Navegando por Assunto "Adolescentes e violência"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características biopsicossociais de autores de agressão sexual de crianças e/ou adolescentes em contexto intrafamiliar e extrafamiliar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-28) COSTA, Lucilene Paiva da; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
This research had general goal to understand the biopsychosocial characteristics of authors of sexual aggression of children and/or adolescents in intrafamilial and extrafamilial contexts. Two studies were carried out, one referring to the systematic literature review and other descriptive, documental with exploratory character and quantitative approach. The first research examined the similarities and differences of biopsychosocial characteristics of authors of sexual aggression of children and adolescents in the period 1983-2013, from publications in national and international literature. The second study analyzed, through data contained in legal processes, the biopsychosocial characteristics of adult people accused of sexual aggression against children and adolescents in the city of Belem, State of Para, in the period 2012-2014. The result of first study indicated that the researches about authors of sexual aggression were realized more frequently with convicted prisoners (84%) and were male (93%). Among the selected publications, predominated those referred to both intrafamilial and extrafamilial contexts (77%). These publications showed that in the intrafamilial context, sexual offenders maintain a non-hostile relationship with the victim and utilized manipulative strategies. Unlike what has been observed in extrafamilial context, in which the author of aggression tends to use coercive strategies and to be exposed to higher risks of apprehension. The result the second study indicated in the intrafamilial context, the principal authors were the father and the stepfather of the victims. In extrafamilial context, there was a prevalence of perpetrators of sexual assault who were known to their victims’ families. In both contexts, the victims were mostly female. The results of the second study suggested that among those accused in the legal processes of practicing sexual assault over the age of 30 years, with spouse and children, and family relationship with the victim had most likely to belong to intrafamily context of those that have aged below 30 years, with spouse and children, but no family relationship with the victim. The odds ratio (2.949) suggests that the accused persons over age 30 had about 2 times more likely to belong to intrafamily context when compared to an aged below 30 years. In this study, was used at data collect the instrument Biopsychosocial Characterization Form, and all analyzes were made with SPSS software version 20.0 for Windows. The results of the studies suggest that there are clear differences among the profiles of sexual authors of sexual aggression of children and adolescents from intrafamilial and extrafamilial contexts, in the first case being more handlers and the second most coercive, however more research needs to be conducted so that this issue is better understood. Expected that this study may have contributed to broaden the discussion of this theme, especially in the context of the Amazon region, which needs further investigation using as reference the bio-ecological perspective of human development to understand the profile and trajectory of the authors anyway of aggression, mainly sexual.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O que os olhos não vêem o coração não sente: implicações para a opinião sobre a redução da maioridade penal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) CALDAS, Ivete Furtado Ribeiro; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
The increase in urban violence has led society to charge the State with more severe and punitive measures to solve the problem of juvenile crime. One of the proposals is the reduction of the criminal majority from 18 to 16 years. Discussions on this proposal have been ideologically polarized and instances where the debate is based on reliable scientific evidence are rare. In this research, we try to contribute to identify the implicit social and moral constraints associated with the issue of criminal majority. For this, we designed two experiments to evaluate how socioeconomic factors, sociodemographic factors and the moral development of the individual influence the opinion on the topic. Objective: To verify the relationship between socioeconomic factors, sociodemographic factors and moral development in the opinion about the reduction of the penal majority. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative and quantitative research with a cross-sectional design that consisted of two experiments: Belem Experiment and Regional Experiment. In the Belém Experiment the data were collected in two public places of the municipality of Belém, Pará, Praça Batista Campos and the Court of Justice of the State of Pará. In the Regional Experiment an on line tool was used with the aim of achieving people from different regions of the Brazilian territory. The sample consisted of individuals older than 18 years of both sex. The instruments used were: (1) Socioeconomic and sociodemographic questionnaire and (2) Dilemma of the adolescent in conflict with the law. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) and data mining were used for data analysis. Results: Juvenile court workers display preference for lower stages (stage 1) and a lower level of moral competence (average c-index) (3.97), with a strong adherence to the law, different from the general public that prefers higher stages (stage 6) and c-index (14.29). There was a significant relationship between the stage preference and the opinion of the subjects, only in the juvenile court workers (χ2 = 20,665, df = 10, p = 0.024). However, the former is less in accordance with lowering the age of criminal responsibility than the latter. Conclusion: The accuracy of opinion is greater at the extremes of psychological distance, that is, when the individual is very distant or very close to the reality of this adolescent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Risco e proteção à violência intrafamiliar nas trajetórias desenvolvimentais de adolescentes e jovens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) MAIA, Rosely Cardoso; SILVA, Lúcia Isabel da Conceição; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5758168217659420
This dissertation aimed to investigate the exposure of adolescents and young people to violence in the family context, identifying their perceptions about this violence, about risk and protection factors, as well as their implications in the developmental trajectories of students from public schools in the city of Belém Two studies were carried out: the first consisted of a Systematic Review of Literature about the panorama on intrafamily violence against adolescents and young people, where the search was done in the CAPES, SciELO and LILACS directories, and were selected for analysis 22 articles that were in line with pre-determined inclusion criteria. The analysis was made through content analysis, resulting in two final categories: risk factors and protection factors. The most frequent risk factors in the studies were sexual violence, physical violence, psychological violence, teenage pregnancy, alcohol abuse and STD / AIDS. The protection factors corresponded to the institutional reception, perception about intrafamily violence, care network, perception about the family and support network. The second study had a qualitative approach, with transversal and retrospective delineation on issues involving family relationships and exposure to intrafamily violence against adolescents and youth. Fifteen students from public schools in the municipality of Belém, aged between 16 and 19, participated in the study. The semi-structured interview and the field diary were used for data collection. The analysis technique was based on content analysis, which showed the following thematic categories: family perceptions, risk and protection in family relationships, perceptions about intrafamily violence, and the implications of intrafamily violence in the trajectories of development of the subjects. In general, the results of these categories showed that adolescents and young people have a positive perception about the family, where it plays a fundamental role in their lives, even if they have been exposed to physical and / or psychological violence along their developmental trajectories. In addition, the students attribute the behavioral changes as a consequence of exposure to intrafamily violence in order to prevent the recurrence of violence, as well as not reproduce with the children the violence suffered. It concludes by pointing to the need to understand the family dynamics and how this can be configured as a risk factor for adolescents and young people, putting in question its protective role in the development of family members.