Artigos Científicos - NMT

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Analysis of polymorphisms in the interleukin 18 gene promotor (-137 g/c and -607 c/a) in patients infected with hepatitis c virus from the brazilian amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09) SANTOS, Kemper Nunes dos; ALMEIDA, Marcella Kelly Costa de; FECURY, Amanda Alves; COSTA, Carlos Araújo da; MARTINS, Luisa Caricio
Background - The hepatitis C virus has been recognized as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the world. Host genetic factors have been implicated in the persistence of hepatitis C virus infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -607 C/A (rs1946518) and -137 G/C (rs187238) in the IL-18 gene promoter have been suggested to be associated with delayed hepatitis C virus clearance and persistence of the disease. Objective - Identify these polymorphisms in a population infected with hepatitis C virus from the Brazilian Amazon region. Methods - In a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Belém, Pará, Brazil, 304 patients infected with hepatitis C virus were divided into two groups: group A, patients with persistent infection; group B, patients with spontaneous clearance. The control group consisted of 376 volunteers not infected with hepatitis C virus. Samples were analyzed by RT-PCR for the detection of viral RNA and by RFLP-PCR to evaluate the presence of the -137 G/C and -607 C/A IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms. Results - Comparison of polymorphism allele frequencies between the patient and control groups showed a higher frequency of allele C at position -607 among patients (P=0.02). When the association between the polymorphisms and viral infection was analyzed, patients carrying genotype C/A at position -607 were found to be at higher risk of persistent hepatitis C virus infection (P=0.03). Conclusion - the present results suggest a possible role of the -607 IL-18 gene promoter polymorphism in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection.
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Avaliação da contaminação mercurial mediante análise do teor de Hg total em amostras de cabelo em comunidades ribeirinhas do Tapajós, Pará, Brasil
(2000-04) PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; GUIMARÃES, Geraldo de Assis; NAKANISHI, Junko; OIKAWA, Teiichi; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; QUARESMA, Manoel; CARDOSO, Bernardo da Silva; AMORAS, Walter Wanderley
This study evaluates human exposure to methylmercury in fishermen and their families in four villages on the Tapajós river: Rainha, Barreiras, São Luís do Tapajós and Paraná-Mirim. Hair analyses were performed with atomic absorption spectophotometry. Total hair mercury levels varied between 2.9mg/g and 71.5mg/g. Paraná-Mirim showed the lowest level. The highest level was found in São Luís do Tapajós and Barreiras. The hair mercury was six to seven times higher than the established safe limit of 10mg/g. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean level of total mercury taken from the inhabitants living downstream and upstream in Itaituba village (p > 0.05). These results confirm that human exposure to methylmercury is occurring on the Tapajós river and suggest that continued fish ingestion in that region is a potential risk factor for the appearance of symptoms and signs of Minamata disease. An immediate epidemiological survey program is recommended.
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Canine visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Amazonian Brazil: comparison of the parasite density from the skin, lymph node and visceral tissues between symptomatic and asymptomatic, seropositive dogs
(2010-10) LIMA, Luciana Vieira Rego; CARNEIRO, Liliane Almeida; CAMPOS, Marliane Batista; CHAGAS, Eujênia Janis; LAURENTI, Márcia Dalastra; CORBETT, Carlos Eduardo Pereira; LAINSON, Ralph; SILVEIRA, Fernando Tobias
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is recognizable by characteristic signs of disease and is highly lethal. The infection, however, may be quite inapparent in some seropositive dogs, and this has raised the polemic question as to whether or not such animals can be a source of infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). In this study we have examined 51 dogs with acute CVL from an AVL area in Pará State, northern Brazil, and compared the parasite density, amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, in the skin, lymph node and viscera of symptomatic with that of nine asymptomatic but seropositive dogs (IFAT-IgG). Post-mortem biopsy fragments of these tissues were processed by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody against Leishmania sp. The X2 and Mann Whitney tests were used to evaluate the means of infected macrophage density (p < 0.05). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the skin (10.7/mm2 x 15.5/mm2) and lymph node (6.3/mm2 x 8.3/mm2), between asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively. It was higher (p < 0.05), however, in the viscera of symptomatic (5.3/mm2) than it was in asymptomatic (1.4/mm2) dogs. These results strongly suggest that asymptomatic or symptomatic L. (L.) i. chagasi-infected dogs can serve as a source of infection, principally considering the highest (p < 0.05) parasite density from skin (10.7/mm2 x 15.5/mm2), the place where the vetor L. longipalpis takes its blood meal, compared with those from lymph node (6.3/mm2 x 8.3/mm2) and viscera (1.4/mm2x 5.3/mm2).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Clinical, epidemiological and mycological report on 65 patients from the Eastern Amazon region with chromoblastomycosis
(2012-08) PIRES, Carla Andréa Avelar; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões; MACEDO, Geraldo Mariano Moraes de; SOUSA, Bruna Ranyelle de Marinho; BRITO, Arival Cardoso de
BACKGROUND: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by fungi from the Dematiaceae family. According to several studies, Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the most common of these fungi. The infection is more common in tropical countries, with the Brazilian state of Pará having one of the largest infected populations worldwide. The disease is difficult to treat and recurrences are common. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological and mycological aspects of cases of chromoblastomycosis and its clinical forms in the state of Pará, Brazil. METHODS: Mycological exams (direct mycological examinations, culture and microculture) were performed and a clinical/epidemiological evaluation was made of 65 patients receiving care at the Dermatology Department of the Federal University of Pará between 2000 and 2007. The clinical classification proposed by Carrión in 1950 was used in this study. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were male (93.8%), agricultural workers (89.2%) of 45 to 55 years of age, and the majority of lesions (55.4%) were of the verrucous type, located principally on the lower limbs (81.5%). In the majority of the cases investigated (61.5%), the infection had been present for a long time, with a mean duration of 11 years. Direct mycological examination was performed in 86.2% of the patients (n=56). Of these, 96.4% (n=54) tested positive. Culture and microculture were performed in vitro in 47 cases of those that tested positive at direct microscopy, results showing Fonsecaea pedrosoi to be the only agent present in this sample. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the extent to which chromoblastomycosis still affects the quality of life of the local population, principally individuals working in agriculture. This is a chronic disease for which there is no effective treatment. The importance of continuing to investigate this disease should be emphasized, as further studies may lead to new clinical or epidemiological findings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparative study of human exposure to mercury in riverside communities in the Amazon region
(2006-03) PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; OIKAWA, Teiichi; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; GOMES, M S V; GUIMARÃES, Geraldo de Assis; CRESPO LÓPEZ, Maria Elena; MÜLLER, Regina Celi Sarkis; AMORAS, Walter Wanderley; RIBEIRO, Danielle Regina Gomes; RODRIGUES, Anderson Raiol; CÔRTES, Maria Izabel Tentes; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima
Four populations in the Amazon area were selected for a comparative study of mercury-exposed and non-exposed populations: São Luiz do Tapajós, Barreiras, Panacauera, and Pindobal Grande. The highest mercury levels in human hair samples were found in São Luiz do Tapajós and Barreiras, greatly exceeding the limits established by the World Health Organization. Panacauera showed an intermediate level below 9 µg/g. This was the first comparative and simultaneous evaluation of mercury exposure in the Amazon area. Also, thanks to this type of monitoring, we were able to eliminate the uncertainties about the reference dose. On the basis of these data, we can conclude that the mercury levels detected in exposed populations of the Tapajós River basin may be dangerous not only because they are above the World Health Organization limits, but also because the simultaneous mercury detection in non-exposed populations with similar characteristics provided a valid control and revealed lower mercury levels. Our results support the importance of continuous monitoring in both exposed and non-exposed populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comparison of molecular markers to detect Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum
(2014-07) LIDANI, Kárita Cláudia Freitas; REASON, Iara José de Messias; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui
The aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis captured in Barcarena, state of Pará, Brazil, through the use of three primer sets. With this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. DNA of 280 Lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. PCR primers for kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of Leishmania were used, generating fragments of 400 bp, 780 bp and 603 bp, respectively. Infection by the parasite was found with the kDNA primer in 8.6% of the cases, with the mini-exon gene primer in 7.1% of the cases and with the SSU-rRNA gene primer in 5.3% of the cases. These data show the importance of polymerase chain reaction as a tool for investigating the molecular epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis by estimating the risk of disease transmission in endemic areas, with the kDNA primer representing the most reliable marker for the parasite.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribution of phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern Brazil
(2011-12) OLIVEIRA, Davi Marcos Souza de; HABIB, Elvira Maria Saraiva Chequer Bou; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; SOUSA, Adelson Alcimar Almeida de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; SILVA, Ivoneide Maria da
The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. The CDC traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. A total of 5,089 sandflies were collected and 11 species were identified. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (rate of 95.15%), which suggests its participation in the transmission of VL. A total of 1,451 Lu. longipalpis females were dissected and no Leishmania infections were detected. Most of the sandflies were captured at the border of a forest (88.25%) and no flies were captured in the urban area, which suggests that transmission is still restricted to rural sites. However, the fact that a specimen was collected in an intermediate area indicates that urbanisation is a real possibility and that vector monitoring is important.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da eficácia e tolerância do artesunato oral isolado e em associação com mefloquina, no tratamento da malária falciparum não complicada em área endêmica do Pará, Brasil
(1996-06) CARDOSO, Bernardo da Silva; DOURADO, Heitor Vieira; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; CRESCENTE, Jose Angelo Barletta; AMORAS, Walter Wanderley; BAENA, Jorge; SARATY, Sandra
With the objective to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of artesunate in the treatment of non-complicatedfalciparum malaria in endemic area of the State of Pará, 153 patients were randomized and studied in three groups, distributed by therapeutical scheme (I received mefloquine lOOOmg, II used artesunate 600mg followed by mefloquine 500mg). Evaluation was made by daily clinical and parasithological examination, in the first 7 days, and weekly until the 35th day of the follow up. Biochemical and hematological analysis previously done and on the 7th day, targetting cure control and identification of possible effects related to drugs administration. As to sex, parasitemy and fever, studied groups were homogeneous. Time for parasitemy disappearence was shorter in the groups II and III respectively, whose therapeutical schemes had artesunate. Fever disappereance was quicker in the group treated with the combination of drugs. Clinical and biochemical alterations associated with drugs administration did not show significant differences among the studied groups. Early disappearence of fever and parasitemy, and absence of important side effects suggest that artesunate, isolated or administrated in combination with mefloquine, constitutes an able therapeutical procedure to contribute for disease control in that region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exposição humana ao metilmercúrio em comunidades ribeirinhas da Região do Tapajós, Pará, Brasil
(2000-06) PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; NAKANISHI, Junko; OIKAWA, Teiichi; GUIMARÃES, Geraldo de Assis; QUARESMA, Manoel; CARDOSO, Bernardo da Silva; AMORAS, Walter Wanderley; HARADA, Masazume; MAGNO, Carlos; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; BACELAR, Maria Denise Ribeiro
Evaluation of total human exposure to mercury and methylmercury was effected in riverine villages along the Tapajos river and in the metropolitan area of Belem city, state of Para, Brazil, by using total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in hair samples in 1994 and 1995. It was observed that average concentrations of total mercury are in a range from 2 ± 1µg/g-1 to 20.5 ± 12.1µg/g-1. While methylmercury average concentration varies from 1.4 ± 0.7µg/g-1 to 18.5 ± 11µg/g-1. These results confirm mercury contamination in the Tapajos river and possible appearance of mercury intoxication symptoms, and recommends the monitoring of compounds in hair samples as well as the need for epidemiological and clinical studies for human health prevention and control of mercury intoxication.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fauna anofélica da cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil: dados atuais e retrospectivos
(2006-08) SILVA, Ana de Nazaré Martins da; FRAIHA NETO, Habib; SANTOS, Carla Christiani Bastos dos; SEGURA, Maria de Nazaré de Oliveira; AMARAL, Jane Cristina de Oliveira Faria; GORAYEB, Inocêncio de Souza; LACERDA, Raimundo Nonato da Luz; SUCUPIRA, Izis Mônica Carvalho; PIMENTEL, Leôncio Nazaré; CONN, Jan E.; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins
We present the results of anopheline captures in Belém, Pará, Brazil, from 1995-2004, and a comparison with captures from 1930-1999. In the earlier period, 20 species were identified: Anopheles albitarsis s.l., An. aquasalis, An. argyritarsis, An. braziliensis, An. darlingi, An. eiseni, An. evansae, An. galvaoi, An. intermedius, An. kompi, An. mediopunctatus, An. nimbus, An. nuneztovari, An. oswaldoi, An. peryassui, An. punctimacula, An. shannoni, An. strodei, An. thomasi, and An. triannulatus. Seven of these species were not found in 1995-2004 (An. argyritarsis, An. eiseni, An. galvaoi, An. kompi, An. nimbus, An. punctimacula, and An. thomasi). The persistence of so many species is probably due to the local preservation of forest areas. Two species are of vectorial importance (An. darlingi and An. aquasalis). An. aquasalis is still the most abundant species (46.26% of adults, 99.21% of larvae) and the only one detected in all capture sites. There is thus a potential risk of malaria transmission in the entire municipality of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Further observations on clinical, histopathological, and immunological features of borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
(2005-08) SILVEIRA, Fernando Tobias; LAINSON, Ralph; CORBETT, Carlos Eduardo Pereira
Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis has for some time been considered as the causative agent of two distinct forms of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL): localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), and anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL). Recently, a new intermediate form of disease, borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (BDCL), was introduced into the clinical spectrum of ACL caused by this parasite, and in this paper we record the clinical, histopathological, and immunological features of eight more BDCL patients from Brazilian Amazonia, who acquired the disease in the Pará state, North Brazil. Seven of them had infections of one to two years' evolution and presented with primary skin lesions and the occurrence of metastases at periods varying from six to 12 months following appearance of the first lesion. Primary skin lesions ranged from 1-3 in number, and all had the aspect of an erythematous, infiltrated plaque, variously located on the head, arms or legs. There was lymphatic dissemination of infection, with lymph node enlargement in seven of the cases, and the delayed hypersensitivity skin-test (DTH) was negative in all eight patients prior to their treatment. After that, there was a conversion of DTH to positive in five cases re-examined. The major histopathological feature was a dermal mononuclear infiltration, with a predominance of heavily parasitized and vacuolated macrophages, together with lymphocytes and plasma cells. In one case, with similar histopathology, the patient had acquired his infection seven years previously and he presented with the largest number of disseminated cutaneous lesions. BDCL shows clinical and histopathological features which are different from those of both LCL and ADCL, and there is a good prognosis of cure which is generally not so in the case of frank ADCL.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manifestações neurológicas em ribeirinhos de áreas expostas ao mercúrio na Amazônia brasileira
(2013-11) KHOURY, Eliana Dirce Torres; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima; COSTA, Carlos Araújo da; ARAUJO, Amelia Ayako Kamogari de; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento
This study evaluated current levels of mercury exposure and sensory symptoms in adults from three riverine communities in Pará State, Brazil, two of which located in the Tapajós River basin and one in the Tocantins basin. Participants in this study included 78 residents in Barreiras (Tapajós), 30 in São Luiz do Tapajós (Tapajós), and 49 in Furo do Maracujá (Tocantins). Total hair mercury concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and neurological evaluation was conducted by routine examination. Mercury concentrations in the Tapajós communities were higher than those in the Tocantins (p < 0.01). Evaluation of neurological changes showed no significant difference between the communities in exposed areas and control areas for the changes observed by conventional neurological examination, except for gait deviation (p < 0.05). The study concludes that despite the mercury exposure levels, there was a low frequency of sensory alterations according to conventional neurological testing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mercury toxicity in the Amazon: contrast sensitivity and color discrimination of subjects exposed to mercury
(2007-03) RODRIGUES, Anderson Raiol; SOUZA, Cleidson Ronald Botelho de; BRAGA, Alexandre Melo; RODRIGUES, Paulo Sergio Silva; SILVEIRA, Antonio Tobias; DAMIN, Enira Teresinha Braghirolli; CÔRTES, Maria Izabel Tentes; CASTRO, Antonio José de Oliveira; MELLO, Guilherme Arantes; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; PINHEIRO, Maria da Conceição Nascimento; VENTURA, Dora Selma Fix; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima
We measured visual performance in achromatic and chromatic spatial tasks of mercury-exposed subjects and compared the results with norms obtained from healthy individuals of similar age. Data were obtained for a group of 28 mercury-exposed subjects, comprising 20 Amazonian gold miners, 2 inhabitants of Amazonian riverside communities, and 6 laboratory technicians, who asked for medical care. Statistical norms were generated by testing healthy control subjects divided into three age groups. The performance of a substantial proportion of the mercury-exposed subjects was below the norms in all of these tasks. Eleven of 20 subjects (55%) performed below the norms in the achromatic contrast sensitivity task. The mercury-exposed subjects also had lower red-green contrast sensitivity deficits at all tested spatial frequencies (9/11 subjects; 81%). Three gold miners and 1 riverine (4/19 subjects, 21%) performed worse than normal subjects making more mistakes in the color arrangement test. Five of 10 subjects tested (50%), comprising 2 gold miners, 2 technicians, and 1 riverine, performed worse than normal in the color discrimination test, having areas of one or more MacAdam ellipse larger than normal subjects and high color discrimination thresholds at least in one color locus. These data indicate that psychophysical assessment can be used to quantify the degree of visual impairment of mercury-exposed subjects. They also suggest that some spatial tests such as the measurement of red-green chromatic contrast are sufficiently sensitive to detect visual dysfunction caused by mercury toxicity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Papilomavírus humano associado a lesões de cérvice uterina
(1999-06) CAVALCANTE, Vânia Lúcia Noronha; MELLO, Wyller Alencar de; VILLA, Luísa Lina; BRITO, Arival Cardoso de; MACEDO, Roberto Cavalleiro de; BISI, Fátima; SASSAMOTO, Kyio; MONTEIRO, Talita Antonia Furtado; LINHARES, Alexandre da Costa
It was studied the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) among 228 women with lesions of uterine cervix attending the Ofir Loiola Institute, in Belem, Para, from March 1992 to May 1996. Histopathological examination was performed with all cervical biopsy samples obtained from these patients. In addition, specimens were analysed by both polimerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization to detect HPV DNA. The patients were assigned to three groups, according to the diagnosis made by histopathology, as follows: A, including 155 women suffering from invasive epidermoid carcinoma or adenocarcinoma; B, 54 patients having either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II or III; and C, involving 19 women with chronic cervicitis. The prevalence rates of HPV in groups A, B and C were 70.3%, 63% and 36.8% respectively. HPV 16 accounted for 60.4% and 54.5% of types identified in groups A and B, respectively. Altogether HPV types 16, 18 and 33 were detected in 71.4% of positive patients belonging to group C.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis C virus in blood donors in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil
(2010-02) OLIVEIRA FILHO, Aldemir Branco de; PIMENTA, Adriana do Socorro Coelho; ROJAS, Márcia de Fátima Maciel de; CHAGAS, Márcia Cristina Munhoz; CRESCENTE, Jose Angelo Barletta; CRESPO, Deborah Maia; LEMOS, José Alexandre Rodrigues de
Given the scarcity of epidemiological information on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Northern Brazil, we determined the prevalence and genotypic frequency in blood donors in the state of Pará (PA). Blood samples from all of the blood donors at the Fundação HEMOPA (blood bank of PA) from 2004-2006 were screened for the presence of antibodies to anti-HCV and samples seroreactive to anti-HCV were further tested for HCV RNA using real-time PCR. In total, 116 HCV-RNA samples were genotyped, based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses, using BioEdit, Modelgenerator, PHYML and FigTree software. The population consisted of 242,726 volunteers who donated blood from 2004-2006; the most common subgroup was males between the ages of 18-29 years old (37.30%). Within the whole group, 1,112 blood donors (0.46%) had indeterminate or positive serology; among these, 28.78% were males whose ages ranged from 18-29 years. A diagnosis of chronic HCV infection was confirmed for 304 donors (60.20% males; 66.45% were 30-49 years old), resulting in a prevalence of HCV RNA in 0.13% of the samples (304 of 242,726). HCV genotyping revealed a high frequency of genotype 1 (108/116) followed by genotype 3 (8/116). This study found HCV infection to be relatively infrequent in PA; genotype 1 was most commonly isolated. This information can help guide prevention and control policies aimed at efficient diagnosis and control measures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência de infecção genital pelo HPV em populações urbana e rural da Amazônia Oriental Brasileira
(2011-04) PINTO, Denise da Silva; FUZII, Hellen Thais; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões
This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for genital infection with HPV in women from rural and urban areas in two different regions of the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey was performed in Pap screening programs, with a total sample of 444 women (233 urban and 211 rural). Uterine cervical swabs were collected for the detection of HPV DNA with the established PCR assay using MY09-MY11. All volunteers answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with HPV infection. Overall prevalence of HPV infection was 14.6% (15% in urban women and 14.2% in rural). The only factor associated with HPV was marital status in the 13-25-year-old rural population, with higher HPV prevalence among single and divorced women and widows. The findings indicate the need for risk factor control strategies targeted specifically to women in rural and urban areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência dos marcadores sorológicos dos vírus das hepatites B e D na área indígena Apyterewa, do grupo Parakanã, Pará, Brasil
(2007-11) NUNES, Heloisa Marceliano; MONTEIRO, Maria Rita de Cássia Costa; SOARES, Manoel do Carmo Pereira
In order to study the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and D (HDV) viruses in the Parakanã Indians and to evaluate the impact of hepatitis B vaccination beginning there in 1995, 258 serum samples were analyzed in the year 2004 for hepatitis B and D serological markers using immunoenzymatic techniques; the results showed a moderate endemic pattern, with a total prevalence of HBV infection of 55.7% and 5.4% of virus carriers in the Apyterewa village and 49.5% with 1.1% of HBV carriers in the Xingu village; 31.4% of anti-HBs+ as an isolated marker in both villages and no detection of positive serological tests for HDV among HBV carriers. The laboratory analysis thus showed the presence of chronic HBV carriers, absence of HDV carriers, and an emerging vaccine profile among susceptibles, confirming the effectiveness and need to maintain vaccination, especially in the first year of life, and the need to implement effective epidemiological surveillance for early detection of HDV infection among HBV carriers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Susceptibility of Anopheles aquasalis and An. darlingi to Plasmodium vivax VK210 and VK247
(2006-08) SILVA, Ana de Nazaré Martins da; SANTOS, Carla Christiani Bastos dos; LACERDA, Raimundo Nonato da Luz; MACHADO, Ricardo Luiz Dantas; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins
The susceptibility of Anopheles aquasalis (F3 generation) and An. darlingi (F1 generation) to Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes from a limited number of blood samples of malaria patients in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil, was examined. A polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the P. vivax phenotypes in blood samples and the blood-fed infected mosquitoes were dissected and tested by ELISA. In all patient infections, more infected An. aquasalis and An. darlingi were positive for VK210 compared with VK247.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Susceptibility of Cebus apella monkey (Primates: Cebidae) to experimental Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection
(2011-02) CARNEIRO, Liliane Almeida; SILVEIRA, Fernando Tobias; CAMPOS, Marliane Batista; BRÍGIDO, Maria do Carmo de Oliveira; CORBETT, Carlos Eduardo Pereira; LAURENTI, Márcia Dalastra
In Amazonian Brazil, the Cebus apella monkey (Primates: Cebidae) has been associated with the enzootic cycle of Leishmania (V.) shawi, a dermotropic parasite causing American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). It has also been successfully used as animal model for studying cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this work, there has been investigated its susceptibility to experimental Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiologic agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). There were used ten C. apella specimens, eight adult and two young, four males and six females, all born and raised in captivity. Two experimental infection protocols were performed: i) six monkeys were inoculated, intra-dermal via (ID), into the base of the tail with 2 x 106 promastigotes forms from the stationary phase culture medium; ii) other four monkeys were inoculated with 3 x 107 amastigotes forms from the visceral infection of infected hamsters by two different via: a) two by intravenous via (IV) and, b) other two by intra-peritoneal via (IP). The parameters of infection evaluation included: a) clinical: physical exam of abdomen, weigh and body temperature; b) parasitological: needle aspiration of the bone-marrow for searching of amastigotes (Giemsa-stained smears) and promastigotes forms (culture medium); c) immunological: Indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and, Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). In the six monkeys ID inoculated (promastigotes forms) all parameters of infection evaluation were negative during the 12 months period of follow-up. Among the four monkeys inoculated with amastigotes forms, two IV inoculated showed the parasite in the bone-marrow from the first toward to the sixth month p.i. and following that they cleared the infection, whereas the other two IP inoculated were totally negative. These four monkeys showed specific IgG-antibody response since the third month p.i. (IP: 1/80 and IV: 1/320 IgG) toward to the 12th month (IP: 1/160 and IV: 1/5120). The DTH-conversion occurred in only one IV inoculated monkey with a strong (30 mm) skin reaction. Considering these results, we do not encourage the use of C. apella monkey as animal model for studying the AVL.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to Ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection
(2012-04) CARNEIRO, Liliane Almeida; LAURENTI, Márcia Dalastra; CAMPOS, Marliane Batista; GOMES, Claudia Maria de Castro; CORBETT, Carlos Eduardo Pereira; SILVEIRA, Fernando Tobias
This study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (PM) from the Neotropical primates: Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Saimiri sciureus, Aotus azarae infulatus and Callimico goeldii to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying AVL. The PM-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the PM-infection index (PMI) at 24, 72 h and by the mean of these rates (FPMI), as well as by the TNF-α, IL-12 (Capture ELISA) and Nitric oxide (NO) responses (Griess method). At 24h, the PMI of A. azarae infulatus (128) was higher than those of C. penicillata (83), C. goeldii (78), S. sciureus (77) and C. jacchus (55). At 72h, there was a significant PMI decrease in four monkeys: A. azarae infulatus (128/37), C. penicillata (83/38), S. sciureus (77/38) and C. jacchus (55/12), with exception of C. goeldii (78/54). The FPMI of A. azarae infulatus (82.5) and C. goeldii (66) were higher than C. jacchus (33.5), but not higher than those of C. penicillata (60.5) and S. sciureus (57.5). The TNF-a response was more regular in those four primates which decreased their PMI at 24/72 h: C. jacchus (145/122 pg/mL), C. penicillata (154/130 pg/mL), S. sciureus (164/104 pg/mL) and A. azarae infulatus (154/104 pg/mL), with exception of C. goeldii (38/83 pg/mL). The IL-12 response was mainly prominent in A. infulatus and C. goeldii which presented the highest FPMI and, the NO response was higher in C. goeldii, mainly at 72 h. These findings strongly suggest that these New World primates have developed a resistant innate immune response mechanism capable of controlling the macrophage intracellular growth of L. (L.) i. chagasi-infection, which do not encourage their use as animal model for studying AVL.