was based on 40 to 53 individuals of each species collected from the commercial fishery in a bimensal basis. In laboratory, total length and total weight was registered and gonads were removed for the identification of sexual maturity. The abundance of P. squamosissimus is maximum between September and February and for P. surinamensis it is registered between March the May. The weight-length relationship showed isometry for the females of P. squamosissimus and for both sexes of P. surinamensis. For males of P. squamosissimus positive alometry was registered. The sexual ratio was favorable to the males for P. surinamensis (1,05male: 1female) and favorable to the females (1,11female: 1male) for P. squamosissimus. The value of L50 (length at first maturity) for P. squamosissimus was 16,14 cm for females and 21,43 cm for males. The length at first maturity for P. surinamensis was 27,65 cm for females and 27,13 cm for the males. The percentage of individuals in reproduction of the P. squamisissimus is considerable. The peak of the reproduction of this species (October/November and February/March) coincides with the peak of abundance, indicating that this species is in the area for reproduction. P.surinamensis presented greater percentage of immature and maturing individuals, indicating that this species uses this area mainly as a nursery. For P. surimamensis, reproductive individuals was mainly reported in August/September and October/November.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e comparação de projetos comunitários de ostreicultura localizados no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) HOSHINO, Priscila; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The aquaculture is being characterized as strategy to minimize the reduction of the fish. At Pará, the oyster farming was implanted in 2003 as an opportunity regarding to occupation and profits generation at Northeastern of this state. In 2005 this initiative was expanded to other communities with different levels of familiarity with the mollusk, regarding to the support either on the researches in this sector or on the extractive activity. This research evaluated the communitarian oyster farming performance in the state of Pará. It was studied three projects with at least two years of implementation and with either different levels of preservation and oyster harvest activity. The implementation of the firsts cultivations occurred simultaneously and in a similar way regarding to institutional support, however with different performances. The main producer issues are to obtain the license to develop this activity and also the necessity to take care about the tide. It is necessary to provide more detailed feasibility studies, with more commitment from the side of the interested institutions in order to perform the actions they are supposed to work out, providing events where it will be possible to spread the information and discuss the aquaculture bottlenecks at the state of Pará, as well to provide a consolidated partners network to prepare the groups regarding to organization, activity management and helping in the market access. The most part of the oyster famers are small producers, artisanal fishermen that found a way to manage their families via oyster farming. However, the oyster farming is a secondary activity to them, once it is still not enough to support their necessities. Nevertheless, several farmers already declared once they manage how to increase the oyster production they will be exclusively dedicated to this activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação sanitária de água de cultivo e de ostras da zona do salgado, nordeste do Estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-19) KIYATAKE, Daniela Mayumi; RIBEIRO, Karla Tereza Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654817572738748; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
The cultivation of oyster species of the genus Crassostrea is expanding in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Pará. This study analyzes the sanitary quality of the oysters and the water in which they are cultivated in the local municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas and Curuçá. Samples were collected monthly between June, 2009, and May, 2010. Water samples were collected from the flood and the ebb tides, and approximately 15 oysters were obtained each month. Coliform concentrations were determined using the multiple-tube fermentation technique, followed by the biochemical identification of the bacteria and determination the susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from oysters and water samples. The geometric mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms in the water was 119 MPN/100 mL in São Caetano de Odivelas and 163,21 MPN/100 mL in Curuçá, well above the limit of 43 MPN/100 mL established by the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA). As Brazilian legislation on the sanitary quality of bivalve mollusks covers only the processed product, the European Union legislation, which assigns oysters for raw consumption to three sanitary classes, was adopted for the evaluation of the results of the present study. In São Caetano de Odivelas only two of the samples collected during this study were assigned to class A, seven samples to class B and three samples to class C. While in Curuçá three samples were assigned to class A, seven samples to class C and two samples to class C. The results suggest the need for mitigation measures to ensure the health quality of the oysters, such as the application of methods of depuration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e ecologia do camarão dulcícola Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) no estuário Guajará, Pará, costa norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-29) CAVALCANTE, Danielle Viveiros; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Macrobrachium surinamicum é uma espécie de camarão do Atlântico cuja biologia ainda é pouco conhecida. Na Amazônia ele é frequentemente capturado como fauna associada à M. amazonicum, espécie predominantemente dulcícola amplamente comercializada na região amazônica pela pesca artesanal, atendendo as necessidades alimentícias e econômicas da comunidade ribeirinha. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a distribuição espaço-temporal do camarão dulcícola M. surinamicum na Baía do Guajará e Ilha de Mosqueiro, correlacionando a abundância desta espécie com fatores abióticos (temperatura e salinidade) e, além disso, investigar a estrutura populacional, as principais relações biométricas e elucidar alguns aspectos da reprodução desta espécie, foram realizadas expedições mensais na Baía do Guajará e na Ilha de Mosqueiro de maio/2006 a abril/2007. As amostragens foram realizadas com utilização de armadilhas conhecidas localmente como matapis. Um total de 361 camarões foram capturados sendo a maior abundância em dezembro e a menor em julho de 2006. A maior captura foi na Ilha de Arapiranga e menor na Ilha de Mosqueiro. A abundância diferiu significativamente em dezembro/06 e nenhuma variável estudada teve influência significativa na abundância de M. surinamicum. Os machos foram maiores que as fêmeas e a proporção sexual total não diferiu significativamente do esperado de 1:1. A frequência de fêmeas e machos entre locais e meses foi maior em dois períodos do ano, denotando dois prováveis períodos de recrutamento: um maior de novembro a fevereiro e outro menor, de abril a maio. As relações entre o comprimento do cefalotórax (CC) e as demais variáveis indicaram crescimento alométrico positivo. A maturidade sexual de M. surinamicum ocorreu em tamanhos diferentes para fêmeas e machos, sendo que o tamanho médio da primeira maturação (L50) de fêmeas foi 5,47 mm de CC e de machos 8,85 mm, sendo 6,08 mm para os sexos agrupados. A combinação das maiores freqüências de estágios maturos, ovígeras e desovadas de fêmeas, com os picos de fator de condição relativos (Kr) indicam que as desovas são intermitentes, apresentando, no entanto, um pico desova em janeiro e fevereiro, coincidindo com a maior pluviosidade na região. A Baía do Guajará, especialmente os locais mais abrigados como a Ilha de Arapiranga e do Combu, propiciam o desenvolvimento de M. surinamicum, o que indica que esta espécie tenha preferência para áreas menos antropizadas, se mantendo no estuário tanto nas etapas juvenis quanto adulta, que todos os estádios de maturação gonadal foram encontrados o que torna a Baía de Guajará e a Ilha de Mosqueiro locais importantes para a conservação desse crustáceo.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e ecologia trófica de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) no Rio Araguari, na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-25) TRINDADE, Paulo Arthur de Abreu; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This research aims to contribute to the knowledge of biology and trophic ecology of the species H. unimaculatus in Araguari river, in the influence area hydropower Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brazil. The study region corresponds to a portion of the river basin Araguari. Samples were collected bimonthly from May 2009 to July 2010. Batteries were used for mesh networks (2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, cm between opposite knots with 10 m x 1.5 m in height) and casting net (15 and 20 mm). The gillnets were exposed during 17 h, with inspects every 3h. The specimens collected were kept on ice and preserved in 10% formalin. They were weighed (Total Weight) and measured (Total Length). Sex was identified from the macroscopic analysis of gonads, which were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin. The stomachs were weighed and preserved in 70% alcohol. The environment was characterized by the multivariate analyzes. The length structure of the population, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, relative abundance and biomass were evaluated. The location and time of reproduction, size at first maturation and spawning type, were also studied. The trophic ecology was evaluated by feeding activity and content organic matter. Food items were analyzed by the methods of frequency of occurrence, degree of food preference and the feendig index. The results showed that the area downstream of the dam and lake area was greater transparency of the water in the reservoir depth and predominant amount was larger values of pH. The average length was 193.74 mm (80-258 mm ± 22.71 mm) and mean weight was 70.90 g (10- 160 g ± 23.99 g). There were significant differences in length for the periods of the year. The increase of the species was negative allometric (b = 2.34). The sex ratio was 2:1 favoring females. The relative abundance and biomass were higher in the reservoir and lake area. Spawning occurred between the months of November 2009 and January 2010, individuals preferentially spawn in the reservoir and the lake. The total spawning type and size at first maturity is from 157.5 mm. The species has iliófaga-detritivorous feeding habit with a tendency to omnivory. The feeding strategy is general, but dominant for items phytoplankton and detritus. The species H. unimaculatus, has adapted successfully to the dams and their diet may have been altered before the changes caused by the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e dinâmica populacional de Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), no rio Xingu, Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-25) ROMAN, Ana Paula Oliveira; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
Hypancistrus zebra is a specie used with ornamental purposes, endemic and rare in the Middle - Lower Rio Xingu, which has strong demand from the international ornamental fish market, which created a strong pressure of exploitation associated with this species. H.zebra is included on the list of Brazilian fauna threatened with extinction and their capture is prohibited. It is known that even prohibited, it continues to be captured and exported illegally, together with the construction of this hydroelectric Belo Monte in his patch of distribution, which threatens their geographical distribution and lack of information on its biology and ecology make it difficult planning actions for this species. So, if this work aimed to study aspects of reproductive biology and population dynamics to contribute to conservation measures for this species. Specimens of H. zebra were taken monthly from March 2009 to February 2010, by diving with a compressor, on the Xingu River, between the location of the weevil and Rita village of Belo Monte. The captured individuals were weighed and measured (total weight and total length). The gonads were removed and immediately fixed in Bouin solution. This was followed by routine histological techniques and the slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The stages of gonadal maturation were described based on the presence of germ cells at different stages of development. Through the length frequency data, estimates of population parameters such as growth models, recruitment, mortality, yield per recruit and size of first gonadal maturity. The species showed a seasonal spawning peaks between the two transition seasons of drought and flood (and vice versa) of the river, and two periods of recruitment, with different growth rates. It was estimated that the species has a lifespan of five years, and is at the limit of maximum sustainable yield, which is characterized as a dangerous situation for the species, because any increase in effort will compromise the stock and it is not known impacts that occur as a result of changes in their habitat caused by dam construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da ictiofauna durante o período seco, na Baía do Guajará e Baía do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MELO, Ylana Priscila da Costa; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290
The Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó coverage area of search and inserted into the context of the estuary Paraense, are characterized by receiving the majority of freshwater discharge and submit macrotidal area. The fishing in this region is of great importance to the economy of several municipalities in the state of Pará, including the capture of several species and different fishing gear and two fleets and technologically distinct (artisanal and industrial). As part of the research study in the Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó, it was necessary to contribute with important information related to biology and ecology of the environment, where such information was used to perform the characterization of the fish fauna of the area during the dry period in order to survey the local diversity, since the majority of fish landed in Bethlehem is from these areas through fishing. The study included areas belonging to the state of Pará, covering the port terminals Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó. An extra collection was performed in the area of the island of Mosqueiro. The data available so far do not show differentiation in the composition of the fauna of the areas studied. It was estimated a total of 37 fish species, accounting for 4379 individuals in the Bay of Guajará Bay of Marajó and Mosqueiro island, where the family was more representative Scianidade grouping species that contributed the most, which were: Hake (Plagioscion squamosissimus) and Curuca (Stellifer rastrifer) (assumed to be constant, ie, effectively making up the fish fauna of the place in the bay of Guajará, as in the bay of Marajó and the island of Mosqueiro). Among the 37 species, 4 were considered constant, 26 were occasional white and 7 catches. Hake (Plagioscion squamossisimus) and Curuca (Stellifer microps) were the most important species for fisheries in terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE), frequency of occurrence, and relative contribution of Simper analysis (multivariate). Being only the island of Mosqueiro that stood out: Mackerel (Pellona flavipinis), because of marine influence in this area is higher, which thus characterizes the local biota and distinguish it from other regions. Overall diversity was low with greater variations, and the evenness remained free of major difference between the areas. The area had low species diversity compared to other estuaries, mainly explained by the high hydrodynamic of the area and high flow vessels, making the environment inhospitable to the emergence of some species. More emphasis has earned the bay of Guajará has great ecological importance because it is considered as the nursery, and therefore economical, as there are commercial species that spend part of their life cycle there.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, abundância e pesca da ictiofauna como indicadores do estado de conservação de dois lagos de várzea no baixo Rio Amazonas (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ALMEIDA, Morgana Carvalho de; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
The Amazon floodplain has a rich biodiversity and its characteristics influence the economically and ecologically important natural aquatic resources for the people. On the basis of these information, the objective of this research was to characterize the composition and abundance of ichthyofauna in two floodplain lakes in the Santarem region, and to understand the use I buy fishers in the Piracãoera and Campos fishing communities, in the Urucurituba region, and Barreira and Correio communities in the Tapará region. Samples were taken in the Aramanaí and Curiquara lakes considering the four hydrological periods (rising, flood, low, dry) for the period between July of 2006 and April of 2007. For the fish sampling were used set gillnets batteries. To collect data on catches of fishermen, forms were used that contained information about the characteristics of the fisheries. We caught 10,146 fish, which were distributed in 156 species, 27 families and 8 orders. The most abundant families in number of individuals were Sciaenidae and Loricariidae. In Aramanaí Lake, the Loricaria sp, was the species with the highest CPUAn with 0.02 individuals per m². hour. In terms of CPUAp featured species Potamotrygon motoro, with 0.13 g.m ². hour and Pterygoplichthys pardalis with 0.11 g. m². hour. In Curiquara Lake, the main catch in number of individuals was represented by the Pachypops fourcroi with 0,001 individuals per m² of gillnet. Curiquara and Aramanaí lakes 9 trophic guilds were identified and for both lakes fish piscivores and detritivores showed the largest catch by weight. The average length of individuals caught in the lakes was 20.27 ± 7.53 cm. The highest mean length of individuals was in the flood and lower in the low period. When fishing is practiced by fishermen used a variety of fishing gear devices highlighting the gill netting. The use of gear depends on the environment exploited, target species, and in addition to the season, and there may be combinations of more than one gear during the catch. The average yield of the fisheries in the two regions was 10 kg.fishermen.dia-1. In Urucurituba region the CPUE average was 16kg.fishermen.dia-1, in Tapará was 4.5 kg.fishermen.dia-1. The Urucurituba’s fishermen showed the higher catch volume and fish marketing. These communities are partially fulfilling the rules of the fisheries agreements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da comunidade microfitoplanctônica relacionada com os parâmetros físico-químicos do estuário do rio Guajará-Mirim (Vigia - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-31) CARDOSO, Fábio Ferreira; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Estuaries are rich nutrients environments, favoring reproduction and development of several species. Phytoplankton represents a considerable portion of primary production in these environments and, together with other factors, regulates the biological productivity levels. This study aimed to know the microphytoplankton dynamics and its correlation with environmental factors in the Guajará-mirim river’s estuary in the city of Vigia-PA, an important fishery center of the Pará state. Every two months were made collections of the phytoplankton and take measurements of physicochemical parameters in four collection stations along the estuary, in ebb and flood tide periods. Were determined the specific composition and density of microphytoplankton (org.L-1) and analysis of frequency of occurrence, diversity and evenness, clustering and principal components. Seasonally, was noted, mainly during the ebb tide, a considerable physicochemical variation, strongly related with hydrological cycle in the region. Seventy-eight taxa were recorded belonging to the Bacillariophyta (65), Chlorophyta (6), Cyanophyta (3), Dinophyta (3) and Ochrophyta (1) divisions. Bacillariophyta was dominant in species number, frequency of occurrence and density (99.89%). The monthly average densities of the microphytoplankton ranged from 9.999 (July) to 535.411 org L-1 (January). In January happened a bloom of Skeletonema costatum (max = 1.996.613 org.L-1). The microphytoplankton community was characterized as the median diversity (annual general mean = 2.40). The seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters and species density was the predominant factor to the grouping of samples, and it formed two major groups, the first composed by samples of the rainy season and the second by samples of the drought period. The principal components analysis showed that, despite the physicochemical parameters have low spatial and seasonal variability, the variation in rate of rainfall, total dissolved solids content and salinity was decisive in the variation of density of most species and also promoted a slight increase in diversity in the drought period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da pesca industrial de camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis na plataforma continental do Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-18) MARTINS, Déborah Elena Galvão; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5423657235023988
Knowledge of spatial distribution of fishing resources is essential to fisheries management. The southern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) is an industrial fishing fleet target on the Amazon Continental Shelf. This study aimed to evaluate F. subtilis relative abundance spatial-temporal patterns from commercial fishery data, using Geographic Information System tools. Catch per unit effort (CPUE), used as index of relative abundance, was related to bathymetry, substrate characteristics, Amazon river flow and the oceanographic variables obtained by remote sensing: sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration. Analyzing substrate characteristics, the commercial shrimp trawls were concentrated at the mottled mud region, where the overlap of environmental factors was crucial for a higher incidence of F. subtilis. In this region, features such as substrate (mud), sedimentation rate (<1 cm.yr-1) and salinity (> 30) are the ideal habitat for F. subtilis. Higher CPUE values were associated with lower temperatures and higher values of chlorophyll-a concentration, which occur at the greatest flow of the Amazon river, during the first six months of the year. It was observed the occurrence of three periods with different levels of production along the year: from February to April, with higher CPUE of southern brown shrimp, from May to July, and August to September, with lower CPUE. The results showed that relative abundance of F. subtilis is not distributed uniformly in space nor in seasonal variation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica populacional de Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Decapoda: Callianassidae) da Ilha de Maiandeua-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-10) GIRARD, Thátila Celestino; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898
Thalassinidea is marine invertebrate of great importance in the ecology of softbottom environments, especially given its influence on the flow of oxygen, energy and nutrients, and bioturbate activities. These ghost shrimps live in burrows of which depends for your needs, like protection, reproduction and feeding. In some places of the world this group has been exploited as bait. The burrowin shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Lovett, 1993 (Crustacea: Callianassidae) occurs from Florida to Brazil. This study aim evaluate the structure and dynamic population of L.siriboia in the Maiandeua island (PA), associating processes observed with environmental characteristics related to sediment and water. Samples were taken monthly between June 2007 and May 2008, with a suction pump. In laboratory, animals were sexed, measured and weighed. In ovigerous females was counted the numbers of eggs in pleopods. The growth was estimated through the von Bertalanffy model that determines the relationship between carapace length (CC) and age (t). A total of 1268 organisms were captured (753 males and 515 females), which lengths ranged from 0,3 to 1,85 cm and the weight from 0,01 to 3,09g. The females monthly mean length was significantly higher than males (p<0,05) in almost months of the year. The carapace length and weight was high and significant correlation to males and females, with length positive allometric to both sexes. The size of first maturation reached was 0,7 cm to females and 0,6 cm to males. Males were proportionally more abundant, totalizing 59,4% of all organisms captured (sex ratio of 1,46 males: 1 female). There was a significant predominance of males in size classes between 0,3 and 1,2 cm and females in the size classes higher/equal than 1,2 cm. There was registred 139 ovigerous females, in which the majority (48,2%) occurred in the class interval 1,1 to 1,2 cm of carapace length. Absolute fecundity ranged of 0 to 1546 eggs/female, with average 826,25 eggs/female. There was positive and significative correlation between the numbers of eggs and the female weight. The growth female was smaller than males, and observed values for males of L_: 1,63 , K: 1, C: 0,2, WP: 0,18 e to females; L_: 1,68, K: 0,8, C: 0,2 e WP: 0,09. Mortality estimates of males were higher than females in all method used: catch curve (Z=1,67 e Z=0,11 to males and females), Beverton & Holt (Z=1,9 e Z= 1,76 to males and females) and Powell-Wetherall (Z/K=3,98 e Z/K= 2,25 to males and females). There was registered three recruitment pulses in November, February and May. The results showed : 1. males mean length is smallest than females throughout the year; 2. females are dominants in the size classes higher (_1,2 cm); 3. The reproduction is continuous with ovigerous females throughout the year; 4. growth parameters calculated was higher for males than females; 5. Females had reduced growth rate in January (WP:0,09) and males in February (WP:0,18); 6. the mortality is higher to males; 7. recruitment occurs throughout the year with three pronounced peaks in November, February and May.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e ecomorfologia de Neritina zebra (Bruguiere, 1792) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritidae), em um estuário amazônico, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-25) CUNHA, Cristiane Vieira da; SANTOS, Franklin Noel dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2437036625902034; LEE, James Tony; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1693070833836566
The present study evaluates the vertical distribution of Neritina zebra in rocky outcrops in the lower and middle intertidal, intertidal as well as the horizontal distribution between rocky and clay substratas of an estuary in the Brazilian Amazon. The sampling areas are located in an oligohaline area in Icoaraci, Mosqueiro and Colares, at the coast of the State of Pará, Brasil. To evaluate the vertical distribution on orocky substrata, substratamolluscs were esampled in the lower and middle intertidal. intertidal In the lower mesolittoralmto, where clay and rocky substrata occur, substrataoccursamples were collected to verify the effect of the substrata on othe distribution of the mollusc.For each substrata and intertidal zonet zone, 22 replicates were randomly sampledusing a quadrant of 25x25cm² during the rainyrainy and dry season. An Analysis of Variance was seasonAAVancewasperformed to test (1) the effect of the intertidal zone and (2) the substrata onsubstratao the density of N. zebra. Analysis Athe vertical distribution results showed that in the lower zone, ,juvenile individuals show a higher density than in the middle zone, and an oppositeand anp pattern compared with adults appear to occur.Regarding the distribution on the different substrata,on the differentsubstrata results showed higher densities ono rocky substrate than onon clay substrata for young individuals, whereas no definite pattern was detected for adultss. This variability between the substrata and intertidal zones showed the influence of the seasons and the sampling sites. Icoaraci showed theshowedlowest densities, which can be associated to the anthropic activities in that area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal da ictiofauna de poças de maré de um estuário amazônico: interação de fatores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-28) OLIVEIRA, Rory Romero de Sena; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
The intertidal rockpool ichthyofauna has been studied for several years in temperate and tropical regions at the Pacific Coast, however, in Brazil, the knowledge about it is still incipient. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fish assemblages in tidepools located in three different habitats: rocky outcrop, mangrove forest and salt marsh, at Areuá Island, Curuçá river estuary, North Brazil. Samples were taken quarterly from February 2009 to November 2009, during the spring tide, following a standardized methodology. The physicochemical parameters changed along a topographic gradient and were responsible for the spatio-temporal distribution of fish fauna at rocky outcrop tidepools. Salinty, mean depth and substrate heterogeneity were the parameters that more explained the variations in fish fauna distribution A clear segregation of fish assemblages was found between the tidepools of rocky outcrop and vegetated habitats (tideools in mangrove forest and saltmarsh). These findings suggest that the fish fauna has preferences for some habitats influenced by environmental variables and substrate heterogeneity. However, more researches should be conducted taking into account inter-and intra-specific relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas de peixe e sua relação à hidrodinâmica e à qualidade da água no entorno das ilhas do Combu e Murucutu, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) WANDERLEY, Clarissa Maria da Silva; MENEZES, Maria Ozilea Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4537440664948152; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792
In order to compensate for the lack of information on fish larvae communities in the Amazonians region, this study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of larval density, diversity in relation to taxa and development stages. Data collected were related to water quality and hydrodynamic features at sample stations. Samples were taken in October/2008, January, April and July/2009 according to the pluviometric index. Samplings occurred in the Guama and Benedito Rivers bordering the Combu and Murucutu Islands as well as in the Paciência Canal which separates the two islands. The larvae were captured towing a conical plankton net with 330 μm mesh size, 0.5 m of diameter and 2.5 m in length. In parallel surface water were taken, for water quality analysis, and data hydrodynamic. Data were registered included univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA; RDA) approaches. Larval community included 4.983individuals distributed among the Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Tetraodontidae and Hemiramphidae families. The families Clupeidae and Engraulidae dominated, followed by the Sciaenidae family. The peak of larvae as well as the highest density of preflexion stage was registered in October/2008, during dry season pointing at a major spawning event. The Paciência Canal presented a higher larval abundance on its northern side, probably in relation to the strong water flow from the Guamá River. Moreover, the Paciência Canal presented differentiated larval densities for presenting more favorable environmental characteristics. In the area east of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant probably represent a less agitated than the area west. In the East side of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant, probably due to its quieter water when compared to the West side that received the ebbing waters of the Paciência Canal. Among all the parameters taken into considerations, the hydrodynamic were the only ones who showed the best associations to the larval communities. Distribution of larvae at different development stages remained constant over time. Taxa distribution only presented different in October/2008. Diversity and larval density was considered low, which may be related to huge input of freshwater. Water quality was not considered as a limiting factor for fish larvae growth and survival. Water dynamic in the Paciência Canal indicated that there is a restriction in the transport of fish larvae between Guamá and Benedito Rivers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia da ictiofauna e análise ecossistêmica das áreas de influência direta da UHE Coaracy Nunes, Ferreira Gomes - AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-25) OLIVEIRA, Júlio Cesár Sá de; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
The reservoir of UHE Coaracy Nunes in Araguari is located between the cities of Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes in the state of Amapá, Brazil, lying 200 km from the Atlantic Ocean. The Coaracy Nunes was the first dam to be built in the Brazilian Amazon, with its works started in 1967. The Araguari river is the main of the state of Amapá and represents a source of income generation through fishing, farming activities in their floodplain, navigation, mining, power generation and recreation. The present study aimed to assess the changes imposed by the construction of the reservoir of UHE Coaracy Nunes, through the fish assemblages of four areas of direct influence of this plant. For this, from May 2009 to July 2010, fish collections were made bimonthly, with standardized mesh networks ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 cm between knots and other technical aids. From these collections, in the Chapter 1 was investigates the composition, abundance (CPUEn) and biomass (CPUEp) on the fish fauna, sampling efficiency (collector curve, rarefaction curves and Jacknife) and descriptors of ecological communities (richness, diversity, evenness and dominance) of the assemblages of the four areas. We conducted analyzes of variance (ANOVA: factorial), Kruskal-Wallis, t-test and Mann-Whitney test to see if there were significant differences between the descriptors of the areas and seasons. These analyzes were corroborated by multivariate analysis of grouping (cluster), spatial (MDS) and ANOSIM Simper. In chapter 2, the ecological status of the four areas were verified using as indicators: species abundance curves, curves and Kdominance curves ABC, as well as species-abundance models geometric series, log series, log normal and broken stick, and regression model linear size spectra. In chapter 3, the trophic structure was estimated from the categorization of species in each area five guilds: piscivorous, omnivorous, detritivorous, carnivorous and herbivorous. The abundance, biomass and ecological indexes of these guilds were estimated and verified their spatial and temporal variations, by analysis of variance (ANOVA: factorial and Kruskal-Wallis) and Student t test. In chapter 4, the diet of most abundant species assemblage of each area was checked and their spatial and temporal variations detected by analysis of variance (ANOVA: factorial and Kruskal-Wallis). Also estimated the breadth and niche overlap of the most abundant species, as well as the existence of competition between species through modeling zero. In chapter 5 was evaluated four areas of the ecosystem through flow models of biomass in the ecosystem food web, using as a tool for modeling software Ecopath. These analyzes were designed to describe the changes in ecological attributes that quantify the properties of maturity, stability and resilience ecosystem that could reflect the ecological status of these areas. The model included functional compartments from primary producers to top predators. In general, all analyzes indicated significant changes in fish fauna attributed to the implementation of UHE Coaracy Nunes, reflected in the three organizational levels: ecosystem, community (assembly) and guild. The results indicated the capture of 1977 fish divided into two classes, 9 orders, 23 families, 73 genera and 108 species. The species accumulation curves and rarefaction curves showed that samples areas were sufficient to Reservoir and Lacustrine areas. The results showed that the area downstream was more rich, diverse and equitable in relation to other areas and did not influence the seasonal variation in these rates. The relative abundance (CPUEn) was higher in areas Reservoir and Lacustrine and relative biomass (CPUEb) was higher in the downstream, with no seasonal differences for these descriptors in all areas. The cluster analysis (cluster) and spatial (MDS) of the fish fauna permitted to identify the formation of three distinct assemblies: Downstream, Upstream and an assembly comprising Reservoir and Lacustrine areas, confirming the similarity of these two areas. The results of the curves whitake-plot, ABC and K-dominance, as well as the satisfactory adjustment of the broken stick model and the patterns of currvas spectrum size to the assembly area downstream indicate that this area was the most balanced in terms of ecology. Reservoir and Lacustrine areas, the results of both the model adjust geometric series, as the results of the curves whitake-plot, ABC and K-spectrum dominance and size as well as the results of the curves and adjustments to the model spectrum and lower logserie size for the assembly of the reservoir area, reflect that fish these areas, most of them are little guys with high dominance and low evenness, featuring typical of communities impacted areas. The trophic structure of fish assemblages in areas dammed (Reservoir and Lacustrine) formatted according to the bus of the river, which was isolated and fragmented environment, determining their physical modification, requiring the establishment of a fish fauna species pre-adapted to environmental conditions impoundment, different, in part, the structure of the pre-river ichthyofauna bus, highlighting the piscivores, omnivores and detritivores that were the richest and most abundant in the availability in the two areas of food resources of your choice. The results showed that the diets of the assemblies of all areas were similar to the prevalence of consumption of fish and debris, followed by allochthonous plant food, revealing a pattern with a few large clusters and a higher concentration of species with narrower niches. However, the pattern of low amplitude was evidenced by trophic guild dominance of piscivores, added to the detritivore and herbivore guilds. Seasonality little influence on the supply of most species in all areas. The comparative patterns of diet among the areas upstream and downstream to the Reservoir and Lacustrine areas indicate that most species of impoundment areas belonged to guilds piscivorous, omnivorous and detritivorous bus before the river, which colonized these environments, influenced mainly by abundance of food resources on their preferences and physical conditions are favorable. Competitive interactions were evidenced by the null model, suggesting that competition was also an important factor in structuring assemblages. Ecossistemicamente, the four flow models represent ecosystems with high biomass production primári coming from the riparian forest and filamentous algae, which are partially used. The detritus-based food chain had to be more important than that is based on primary aprodução Reservoir and Lacustrine areas. Most flow occurs in compartments lower trophic levels. The properties area downstream ecosystem indicate that this environment is further developed and couple, characterized by a high resilience and entropy. The area presented Reservoir ecosystem attribute features that conferred less resilient and more stable, but less than the couple areas of the river. The Lacustrine area presented attributes characterizing an environment of intermediate resilience, stable immature and at the same time. The Upstream area showed a pattern intermediate amount of resilience, stability and maturity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia e etnoecologia de Hypancistrus zebra (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) no rio Xingu, Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-05) GONÇALVES, Alany Pedrosa; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
H. Zebra is a fish species of the Loricariidae family, Ancistrinae subfamily, endemic of the Xingu River, with distribution from Belo Monte to the confluence of the Xingu and Iriri rivers. Being a species with great market value aquarist ornamental his capture became rampant, making it an endangered species. Despite strong pressure on H. zebra, there are still few studies on the species. Thus, given the scarcity of basic information and the constant threats, knowing the biology and ecology of H. zebra, aggregating the results of scientific research, also the local ecological knowledge of fishermen ornamental trade about this species becomes an essential tool for the conservation of the species. The distribution of H. zebra is restricted to a small stretch of the Xingu River, between Gorgulho da Rita and Itaubinha, and does not occur evenly, it depends on the presence of boulders. A total of 283 individuals of H. zebra were visualized in the rocky outcrops of the study area, of which 232 were captured. The lowest average abundance was Gorgulho da Rita, as opposed to the site Jericoá with the greatest abundance. Between periods, there was a greater abundance in dry river and lowest value for the period of filling. Environmental factors had no significant influence on the abundance of H. zebra. H. zebra is a generalist species, feeding mainly of periphytic algae, debris, plant debris and sponges, while nematodes and millipedes were considered occasional items. Diet composition and abundance of H. zebra showed no significant differences for collection sites, periods of the year and ontogeny. Considering the composition and abundance of the diet, H. zebra can be considered an iliophagousomnivorous, and ability to adapt changes in food availability in the construction of the Hidroeletric Belo Monte. Ornamental trade fishermen demonstrate expert knowledge concerning the distribution and abundance, habitat, feeding, predation and reproduction of the H. zebra, which can be used to optimize work and to facilitate future management measures. The construction of the Hydroeltric Belo Monte Hydroelectric is a threat to the survival of H. zebra and future studies and monitoring of the species are needed, either as mitigation of impacts, either as to captive breeding as an alternative income coastal communities who depend on fishing on the Xingu river ornamental.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia, pesca e dinâmica populacional do camarão-da-Amazônia - Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda:Palaemonidae) – capturado na região das ilhas de Belém - Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
In monthly biological samples of M. amazonicum in Guajará Bay and Mosqueiro island, were studied reproduction, density, morphometric relationships and population dynamics. Two other sample designs was realized in two perennial the same estuary. Results indicate differences in capture of this species using different bait of meal, but is solely on the abundance and population structure does not change. The species is most abundant in the dry season, supporting the idea higher catchability of fishery resources. In Combu island was found species with larger sizes. Females are significantly larger and heavier than males, indicating the differentiation in metabolism due to reproduction. Sex ratio of males is higher in smaller size classes, which may indicate an increase in predation on smaller sizes of males due to their behavior more aggressive than the females or males simply because they reach lengths larger than females are more heavily preyed upon by fishing, with the recruitment of only the smaller males. First maturation length for both sexes resulted in 11.5 mm – carapace length - (11.5 mm in males and 11.2 mm in females). Reproduction in M. amazonicum is continuous or periodic a gradual increase during the months from October to March. The most common sites housed, as inner regions of tidal channels or holes (common in Amazon estuary) sites are preferentially sought by mature females for spawning and juvenile growth. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained were very similar between the sexes, where L ∞ = 44.8 mm and K = 0.35 for males and L ∞ = 46.5 and K = 0.31 for females. Mortality and exploitation obtained was in maximum sustainability and the management should be treated fairly care. In this situation, any increase in effort may result a state of over-exploitation of growth. Allied to near commitment of the stocks of M. amazonicum of the socio economic fishing is no different from other systems of coastal fishery Para: poor education, poor performance of professional associations, chain productive complex and that its main underprivileged. We suggest the statistical monitoring of production, the delineation of the minimum capture length in 4.5cm; suppression of fishing with matapis in headwater areas of creeks and tidal channels, a census of users and the use of models bioeconomic that include major aspects of its biological and productive chain.

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