Navegando por Assunto "ARQUEOLOGIA"

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Arquitetura disciplinar na Amazônia: o Educandário Dr. Nogueira de Faria – Ilha de Cotijuba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-13) SEABRA, Amanda Carolina de Sousa; COSTA, Diogo Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3938588690473816; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-8232
For more than 30 years, the island of Cotijuba (Belém - PA) has housed three different institutions (reformatory colony, school and prison) that had as their purpose the education and recovery of the individual to live in society. The architecture of this place is great and it draws attention whenever you arrive at this island. This research makes an initial historical survey of what contexts and motives this school was created in the early 1930s and what led to its closure in the late 1970s. From this, it seeks to understand how the architecture of all this construction was used as another form of control of the inmates and, also, to understand how the discipline materialized and was perpetuated for years in this architecture. To do this, we use the architecture archeology approach to reach the objectives, based on three methodologies in this area: spatial, gamma and alpha analysis. With this, it is possible to answer the main question, which is: how did the discipline materialize in the architecture of the educational Dr. Nogueira de Faria?
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Atividade física dos Paleoamericanos de Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais: análise das propriedades geométricas da secção transversal de ossos longos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-07) DIAS, Bárbara Vieira; GLÓRIA, Pedro José Tótora da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111647253588398; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7826
The Lagoa Santa region has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world since the 19th century, especially regarding its extensive osteological collection. Since the research carried out by Peter Lund, the interest in aspects such as the health and lifestyle of the Lagoa Santa groups has been growing, resulting in analyses that have contributed to understanding the lives of some of the oldest Paleoamericans in South America. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cross-sectional properties of the femur and humerus of a skeletal sample of Paleoamericans from Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, and, from this analysis, infer the levels of physical activity of these hunter-gatherers. In total, the Lagoa Santa sample consists of 52 femurs and 44 humeri, all belonging to adult individuals. Computed tomography was used to obtain images of the internal structure of the bones, without causing any damage to the bones. The analyses were performed using the ImageJ program and generated data regarding the variables TA, CA, Ix, Iy, Imax, Imin, Zx, Zy, Zp and J. In addition, groups of hunter-gatherers and farmers from 11 world regions were selected to compose a comparative sample. The results demonstrated that Lagoa Santa presents a high activity of the lower limbs, similar to other hunter-gatherers, with the results for the upper limb decreasing high asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. Therefore, the physical activity patterns observed in Lagoa Santa are aligned with those of hunter-gatherers and show bone adaptations that reflect a physically active life, while the use of the upper limbs suggests a difference in the activities performed by male and female groups.
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Ecos de um Theatro Assombrado : um estudo de caso sobre as relações entre materialidade, visagens e o Theatro da Paz, Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) BARBOSA, Gabriel Rodrigues; MATOS, Beatriz de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5130782589745088
This dissertation, structured in three acts, explores the relationships between materiality and visages in the amazonian imaginary. It delves into the topic through the case study of the narratives shared by the workers of the Theatro da Paz, located in Praça da República, Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Act I: Amazonian Visages aims to conceptualize the word Visage throughout a discussion about the territorialization of the environment into the imaginary, which influences the spatial and social distances observed between Saints, Visages and Enchanted. Those distances are themselves intertwined with the social-spatial categories of Center, Margin and Deep. The Act II: Theaters focuses on the History of Theatro da Paz to explore the social role that theaters played in Amazonian colonization strategies and the economical, social, and environmental changes incurred in Belém throughout the second half of the XIX century. Those factors are partially responsible for the physical traits currently embodied by the Theatro da Paz. Finally, Act III: Senses and Things brings together these discussions to answers questions about the role visages have between the workers’ relationship with the Theatro da Paz; of impacts of physical characteristics and operational hours in the emergence of visages; the role of ordinary material things in narratives about visages; and how these aspects entangle themselves into mastery-type relationships that strengthen social bonds between all involved subjects.
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Entre cacos e flores: apropriações, usos e significados dos vestígios arqueológicos pelos moradores do sítio Macurany, Parintins, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-31) BIANCHEZZI, Clarice; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211
This research intended to comprehend the appropriations, uses and meaning given to the archaeological vestiges by people who lives nearby the archaeological sites located in Macurany community, Parintins, Amazon state. I present the narratives from Macurany´s people about the archaeological remains, their plurality of interactions with the Indigenous Dark Earth, the nut trees, landscape, along with the intangible – visages, haunted things, enchanted beings and other existences who can possess the body and spirit of local people and that in Macurany is also linked to the archaeological materiality. I highlight the challenges of archaeological heritage management in the Amazon, considering the archaeological domestic collections realities in Macurany and Parintins. The reflection that was brought aims at contributing to the archaeological patrimony management in the region and to better comprehend the relationships between the amazonian people and the traces from the ancestral occupations. The entanglement of agriculture cultivars, flowers and archaeological sherds, it was possible to recognize the affection and the sense of belonging of the people to their place and their traces; the things of the past and present in Macurany community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre o passado e o contemporâneo: o Mercedários UFPA e o fazer arqueológico e antropológico em uma capital amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) GONÇALVES, Ana Paula Claudino; COSTA, Diogo Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3938588690473816; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-8232
The research discusses the Mercedários building from the perspective of archaeology and urban anthropology in historic centers. Through interviews with the general public, residents near the building and visitors to the Mercedários UFPA, aspects of people's daily lives in this space in contemporary times are addressed, such as its interesting elements and its different uses, which influence the way it is read, and the fact that it is a super artifact, although it is often forgotten. Geophysical methodology was used for the archaeological investigation, followed by monitoring the works that took place in the space and analysis of the collected material, revealing traces of material culture hidden in the basement of the building, in order to generate new possibilities for studying the history of the city and its inhabitants. Currently, the building is one of the UFPA campuses, where the Undergraduate Course in Conservation and Restoration and the Postgraduate Program in Heritage Sciences operate. In the 17th century, it was founded as a convent of the Mercedarian Order, and from the end of the 18th century it began to function as the Belém Customs House, housing other institutions at the same time and later. Its almost 400 years tell us about the biography of this object and stories of people's interactions with the space today, in addition to the accident in a capital of the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O fazer arqueológico no trabalho de campo em um sítio na Campina, Centro Histórico de Belém – pessoas, paisagem e cultura material
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-13) GOMES, Raimundo Ney da Cruz; ALVES, Daiana Travassos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1052501030312328; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-3200
This thesis, presented in three articles, seeks to relate people, landscapes, and material culture, three important concepts to anthropology and archaeology. The junctions and disjunctions between the three objects, an opportunity to produce history, are brought out by archaeological work in the excavation of a mansion located in the historic Centre of Belém, in Pará, which was registered in this research as an archaeological site called Sesc Ver-o-Peso. The thesis defended here is that in the historic Centre of Belém, people, landscape and material culture carry out complex exchanges and intersections, which tell stories/histories. These histories can be written through archaeological and anthropological investigation in their interface with the problematization of cultural heritage. This thesis will form the articles that make up this final doctoral work.
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Identidade étnica, formas de enquadramento institucional, modos de fazer e práticas de uso dos ribeirinhos amazônidas: o caso do Assentamento Quilombola na Ilha de Campompema, Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-19) PEREIRA, Rosenildo da Costa; O`DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188X
This thesis text analyzes from an ethnographic approach how modes of knowledge are mobilized by domestic groups in the context of the territory of traditional communities in the Amazon. The locus where the research was developed is the quilombola settlement São João Batista, located in the city of Abaetetuba, State of Pará. From an ethnographic study, I describe technically how the ways of knowing how to make matapi and its respective use are mobilized by local residents, as well as, I bring to the debate the modes of knowledge of artisanal naval carpentry built in the dynamics of the territory under study. Trait as main objectives: Conduct an ethnographic research in the community, describing modes of knowledge transmitted and mobilized/used/built in relation to the occupied territory until the respective recognition of traditionally occupied lands, whose knowledge has been readjusted over the years; to analyze how the matapi manufacturing process takes place by the local riverside subjects from the anthropology of the technique, ethnographically describing the knowledge processes involved and production stages; make an analysis of the ways in which the matapi instrument is used by residents of the local territory, describing the whole process with the work of fishing with such equipment; and approach, in the same way, the knowledge of the local naval carpentry. The situational analysis points to a set of knowledge mobilized by residents within/in the referenced territory, above all and in a particular way, to artisanal naval carpentry and the making and use of the matapi trap, in a perspective of the anthropology of technique.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O papel dos estudos paleoetnobotânicos para a compreensão das relações humano-ambientais na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-14) GONÇALVES, José Antônio Bezerra; ALVES, Daiana Travassos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1052501030312328; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-3200
This research aimed to evaluate the contributions of paleotenobotanical research to the understanding of human-environmental relations in ancient Amazonia, through a Systematic Bibliographic Review of paleoethnobotanical data guided by the following questions: What is the incidence of paleoethnobotanical and archaeobotanical studies in archaeological research in the Amazon? How were human-environmental relations addressed in the studies found? And, were there traces of plants indicating human activities, such as palm trees? These questions that guide this work arise from problems seen in some of the results of the studies raised: there is still a reduced number of paleoethnobotanical/archaeobotanical studies compared to the archaeological scientific production in the Amazon, although they are growing and motivating new perspectives and questions; in addition, in the works that evidence human action in the Amazonian environment, some bring controversial and deterministic approaches that have generated great debates over time and research. The original societies modified the paleoenvironment in which they were inserted, even with its deterioration during the process of colonial and modern expansion with very harmful interventions and profound impacts, which contributed to the reduction of floristic variation. The methodology consisted of the (RBS “Roadmap”) Systematic Bibliographic Review. To this end, I used the theoretical-conceptual contribution of Historical Ecology, Long-Term Ecology and Long-Term Indigenous History, in addition to the anthropological/archaeological bibliography. From the reviewed archaeological studies, I brought theoretical and critical data and information, aiming to understand how these contributed to the discussions about human relations with the Amazonian environment and its transformations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Porto, água e vida: paisagem, sensorialidades e transformações de uma Zona Portuária Amazônica (Cidade Velha, Belém, Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-28) COSTA, Sabrina Campos; GODOY, Renata de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5173744417832044; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-8670
The Amazon region has a complex system of river sand waters. In the state capital of Pará, 14 river basins are connected by 85 channels. Residents of the riverside in Belém are considered urban waterfront residents, categorized as informal settlements in need of urban policies to acquire dignity and quality of life. In the city's management history, where 40% of residents live in lowland areas, their way of life is associatedwith crime, enduring environmental vulnerability, allegedly with no architectural significance or cultural value; in contrast, the State plans these places by the river for recreation, to tourism and contemplation consumptions. This research aims to demonstrate that the landscape is one significant way for human relationship with the world, as unraveling the study of the old portuary area of the Cidade Velha neighborhood, located around the Porto do Sal Market and Carmo Church, and its communities Beco do Carmo, Beiradão, Menino Jesus, Porto do Sal and Palmeira; memories and evidence of the Port Beiradão, Port São Jorge, Port of Sal, Port Paysandu, Port Vasconcelos, Port of Alan, Port Brilhante and Port Palmeira. Landscape that is built of manipulation sand transformations of the physical environment, through the experience of affection, memory and body experience, a personal and group identity that creates layers of archaeological record. The objective of this research was understanding forms of organization, adaptation and sociability in the old portuary area of the Cidade Velha, having as analytical focus the human material production and landscape transformations. The Port of Sal was registered as one of the oldest ports in Belém. Its history is linked to the colony's first shipyard, and its life to the interior products, factories and trades. Twice the Porto f Sal was intended to be Belém's main port, but it eventually declined with the opening of roads and over the years, over 1.000 families, with creativity and social technologies, became residents of the waterfront and the structures of its old ports, milestones of what I have called “beirabilidade”, which invite us to rethink its landscape, material culture, powers and intelligibilities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O potencial da cultura material na educação museal sobre formas de violência na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Nadison Gomes de; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211
The main objective of this work is to analyze and reflect on museum education possibilities through material culture on forms of violence for institutions in the Amazon region. In order to understand ways in which material culture can be used in Museum and/or Heritage Education activities aimed at social and political problems involving different forms of violence in the region, mainly against groups considered socially minority, involving ethnic-racial issues, of gender and sexualities. As goals to achieve this objective, I propose to understand the importance of material culture and the some possibilities in which they can become agents in educational practices in museums; map understandings of museums, museum education and violence in museums in the Amazon region, through reports by students of the Museology course at the Federal University of Pará and trained museologists who work or have worked in institutions in the region; and compare the reported practices with the notions of education present in heritage and museum charters, and also with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to understand whether these described actions, located in the Amazon region, are consistent with the guidelines aimed at maintaining of practices for the development of democracy and peace. With this, reflections on how memory and power are intrinsic elements of museums, proposals to educate about violence in a sensitive and engaged way through things and the possibility of thinking about an Amazonian Museology and a regional museum education arise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Riquezas da Terra: paisagens e ocupaçõesn Serra Leste de Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-05) SILVA, Tallyta Suenny Araujo da; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043X
This work investigated the human occupations and the changes in the landscape caused by them considering the long duration of this process of dwelling. To carry out the thesis presented here, three moments were chosen: (1) the occupation in cavities, specifically those occurred at CECAV-047: Tyto Alba and CECAV-079: Samambaia do Inferno; (2) the occupation of the open-air site: Serra Leste 1; and (3) the recent occupation of the Serra Pelada, mining that started in 1980, in the current city of Curionópolis. The recent occupation linked to the mineral exploitation has caused great transformations in the landscape, producing new records and affecting those left at other times. An integrated analysis of the different moments of dwelling in Serra Leste de Carajás aimed to highlight the importance of each occupation as forming new local landscape, modified according to the social relationships maintained by people with the spaces they dwelled and still dwell according to the exploration and use of “wealth from the earth".