Teses em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (Doutorado) - PRODERNA/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4045
O Doutorado Acadêmico inicou-se em 2006 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (PRODERNA) do Instituto de Tecnologia da UFPA (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Teses em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia (Doutorado) - PRODERNA/ITEC por Assunto "Abastecimento de água"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise dos impactos da dinâmica de sólidos e de nutrientes na qualidade da água de ambiente lêntico utilizado no abastecimento de comunidades amazônicas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08) SARAIVA, André Luis de Lima; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244The springs of Utinga, formed by the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes, are contained in an Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA and are used by the Companhia de Saneamento do Pará - COSANPA, to supply the population of the Região Metropolitana de Belém - RMB. These springs are formed by Guamá River, where water is captured and sent to the Água Preta lake by pumping, which in an artificial channel with gravity flow, feeds the Bolonha lake, and since it is pumped to the Estação de Tratamento de Água - ETA. The main problems of pollution / contamination of water sources appeared to advancing urban disordered, giving rise to the improper release of sewage and solid waste from neighborhoods, slums and housing estates close to the main springs. The objective of this study was to use tools to support monitoring and knowledge of water quality in the Água Preta lake, to prevent and / or correct degradation processes. These tools are multivariate analysis of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a, nutrient balance and hydrodynamic modeling aiming to observe the dispersion of sediment transport. Samples were collected in surface water at three points strategically chosen to assess the anthropogenic influence in the Água Preta lake and sediments that are suspended matter carried into the lake. The sampling points were georeferenced using GPS (GARMIN Model) and the sampling of surface water were performed with the Van Dorn bottle 2.5 L and transported to the Laboratório de Química Ambiental (LQA), located at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, for further analysis. Samples were collected during the months of March, May, June, August, September and October in 2010, coinciding with periods of higher and lower rainfall. The data of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. Analyses were also carried out analysis of the mass balance of water and nutrients and adopted the use of hydrodynamic model of the modeling program SisBAHIA (Sistema Base de Hidrodinâmica Ambiental), aimed to mimic the hydrodynamic conditions of the Água Preta lake during a year. Through these simulations were generated maps of surface currents to observe the different patterns of movement, since the use of models have played an important role in planning and development of alternative scenarios that include the proper diagnosis of the water systems in its structure, process and dynamics. The parameters studied showed variations during periods of lower and higher rainfall, higher contribution being found in point 2 in respect of turbidity, color, DO, nitrate, NT, chlorophyll a and suspended solids were found larger contribution in points 2. The other parameters (N -ammonia, BOD and PT) had contribution in points 1 and 3, indicating a source of organic pollution, due to domestic sewage, since there are nearby dumping of sewage. In the mass balance was found that both the PT and NID were influenced by the load of water river Guamá during the lower rainfall. While with high rainfall total phosphorus load was higher due to higher contribution from dewatering of sewage released into the reservoir. The retention time for the PT was 180 days and 536 days was NID. Through this balance could quantify the entry, retention and export of nutrients as well as to evaluate the potential for eutrophication of reservoirs. In the hydrodynamic model showed that the distribution of the module speed was identical for each month of the year, regardless of wind direction, with the riparian vegetation around that water environment this important role in reducing the speed modular surface of the water. However near the output channel of pond water was observed a change of speed 0.32 m /s in the rainy season and 0.28 m / s during the dry period that can be related to the precipitation. Furthermore, the input of water in the tank forms a vortex tending to sedimentation process, a fact observed in the bathymetry. The sedimentation at this point be given especially in periods with lower precipitation, because COSANPA increases the flow of water intake to maintain the level of the reservoir to supply the Região Metropolitana de Belém, providing the greatest contribution of suspended sediment, a fact observed with the parameters of turbidity, color and suspended solids, which have higher concentrations at this point and a decrease as they move away to step 3 (water outlet channel for the connection). These tools are of great importance for maintenance of the spring, since they will allow diagnosing the lake capacity tends of retain and remove nutrients as well as the process of the hydrodynamic circulation allowing check sites that can have a major and minor deposition of materials suspended in water column. Through this study will provide data that subsidizes the competent authorities the future and help in the conservation of other sources used to supply water to cities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento de modelo de sistema de informações geográficas para avaliação da eficiência hidroenergética em sistemas de abastecimento de água(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-29) SANTOS, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244Development of methodology for evaluating the performance of hydro-energy Water Supply Systems (WSS) using System Model of Geographical Information (GIS) to assist in decision-making in the SAAs operation. The model developed in GIS platform enables registration, systematization and the spatial distribution of hydro data in order to avoid excessive spending on electricity aggregate the volume of water available for consumption. In Stage 1 the hydro-energy parameters were identified WSSs used in current management methods and then set the data and indicators for the spatial representation in the model of the hydro-energy performance by sector and water supply unit. In the 2nd stage was developed the management model in GIS through Delphi IDE XE5 and TatukGIS platform in three phases: geographic database construction (Phase 1); Construction of GIS module (Phase 2) and construction of hydro-energy module (Phase 3). The last step (Step 3) was submitted to evaluation of the model developed functionality, which simulated the operation of the WSS Bolonha, the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, Brazil, which allowed the spatial data and indicators to identify the sectors with best and hydro-energy worst performance. The color grading maps building tool was efficient, allowing quick identification of the best result of the electricity consumption index in sector 9 of the Central Zone (0.62 KWh / m³) and the worst index total loss in sector 7 of the Central Zone (54.29%). In addition to the warning signs for tool for the indicators above the target set by the user, which enabled the identification of sector 7 with the worst energy consumption index (0.85 KWh / m³). With the work it was found that the SIGHE2A model is a tool that enables and streamlines the evaluation of the hydro-Energy performance WSS, especially to facilitate problem identification and decision making.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologia para avaliação de desempenho hidroenergético de sistemas de abastecimento de água(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-19) REGO, Augusto da Gama; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244This doctoral thesis aims developing a methodology and implementing it on software in order to evaluate a water supply system (WSS) hydro-energetic performance, as well as applying it on a real scale WSS. This paper was carried out in two stages: 1) modeling the hydro-energetic performance evaluation process, establishing of formulations to calculate hydro-energetic losses and implementing methodology on software; 2) applying the methodology at a real scale WSS, which required monitoring of hydraulic and electrical quantities and simulating this WSS at Epanet 2.0. The first stage results consisted at defined hydro-energetic losses and conceptualize hydro-energetic performance on the proposed methodology, which consists sequences of actions and mathematical formulation to calculate hydro-energetic losses at the WSS, as well as to evaluate WSS hydro-energetic performance and, finally, at methodology implementation in a software using Visual Basic for Applications (named as SADHE2A) and successfully tested at the WSS with synthetic data. The second stage results are related to methodology application at WSS of Guanabara (located at Ananindeua city, Pará, Brazil), using SADHE2A – versão Beta, in which were identified water global losses of 55.42% and electrical energy global losses of 8.31% (both classified as “bad” by the methodology), resulting in an economical deficit of 17,981.77 R$/month. This value is equivalent to 57.61% of electrical energy costs, since raw water pumping to the final water costumer. Finally, the methodology developed has met the research expectations to calculate the water losses and electricity consumed losses and to evaluate the hydro-energetic performance of the WSS in Brazil and world.