Dissertações em Engenharia Química (Mestrado) - PPGEQ/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2309
O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 1992 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química (PPGEQ) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Adsorção de cromo hexavalente por carvão ativado granulado comercial na presença de surfactante aniônico (LAS)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-22) SILVA, Maria Vitória Roma da; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152The hexavalent chromium removal from solutions of anionic surfactant (LAS) by granular activated carbon (GAC) commercial was studied. At CAG characterization was used ASTM standard method (Sauter mean diameter, dDMS e pH) and method BET (S, specific surface area). Adsorbent surface group and PCZ were determined by the method of Boehm and potentiometric titration, respectively. The adsorbent characterization results: dDMS=2.4 mm, pH=9.0,S=677.4 m²/g; basic groups (70%) compared with the acidic groups and PCZ in the range (4.8 – 8.6). Tests of adsorption of the surfactant LAS were carried out in shaker (140 rpm/24 h./27ºC), 2.0 g CAG/50 mL, the LAS concentration were determined by methylene blue standard method. The removal results versus initial concentration and removal versus time of all LAS concentrations were more than 99%. The adsorption of Cr(VI) (5 – 20 mg/L) were carried out in thermostatic bath (140 rpm/27ºC); 2,0 g CAG/50 mL; 1 and 24 hours of processing; without and with addition of surfactant (70, 140, 210, 280, 350, 533 and 700 mg/L). The initial e residual concentrations of metal were determined by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method. The metal removal without the addition of LAS was not satisfactory values were obtained, around 15%. The metal removal with surfactant reached values, around 70% to the lowest metal concentration (5 mg/L) and between (58-65%) for the other concentrations.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Modificação da superfície de carvão ativado comercial (CAG) para a aplicação na adsorção de benzeno e tolueno(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-28) LOPES, Anna Sylmara da Costa; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219In this work they were studied the characteristics of surface of CAG commercial in natura (CA-1) and treated for (HNO3) (CA-2) and their applications in the adsorption of benzene and tolueno. Characterization of the adsorventes: specific superficial area - SBET and distribution of pores (adsorption of N2/77 K), pH (norm ASTM D3838-05), functional groups of surface (FTIR and method of Boehm). Adsorption tests were performed in batch system and fixed bed column (25 ° C/140 rpm/25 minutes), where the samples were quantified by gas chromatography with headspace extraction by EPA method 0010. The SBET and the average volume of the pores of the adsorbent CA-2 decreased with relation to the values of CA1 as well as the pH. There was an increase of acidic functional groups determined by the method Boehm of the adsorbent CA-2 in relation to CA-1, which was confirmed by determining FTIR, in which the intensity of the absorption bands were more intense for CA-2. Test data were fitted satisfactorily by kinetic mathematical model of pseudo-second order, based on statistical tests applied, with statistically significant differences between the treated adsorbent (CA-2) and in natura (CA-1). Assays were performed equilibrium adsorption, and the results correlated by the Langmuir isotherm, with satisfactory response for that model. From the adsorption system in a fixed bed column and considering the highest volumetric flow (Q = 100 mL / min) used in this system yielded the most important results of adsorption of benzene and toluene using (CA-2) as adsorbent.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Obtenção e caracterização de carvão ativado de caroço de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) para avaliar o processo de adsorção de uma solução de Cu (II)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-30) PINTO, Marcos Vinicios de Souza; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376Buriti core carbon (CCB) was produced from the reject of artisanal production of its fruit for the extraction of oil, heated to 400ºC. Then, the CCB was activated at temperatures of 800ºC and 900ºC. Adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the discharge of these activation temperatures in the adsorption of a solution of copper (II) to a known initial concentration of 50 mg/L. After having examined the results, it was decided by the activation of coal to 900ºC. The activated carbon of the buriti core (CACB) to 900ºC was characterized according to commercial properties such as specific area, porosimetry, apparent and real densities, porosity of a bed fix, scanning electron microscopy, ash content, pH, moisture, fixed carbon and acid surface functional groups present in the CACB. The results showed a higher removal efficiency of copper (II) to the diameter D < 0.595 mm, for the contact time of 300 minutes, for the pH of 4.01 and the initial concentrations of copper (II) 50 and 80 mg/L. Mathematical models of Langmuir and Freundlich were applied to the data of adsorption equilibrium. The mathematical model of Langmuir was the best fit to the data of balance. The Langmuir’s mathematical model was the best fit to the data of balance. According to data from the kinetic equilibrium, it was observed that from the contact time of 15 minutes all the equilibrium concentrations were below the allowed maximum of 1,0 mg/L under the law CONAMA nº 357/2005 for release effluent into aqueous environments. The experimental results obtained are indicative that it is possible to remove copper (II) from industrial effluent using CACB activated physically at 900ºC for a period of 60 minutes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Produção de carvão ativado a partir da biomassa residual da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa L.) para adsorção de cobre (II)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-20) MELO, Selma dos Santos; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376Activated carbon was produced from the Brazil nut bark (Bertholletia excelsa l.) to be used in the cooper (II) removing, in adsorption process in bath system. The bark is a waste material from the chestnut improvement which was collected, selected, washed in running water and then it was dried up in stove at 150 °C in 24 h. The carbons were charred at 400 °C for 3h and thermally activated at 800 °C in 1, 2 and 3 hours time when they received its encodings CA1, CA2 and CA3 respectively. Then they were characterized as: the specific superficial area, volume and pores size, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to EDS (energy dispersive X-ray system) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy FTIR). Preliminary tests were performed to assess the carbon efficiency as cooper (II) removing in synthetic solution of 50 mg L-1 initial concentration. As the results were satisfactory to CA1, CA2 and CA3 (93,43, 97,23 and 96,92 % to those carbons), decided by what had higher removing percentage of. The CA2 was produced and characterized as: the real and apparent densities, porosity in fixed bed, pH, moisture (wet basis), ashes, fixed carbon and functional groups by Boehm method. There were preformed tests to determine the cooper (II) efficiency removing concerning the carbon particle diameter influence, pH of the solution, contact time influence and variation of the initial concentration. The results of higher removing percentage were to diameter 0,595≤D≤1,19 mm, pH 5,09, in time of 5 min and concentrations of 50, 100 e 150 mg L-1. The adsorption kinetic study that best fit according to data was pseudo-second order model. The experimental data that presented good fit according to mathematical models of Langmuir and Frendlich isotherm. In this sense, was obtained activated carbon at a low cost from the Brazil nut bark which one showed a good efficiency in cooper (II) removing process and also allowing the using in the effluents treatment.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Simulação computacional da adsorção dos poluentes benzeno, tolueno e p-xileno sobre carvão ativado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-27) COSTA, Wanessa Almeida da; MARTELLI, Marlice Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213009262936026; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219The greatest problems of groundwater and soil contamination are assigned to monoaromatic hydrocarbons which are the most soluble and the most mobile constituents of the fraction of certain substances, such as gasoline. To remove these contaminants, adsorption by activated carbon is the most widely used method, for it presents a significant ability to adsorb organic low molecular weight components, such as benzene, toluene and p-xylene. In this work, we verified the adsorption on activated carbon thereof via computer simulation. As base, we used the postulated model of charcoal prepared by Bourke et al. (2007). Several steps have been completed since the design of the structures of carbon and pollutants to the molecular dynamics phase. For the conformational analysis of the coal’s structure, it was used the semi-empirical method PM3 and for the molecular dynamics technique, the AMBER force field FF99SB. The structure went through a heating at constant pressure until it reaches a final temperature of 298K (25ºC), being its information collected every 50 ps. Subsequently, the structure was submited to equilibrium system at a constant temperature of 298K (25ºC) for 500ps for its information can be analyzed. Finally, the system was then submited to molecular dynamics during 30ns. After analyzing the results, it was found that the ether, lactone and carbonyl (ketone) groups present in the structure of activated carbon provide to it acid feature and because of this and its consequent negative surface charge, adsorption has become viable once the pollutants had positive surface charge, which supports the view that is already known about this type of phenomenon.