Navegando por Assunto "Adaptabilidade (Psicologia)"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação do comportamento animal e mundos emergentes
(2001) DUBOIS, Michel Jean; LE PENDU, Yvonnick; GERARD, Jean François; SAMPAIO, Elineuza
We discuss the implications of the concept of adaptation, which is a key notion for the classical theory of evolution. Instead of persisting to consider the organisms as a collection of adapted traits, we propose to study evolution by means of a theoretical frame based on another ontology considering the organisms and the circumstances as totally integrated. The necessary preliminary stage for this reconsideration consists in passing from a prescriptive logic to a proscriptive logic, i.e., from the idea that everything that is not allowed is forbidden, to the idea that what is not forbidden is allowed. The consideration that the living systems specify the world in which they live can modify our way to face adaptive processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma medida de controle primário e secundário para idosos
(2013-09) KHOURY, Hilma Tereza Tôrres; GÜNTHER, Isolda de Araújo
This article presents a measure developed to evaluate the adaptive processes of primary and secondary controls in elderly persons. Primary control is defined as a strategy to modify the environment to attend to personal demands. Secondary control refers to efforts to fit in the environment. The participants were 315 elderly, between 60 and 92 years old, 33.3% males and 66.7% females. They were interviewed in their own homes. Using factor analysis, three independent factors were identified: Strive for Achievement with Own Resources (Primary Control), Adaptation Effort (Secondary Control) and Strive for Achievement with Help (Primary Control). Considering the paucity of instruments to evaluate these constructs, the measure should contribute to the advance of research as well as to services for elderly people.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de diferentes histórias experimentais sobre o comportamento de seguir regras em participantes classificados de flexíveis e inflexíveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SOUZA, Lívia Mello; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
The present study investigated wether the maintenance or not of the behavior of following discrepant rules of programmed contingencies of reinforcement in an experimental situation depends more on the listeners experimental history or his pre-experimental history, inferred by his answers to a questionnaire about unflexibility. Sixteen college students previously selected on the basis of their answers in a questionaire about unflexibility, were exposed to a procedure of choice according to sample. In each attempt, a model stimulus and three comparison stimuli were presented to the participant, which had to point to the three comparison ones, in a predetermined sequence. The participants were assigned to two conditions, and each condition had four phases. The conditions differed only by the schedule of reinforcement applied. In Condition 1, the schedule of reinforcement was continous (CRF) and in Condition 2 it was fixed-rate (FR4). In both conditions, Phase 1 began with the presentation of minimal instructions and a sequence of responses was established by diferential reinforcement; Phase 2 began with the presentation of a discrepant rule; Phase 3 began with the presentation of a correspondent rule; and Phase 4 began with the representation of the discrepant rule. Eight participants (four classified as flexible and four classified as unflexible) were exposed to Condition 1 (CRF) and eight participants (four classified as flexible and four classified as unflexible) were exposed to Condition 2 (FR4). Results show that apart from the classification, the eight participants in Condition 1 abandoned rule-following that was discrepant from the contingencies, pointing that the control exercised by the constructed experimental history prevented the observation of preexperimental variables upon the participants behavior of following discrepant rules. The results of Condition 2 showed that the four participants classified as flexible abandoned following the discrepant rule and the four participants classified as unflexible maintained the rule-following that was discrepant from the contingencies, ponting that under these conditions, control by different pre-experimental histories prevailed. Comparing the results in both conditions it can be summarized that the maintenance of the behavior of following discrepant rules does not depend only on the experimental or pre-experimental history of the listener, but depends on the combination of a number of conditions favorable or unfavorable to the maintence of the behavior of following a discrepant rule.