Navegando por Assunto "18th century"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Empório dos gêneros do sertão e do comércio”: elite proprietária e trabalho indígena no Baixo Amazonas em finais do século XVIII e início do XIX (1780-1810)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-19) MCDANIEL, Alice Maria Teixeira; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
This dissertation aims to investigate the economic and strategic importance of the Baixo Amazonas, a region belonging to the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro, specifically in the Captaincy of Pará, through the analysis of the landowning elite and indigenous labor, between the years of 1780 and 1810. The research focuses on the formation of a colonial “elite” that emerged in the Lower Amazon from the mid-18th century, strengthened by the rise of Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo and the Pombaline reforms. These reforms, along with the regulation of indigenous labor through the “Diretório dos Índios” (Indian Directorate), reconfigured policies regarding the use of indigenous labor, which had a significant impact on the collection of the “drogas do sertão” (hinterland drugs) and agriculture. Through the analysis of period documents, the dissertation seeks to highlight the participation of these two groups and their contribution to the economy of the “drogas do sertão” and to the agriculture of the Lower Amazon region at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Na “pátria das sublevações”: descontentamento e revoltas da gente de guerra no Rio Negro (1754-1777)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-26) SILVA, Leonardo Augusto Ramos; VIANA, Wania Alexandrino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3899154572393491; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-3995; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
The present dissertation turns to the study of the process of militarization of rio Negro, in São José do Rio Negro’s captaincy during the reign of D. José I (1751-1777). It is therefore about the problems within the factors and manifestations of discontentment from soldiers (and sometimes for others praças) that composed the paid troops detached into trimmings along the river Negro. From 1754, the process of militarization of this river got notoriously, face to the occupation, defense e demarcation of borders between the State of Grão-Pará e Maranhão (later called Grão-Pará e Rio Negro) and the vice reign of Nova Granada. As a result of this geopolitical context, keep and provide military corps in areas of trimmings became necessary, and by the same time, a challenge to Portuguese Crown, implying significantly into daily activities of paid troops; on the other way the soldiers manifested their unsatisfaction with the crises happening at the time by means of riots; the articulation between these two aspects from the process of militarization of river Negro is an attempt to comprehend the multiples intersections between and the colonial amazonic society. It’s necessary to say that along with desertions and lootings, the revolt from “people of war” became one of the principals and more recurrent manifestation of dissatisfaction from “people of war” in the garrison of captaincy of Rio Negro in the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão (later to be called Grão-Pará and Rio Negro) and from the metropole.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pelos campos, matas, ilhas, sertões, rios e baías: a espacialidade das povoações do Diretório dos Índios e as dinâmicas territoriais na capitania do Maranhão (1757-1774)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-13) SILVA, Felipe William dos Santos; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
This dissertation focuses on discussing the spatial dynamics in the Captaincy of Maranhão through experiences of foundations of Indian Villages and Places which was a policy resulting from the Directorate, implemented in the Captaincy in 1757. The reuse of the ecclesiastical network for the implementation of new Colonial nuclei iniciated another moment in territorial organization in the trail of Villages and Places followed by both sides of the border of Maranhão Captaincy: to the West with the Turiaçu river and to the East with Parnaíba river. Thus, the perspective is advocated that Maranhão found an ambiguous position regarding its geographical situation between the years 1757 and 1774. At the same time as Maranhão belonged jurisdictionally to the Captaincy of Grão-Pará it also constituted a passage to Piauí, this representing a path to the State of Brazil through the backlands. Together with the islands, bays, backlands, forests and fields, which equally constituted territorial nodes, the Villages and Places constituted vectors of colonial expansion towards the backlands of Piauí, achieving connections not only with the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, but also with the State of Brazil. Therefore, the central hypothesis of this research consists of showing that the spatial logics, having the Villages and Places as irradiation poles resulted from the historical experiences lived in the daily routine of the nuclei themselves in which indigenous people, directors, military personnel and colonial administrators were engendered with territorial dynamics revealing a factor of conflict that allows diverse interests to be revealed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quando a aldeia se torna vila: o processo de secularização da Missão de Trocano no baixo rio Madeira (1730-1790)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-17) FONSECA, Marcela Gomes; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481
This dissertation aims to analyze the process of secularization of the missionary village of Trocano, located on the lower Madeira River, elevated to the category of Vila (township) under the name of Borba, the new, on January 1, 1756, by the enlightened and anti-Jesuit policy of the then Secretary for Inner Affairs of the Kingdom, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the future Marquis of Pombal. Considered the first missionary village in the backlands of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão to be elevated to the category of civil village by the Pombaline policy, Trocano was located in a strategic region. First, because it is on an internal frontier route between the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão and the Captaincy of Mato Grosso, and external one, between the Spanish and Portuguese domains in South America. And second, because it is on a hydrographic route to a hinterland promising in minerals, spices and indigenous labor. It is believed that the pioneer secularization of the village of Trocano, which was visites in person by the then Governor of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, brother of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, confirms the hypothesis here defended, that the missionary villages located in border regions were priorities in the implementation of the Pombal policy for the Amazon valley.