Logo do repositório
Tudo no RIUFPA
Documentos
Contato
Sobre
Ajuda
  • Português do Brasil
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
Entrar
Novo usuário? Clique aqui para cadastrar. Esqueceu sua senha?
  1. Início
  2. Pesquisar por Assunto

Navegando por Assunto "Adultos"

Filtrar resultados informando as primeiras letras
Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17
  • Resultados por página
  • Opções de Ordenação
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Adultos e adolescentes autores de agressão sexual: características biopsicossociais e suas percepções sobre infância, adolescência e violência
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-10) SILVEIRA, Víviam da Silva; REIS, Daniela Castro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805305887566391; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-4516; CALVACANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-0651
    Sexual violence encompasses all societies, and manifests itself in different ways in their different contexts. This phenomenon is present throughout the life trajectory of many children and adolescents, whether as victims or perpetrators of sexual aggression. With the purpose of investigating this phenomenon, this dissertation presents a research with an empirical-descriptive design and quantitative-qualitative data analysis. The research sought to investigate the perceptions of adults (+ 18 years old) and adolescents (12 to 18 years old) perpetrators of sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence, relating them to the biopsychosocial characteristics that define the two age groups involved in the research. Therefore, two studies with similar methodological characteristics were carried out, thematically interconnected, but with individuals from two different age groups. Study I sought to investigate the relationship between perceptions of adult perpetrators of sexual assault against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (+ 18 years), which includes men sentenced for crimes of sexual violence in units prisons. Ten (N=10) interviews conducted and transcribed between 2015 and 2016 were selected for content analysis by the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD) with the support of the Iramuteq Software. The results showed that 90% of these adults were over 30 years old; as for education, 50% did not complete elementary school; 10% attended incomplete high school and 30% managed to complete high school, of these participants only 10% had access to incomplete higher education. All participants experienced situations of violence throughout their life trajectories, and regarding the degree of severity of the sexual assault committed, 40% of the authors assumed the practice with hands on; 40% did not assume such aggression, and 20% of these declared that they do not remember the act for which they are serving their sentence. The perception of these adults about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears directly linked to the experiences of these participants in the different stages of their development, in addition to not disassociating this form of aggression from the use of physical force. Study II aimed to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of adolescents who perpetrate sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (12 to 18 years old), which brings together adolescents who respond in court for an analogous offense to the rape of a vulnerable person and who were in compliance with a socio-educational measure. Four (N=4) participants were reached for content analysis of the interviews transcribed through the CHD of Iramuteq. The results showed that the adolescents were over 15 years old. In terms of education, 2 (50%) had not completed elementary school, 1 (25%) had not completed high school, and 1 (25%) had not completed this information. As for the violence suffered, it was observed that all participants experienced situations of violence. With regard to the degree of severity of the act performed, none of the participants assumed their practice in hands on. The perception of these adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears as a reflection of the construction of these categories throughout the life trajectory of these individuals, highlighting sexual violence linked to the use of physical force. Therefore, through the two studies, the hypothesis that there is a greater number of similarities than differences in the reports of these individuals (adults and adolescents) about the perceptions of sexual violence was taken into account. It is possible to point out the relationship between the biopsychosocial characteristics of the two age groups of perpetrators of sexual aggression, and particular ways of dealing with the experiences present in their life trajectories. It is possible to affirm that adolescent and adult authors, despite being in different groups, were probably socialized in very similar cultural and belief systems, which can influence and direct the construction of perceptions that are close to each other. However, adult authors tend to refer to violence as separate chapters in their life trajectory, and in the opposite direction, adolescents tend to show a direct relationship between sexual violence and issues experienced during their previous stages of development.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Associação entre hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso em adultos, Belém, Pará, 2005
    (2008-08) BORGES, Hilma Paixão; CRUZ, Nilma do Carmo; MOURA, Erly Catarina de
    BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major public health issue affecting 20 to 25% of the global population of adults, and 12 to 35 % of Brazilians. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between hypertension and overweight. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2005 with a probabilistic sampling of the population >18 years of age in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, in the Northern region of Brazil, using the telephone surveillance system for chronic diseases (SIMTEL). The dependent variable was hypertension, the explanatory variable was overweight and the confounding variables were age, level of education and lifestyle characteristics. The variables associated with hypertension were run through the regression logistic model and odds ratios were calculated for each variable. RESULTS: Hypertension affected 16.2% of men and 18.3% of women, and overweight affected 49.2% of men and 34.1% of women. The prevalence of hypertension was directly associated with age and overweight in both genders. Among men, hypertension was associated with intake of vegetables and low intake of beans (similar to kidney- and pinto-type beans); as for women, hypertension was associated with marital status (widow or separated), and inversely to education level. The risk of hypertension increased directly with weight for both genders (p<0.001), and it was 6.33 times higher among obese men and 3.33 among obese women as compared to normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION: Overweight was associated with hypertension. However, variables such as age, education, and food consumption interfere in this relationship, creating circumstances favorable to reducing or increasing that risk.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Determinação de mefloquina e carboximefloquina em pacientes com malária por plasmodium falciparum no estado do Amapá
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) BORGES, Larissa Maria Guimarães; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
    The determination of plasmatic and erythrocyte concentrations of mefloquine (MQ) and carboxymefloquine (CMQ) were studied in children and adults with malaria by Plasmodium falciparum not complicated in the Amapa state. The adult patients received oral outline of MQ 20 mg/kg divided in two days and artesunate 4 mg/kg/day for three days. For children the dose of MQ followed the schedule recommended by the manual of malaria therapy. Concentrations of MQ and CMQ in erythrocytes were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography on the third day of treatment (D3) and plasma levels were measured in the third and second fortieth day after the institution of therapy (D3 and D42). The average concentration of MQ and CMQ in plasma of children in D3 were 1.84 ± 0.83 μg/mL and 1.44 ± 0.70 μg/mL, and in erythrocytes 5.26 ± 1.46 μg/mL and 1.18 ± 0.65 μg/mL. In D42 the plasma concentrations were 0.45 ± 0.11 μg/mL and 0.51 ± 0.10 μg/mL, respectively. The relationship between plasma and erythrocytes concentrations of MQ and CMQ were 2.86 ± 1.27 and 0.75 ± 0.26. In adults, concentrations of MQ and CMQ in plasma were 2.43 ± 1.13 μg/mL and 1.10 ± 0.38 μg/mL, and in erythrocytes 5.51 ± 1.92 μg/mL and 1.08 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma concentrations in D42 were 0.54 ± 0.15 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.93 μg/mL, respectively. The relationship erythrocyte:plasma for MQ was 3.03 ± 1.56 and 1.12 ± 0.29 to CMQ. The correlation coefficient between plasma and erythrocytes concentrations of MQ in children was 0.035 and adults 0.0436. For CMQ the correlation coefficient in children was 0.8722 and in adults 0.5155. The higher accumulation of MQ in the red blood cells allows us to emphasize the importance of the simple diffusion for the entry of the drug in the cell because of their physical and chemical characteristics.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Efeitos da exposição crônica ao etanol da adolescência à fase adulta em ratos sobre o processo mnemônico e na densidade celular no hipocampo
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-30) OLIVEIRA, Maria Cristina Souza Pereira; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101
    The central nervous system is vulnerable to the action of several substances including these are psychoactive substances such as ethyl alcohol or ethanol, which is consumed by mankind for a long time and is associated with a range of medical social problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the neurobehavioral alterations and tissue from exposure to ethanol from adolescence to adulthood on the hippocampus. For this, 30 Wistar rats were evaluated distributed into control and ethanol, which upon reaching 35 days of age (adolescence) received by gavage ethanol at a dose of 6.5 g/Kg/day for 90 days (adulthood ). After this period, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests of open field, social recognition and avoidance for evaluation and subsequently perfused tissue through histological processing by violet cresila. Were collected and processed sections of 50 μm, the samples were subjected to staining violet cresila. The results demonstrate a deficit in the parameters measured in the behavioral assays such as impairment in natural ambulation of the animal, the percentage of the number of quarters and time in the central core area which suggests anxiogenic-like behavior, increase in exploratory activity surveying related to animal. Observed impairment in the development of mnemonic processes with reduced memory retention of short and long term as well as in social recognition. Regarding the treatment histologically observed decrease in cell density in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. These results indicate that chronic exposure to ethanol from adolescence to adulthood disrupts behavioral aspects related to the limbic system, the hippocampus where it entered.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Efeitos de regras apresentadas na forma de ordem, de sugestão e de acordo sobre o comportamento não-verbal de adultos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-14) FARIAS, Andréa Fonseca; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
    The present study investigated the effects of rules presented in the form of order, suggestion and agreement on non-verbal behavior of adults. Twenty four undergraduate were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each on of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. In Phase 1 of Experiments I and II, rules were presented in the form of order, suggestion and agreement. In Experiment I, the order, suggestion or agreement described only one of the two response sequences which produced points (exchangeble for money). In Experiment II, these rules described both response sequences which produced points, one of them being the ordered, suggested or agreed sequence, and the other, the alternative sequence. In Phase 2 ou both experiments, there was unsignalized changes in the contingencies of reinforcement. The results showed that the order, suggestion or agreement produced novel behavior. Additionally, showed that behavior established by order or agreement are more probable of being maitained after changes in the contingencies, when compared to behavior established by suggestion. It is discussed that the maitanance of rule-following is due, in part, to the formal properties of the rules.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Emergência de relações numéricas em crianças surdas
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-03) CARMO, Ruth Daisy Capistrano de Souza; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
    Studies focusing on the formation of ordinal classes have reported a number of experimental findings relevant to the comprehension of sequential stimulus relations. The aim of this investigation was to replicate previous findings obtained with normal children and adults (Study 1) using a training by chaining procedure in order to ascertain whether learning in deaf children could also be maintained under conditional control, using visual stimuli and chained motor responses (Study 2). In study 1, seven children with profound hearing impared degree, sign language naives, served as subjects. A programmed procedure was used to chain responses to three sets of stimuli: A = printed number names, B = numbers presented in Brazilian Sign Language and C = abstract forms in different quantities. The values assigned to the three stimulus categories varied from 1 to 6. In Study 2, five deaf children were subjected to the same teaching procedure, although with sequential variation. Each participant was to respond, in the presence of a green-colored stimuli, presented in a A1A2A3A4A5A6 sequence; and in the presence of a red-color stimuli in the 6A5A4A3A2A1 sequence. In both studies, after having responded correctly to each sequence, an animated figure appeared on the screen, and the experimenter praised each child with signed words signifying very good, correct, or great. When an incorrect response was emitted, the screen whitened for a second, and a new configuration of stimuli was presented randomly. The sessions were carried out in a classroom in a public school for hearing-impaired students. It was used a laptop computer with software designed to present the stimuli and record behavioral data. After each trial and a revised baseline for each response sequence, tests of transitivity and connectivity were administered in order to 16 evaluate the emergence of ordinal classes, in a non-adjacent paired stimulus array with substitutability. The results showed that the participants responded quickly in both studies. In conclusion, the procedure was efficient in facilitating the acquisition of numerical concepts, and showed that emergence of equivalent stimulus classes occurred outside the matching-tosample format in hearing-as well as deaf children.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Emprego do cloridrato de xilazina e do maleato de acepromazina na exteriorização do pênis de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis, Lin.)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) BITTENCOURT, Ruth Helena Falesi Palha de Moraes; VALE, William Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7486151987920142
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Ensino de leitura a partir de unidades mínimas a jovens e adultos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) SANTOS, Ana Cláudia Cunha dos; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
    The Experimental Analysis of Behavior has contributed expressively to the production of knowledge applied to human problem solving. The behavior analysts have been producing a variety of studies that investigate the basic processes involved in the acquisition of reading and writing performances, and teaching procedures that may develop these repertoires. Some studies have obtained positive results using procedures that establish the control by minimal units of reading, syllables, starting teaching macro units, words. However, it may be possible to teach reading using other alternative procedures. This study investigates the efficacy of a teaching program that starts teaching reading from minimal units and then macro units, using behavioral technology. Four of six participants finished the program. All participants learned to read the taught words. One participant showed generalized reading when first tested, the other three participants needed repeated tests. Two participants developed construction of dictated taught and recombined words. Results indicate control by minimal units. Further research concerning stimulus control of writing dictated words, one important relation to be learned to achieve functional literacy, is necessary.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Estudos sobre a avaliação da afasia expressiva: material e procedimentos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-07) NELSON, TONY; FERRARI, Cristiana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1843316540336825; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
    This work addresses the improvement and development of material and procedures of evaluation of adults with expressive aphasia. It presents a study of receptive and expressive language, and subdivides each category into one preparation phase, with the participation of seemingly healthy adults, and an application phase, with the participation of adults with expressive aphasia. The study of receptive language examines the short form of Token Test. During the preparation phase, the performance of 150 adults hailing from two cities (Belém and São Luís) was observed. Schooling was a significant factor in scores, and great heterogeneity was observed in the low schooling group (1 to 4 years), possibly due to literacy level. The application phase saw the observation of the performance of six patients with expressive aphasia who, generally, scored relatively low, although some individuals produced better results. The score percentiles of the control group are considered viable as provisional norms to evaluate the performance of the aphasics. During the study of expressive language, material and procedure of aphasia evaluation was developed considering two language use contexts. In the preparation phase, 20 participants were asked to name 70 photographs to observe conformity with given names. As a result of this verification, photographs with 90 to 100% conformity were selected, considering the structure of emitted words (e.g., alternating vowels and consonants), and two conditions to be applied in the next phase were randomly assigned to the pictures: tact (task of naming by visual confrontation) and mand (task involving request). Two adults with expressive aphasia participated in the application phase. When considering the aphasics’ self-corrections, some difference can be observed betweenIV the two verbal contexts, but with opposite results for both aphasics. The conclusion is that the procedure used in the mand context is viable in an evaluation situation and should be further investigated. The expansion of the verbal classes (tact and mand) is recommended as well as their application at different occasions in time in order to verify whether or not there are consistent differences.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Factors related to orthodontic treatment time in adult patients
    (2013-10) MELO, Ana Camila Esteves de Oliveira; CARNEIRO, Lilianne Oliveira Thiers; PONTES, Luana Farias; CECIM, Rodolpho Lobão; MATTOS, José Nazareno Rufino de; NORMANDO, Antonio David Corrêa
    INTRODUCTION: The length of time that it takes an orthodontist to treat adult patients varies widely. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate how different variables influence treatment time. METHODS: Seventy clinical case reports of successfully treated adult patients were examined. The patients were selected from 4,723 records held by three experienced orthodontists. The influence exerted by the following variables on treatment time was assessed: age, sex, facial pattern, severity of malocclusion (measured by the PAR index), sagittal relationship of canines, type of brackets (ceramic or metal), tooth extractions, missed appointments and orthodontic appliance issues/breakages, the latter being the dependent variable. Assessment was performed by multiple linear regression analysis, followed by the stepwise method with P < 0.05. RESULTS: The number of times a patient missed their appointment (no-show) (R2 = 14.4%, p < 0.0001) and the number of appliance issues/breakages (R2 = 29.71%, p = 0.0037) significantly affected variability in treatment time, and these two variables together can predict 43.75% (R2 total) of the overall variability in treatment time. Other factors, such as canine relationship at the beginning of treatment, bracket type (metal or ceramic), tooth extractions, age at start of treatment, severity of the initial malocclusion, sex and facial pattern had no significant bearing on treatment time. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of orthodontic treatment in adults, when performed by experienced orthodontists, is mainly influenced by factors related to patient compliance. However, several factors which were not included in this study may contribute to variability in orthodontic treatment time.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Minociclina atenua os prejuízos motores em ratos submetidos à isquemia focal no córtex motor e expostos cronicamente ao etanol da adolescência à fase adulta
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-30) OLIVEIRA, Gedeão Batista de; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101
    According to World Health Organization, alcohol consumption in the world has become a public health problem. In this context, Brazil is at 63th position in the world in per capita alcohol consumption for people aged 15 or older. In addition to its socio-economic effects, ethanol is an important risk factor in the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. Exacerbated consumption of this drug contributes to the poor prognosis, as well as possible treatment for health problems related to stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate neuromotor changes after blocking micróglial activation with minocycline in rats subjected to focal ischemia in the motor cortex, when treated chronically with ethanol from adolescence to adulthood. Rats were given for 55 days by gavage ethanol (6.5 g/kg/dia, 22.5 w/v). At the end of 55 days the animals were microinjected with the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (40 pmol) for induction of focal ischemic lesion. The ischemic animals were treated with minocycline receiving two daily doses of 50 mg/kg in the first two days, and five daily applications of single 25mg/kg, intraperitoneally, by the seventh day post-ischemic induction. Behavioral tests consisted of open field, inclined plane and rota-rod. The results showed that the animals were exposed to ethanol showed motor deficits in all behavioral tests. However, treatment with minocycline was able to reverse them, enabling better performance on all tests. The results suggest that minocycline was able to reverse damage caused by motors stroke, even in the presence of ethanol. The exact mechanism involved in this process need to be investigated in future research.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Papel da serotonina no comportamento defensivo do paulistinha (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822) adulto: Diferenças entre modelos comportamentais, linhagens, e efeitos do estresse predatório agudo
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-14) OLIVEIRA, Caio Maximino de; HERCULANO, Anderson Manoel
    Anxiety disorders present the highest incidence in the world population among psychiatric disorders, and the clinical efficacy of anxiolytic drugs is low, partially due to lack of knowledge on the neurochemical bases of these disorders. To reach a more ample and evolutionarily grounded comprehension of these phenomena, the use of phylogenetically older species can be an interesting approach in the field of behavioral modeling; thus, we suggest the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822) in the attempt to understand the modulation of these behaviors by the serotonergic system. We demonstrate that extracellular serotonin levels in the brains of adult zebrafish exposed to the light/dark preference test [LDT] (but not to the novel tank test [NTT]) are increased in relation to animals which are handled, but not exposed to the apparatuses. Moreover, serotonin tissue levels levels in the hindbrain and forebrain are elevated by the exposure to the LDT, while tissue levels in the midbrain are elevated by exposure to the NTT. Extracellular serotonin levels correlate positively with scototaxis, thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT and negatively with geotaxis in the NTT. Acute treatment with a low dose of fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) increases scototaxis, thigmotaxis, and risk assessment in the LDT, and decreases geotaxis and freezing and facilitates habituation in the NTT. Treatment with buspirone decreases scototaxis, thigmotaxis and freezing at 25 and 50 mg/kg in the LDT and decreases risk assessment at 50 mg/kg; in the NTT, both doses decrease geotaxis, while the highest dose decreases freezing and facilitates habituation. Treatment with WAY 100635 decreases scototaxis at 0.003 and 0.03 mg/kg, while only the highest dose decreases thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT. In the NTT, both doses decrease geotaxis, while only the lower dose facilitates habituation and increases homebase time. Treatment with SB 224289 did not alter scototaxis, but increased risk assessment at 2.5 mg/kg; in the NTT, this drug decreased geotaxis and decreased erratic swimming at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, while at 2.5 mg/kg it increased homebase time. Treatment with DL-para-clorophenylalanine (2 x 300 mg/kg injections, separated by 24 h) decreased scototaxis, thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT, and increased geotaxis and homebase time and decreased habituation in the NTT. When animals were pre-exposed to a conspecific “alarm substance”, extracellular serotonin levels were raised in association with an increase in scototaxis, freezing and erratic swimming in the LDT; both behavioral and neurochemical effects were blocked by pre-treatment with fluoxetine (2,5 mg/kg), but not with WAY 100,635 (0,003 mg/kg). Animals from the leopard strain show increased scototaxis and risk assessment in the LDT, as well as increased 5-HT tissue levels in the encephalon; the behavioral phenotype is rescued by treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg). These data suggest that the serotonergic system of zebrafish modulates behavior in the LDT and NTT in opposite ways; that the fright response produced by alarm substance seems to increase serotonergic activity, an effect which is possibly mediated by serotonin transporters; and that at least one high-anxiety mutant phenotype is associated with serotonin uptake. It is thus suggested that from a functional point of view serotonin increases anxiety and decreases fear in zebrafish.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Redução do volume hipocampal, perda neuronal e alterações gliais em ratos expostos cronicamente ao etanol da adolescência à fase adulta
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-04) OLIVEIRA, Ana Carolina Alves de; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
    O consumo de etanol (EtOH) é considerado um problema de saúde pública do Brasil e no mundo, sendo alvo de pesquisas epidemiológicas e de seus efeitos no organismo durante as várias etapas do desenvolvimento humano. Neste contexto, torna-se necessário o entendimento dos efeitos do EtOH no Sistema Nervoso Central, mais especificamente sobre a formação hipocampal, pois embora seja conhecida como uma estrutura particularmente sensível aos seus efeitos deletérios do EtOH, os mecanismos subjacentes aos efeitos de exposição crônica são pouco estabelecidos. O presente estudo objetiva verificar quais as repercussões da exposição crônica ao EtOH em ratos, desde a adolescência até a idade adulta, sobre os padrões morfométricos e morfologia hipocampal. Ratos Wistar, fêmeas, receberam EtOH por gavagem (6,5 g/kg/dia, 22,5% V/v), do 35º ao 90º dia pós-natal, sendo comparado com grupo controle, o qual recebeu apenas água destilada. Foi realizada análise morfométrica e estereológica, bem como histoquímica e imunoistoquímica. Para a marcação imunoistoquímica, utilizou-se os anticorpos Anti-NeuN, Anti-GFAP e Anti-Iba1. Verificou-se perda neuronal significativa em CA1 e hilo, com CA3, apresentando diminuição não significante no número de células Neu-N+. Também foi encontra redução significativa da população microglial em todas as áreas investigadas, com ativação destas células. Houve redução no número de astrócitos em animais expostos ao EtOH em todas as áreas, embora não de forma significativa em CA1. Análise estereológica evidenciou redução de volume na formação hipocampal de ratos expostos ao EtOH em relação ao grupo controle. Desta forma, conclui-se que animais expostos cronicamente ao EtOH, sofrem redução volumétrica e perdas neuronal e glial na formação hipocampal.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e educação musical: três estudos no programa cordas da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-15) NOBRE, João Paulo dos Santos; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a specific developmental disorder of high prevalence observed in children and adults, including impairments in behavior inhibition, sustained attention, resistance to distraction and regulating the activity level of individual facing some situations, being frequent the excessive motor behavior and inadequate. Due these characteristics, students with this disorder have accumulated impairments in several areas of life mainly in relation with the academic development. This has encouraged research as a way of developing behavioral technology to minimize the impact of this disorder in an individual’s life. Researchers in the field of music education have interested in this area objecting acknowledge in the way how music education can help students with ADHD to develop strategies to minimize the cost of learning for them. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the music education can serve as an intervention tool to promote changes in the behavior repertoire of students with characteristics of risk to the disorder. The research was divided in three studies: screening prevalence of the disorder, analysis behavioral changes in students with characteristics of risk to ADHD and assessment of music learning. The results indicate that within of the sample studied (N=320), 52,18% presented score of compatible characteristics with the disorder. Regarding behavioral changes, we observed expansion of the repertoire of appropriate behaviors and reduction in the repertoire of inappropriate behaviors. When was established the assessment of learning music and comparison with a student with typical development, we observed that both students had a similar development.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Treino em auto-observação e adesão à dieta em adulto com diabetes tipo 2
    (2009-12) FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; FERNANDES, Andressa Lacerda
    The present study verified the effects of self-observation over the adherence to a prescribed diet for an adult with Type 2-diabetes. The data collection was brought up by means of home interviews. Following the baseline determination, the following steps were performed: a training on the use of protocols for self-monitoring registration (Step 1), a training on the patient's verbal report over his feeding on the former day (Step 2), and a training on how to plan the adherence to the diet (Step 3). The calculation of the patient's Adherence Index to the Diet (AID) along with his verbal reports guided the data analysis, which revealed an increase in the frequency of self-observation of feeding behavior and in the AID on Step 1. This gain was maintained on Step 2 and further maximized by the training on planning the adherence to the diet on Step 3.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Triplex Doppler da artéria renal e a relação entre a ecobiometria dos rins com distância atlanto-coccígea e altura em Canis familiaris
    (2009-10) SANTANA, Expedito Junior de Matos; CARVALHO, Poliana Silva Beserra; BRITO, Adriel Behn de; MIRANDA, Stefânia Araújo; NIKOLAK, Elizabete; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza
    The aim of this paper was to establish the relation between the kidney ecobiometry with atlanto-coccyges distance (ACD) and height (H) in adult healthy dogs, to obtain normality parameters for assessment of renal size and volume, as well as establish reference values to evaluate kidney blood perfusion by the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of main renal artery. The study was applied at 22 adult dogs, 11 males and 11 females. Previously, the DAC and H of all animals were measured. For ultrasonographic examination, the ultra-sound system HDI 4000 PHILIPS equipped with a multi-frequency microconvex transducer, Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler devices was used. The animals were placed into right or left lateral decubitus position, in agreement with the kidney to be assessed. The longitudinal (LD) and dorsoventral diameters (DVD) of kidney were measured in longitudinal plane, and the transverse diameter (TD) was determined in transversal section. The renal volume (V) was automatically calculated by the ultrasound software. With Triplex Doppler, the RI and PI of right and left main renal arteries were obtained. All data were represented in mean ± SEM. Linear regression analyses were performed with renal LD, DVD, TD and V as dependent variable, and ACD and H as independent variable. RI and PI were compared between right and left renal arteries with Student's t-test. The LD, DVD, TD (cm) and V (ml) mean measurements for the left and right kidneys were: 5.24±0.27, 3.07±0.15, 3.07±0.9, 28.01±3.4 and 4.50±0.19, 2.88±0.14, 2.71±0.15, 21.27±2.6. All regression analyses were significant for the intercept and regression coefficient (P<0.01). There were statistical differences on RI and PI means between right and left renal arteries (P=0.001). The RI and PI means of left and right renal artery obtained were: 0.62±0.08 and 1.34±0.18; 0.70±0.06 and 1.62±0.13. The data obtained in the present paper can be used as parameters for evaluation of the renal size, volume and perfusion in adult dogs.
  • Carregando...
    Imagem de Miniatura
    ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)
    Vigilância de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal (2006)
    (2008-05) MOURA, Erly Catarina de; MORAIS NETO, Otaliba Libânio de; MALTA, Deborah Carvalho; MOURA, Lenildo de; SILVA, Nilza Nunes da; BERNAL, Regina Tomie Ivata; CLARO, Rafael Moreira; MONTEIRO, Carlos Augusto
    OBJECTIVES: To describe methods and initial findings of the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases through Telephone Interviews – VIGITEL implemented in Brazil in 2006. METHODS: VIGITEL studied random samples of individuals with 18 years of age or more living in households with telephones in each capital of the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District (54,369 total individuals, and at least 2,000 per city). Sampling was based on complete electronic telephone directories in each city and included random selection of phone lines (households) and random selection of the household member to be interviewed. The questionnaire investigated demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, diet patterns, physical activity, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, recalled weight and height, and other topics. Prevalence estimates of selected protective and risk factors, stratified by gender with corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals, were calculated for the adult population of each city using sample weighing factors designed to equalize the sample socio-demographic distribution in each city to the distribution observed in the same city in the Demographic Census of 2000. Estimates were also calculated for all cities together using additional sample weighing that took into account the adult population size of each city. FINDINGS: The five selected risk factors (smoking, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, overweight, habit of eating fatty meats, and physical inactivity) were more frequent among men than women. Among protective factors, the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables was more common among women than men and the opposite was seen for leisure-time physical activity. Strong differences among the cities were found for all protective and risk factors, with distinct patterns of regional distribution seen for different factors. DISCUSSION: The performance of the system, evaluated based on the quality of telephone directories and response and refusal rates, was appropriate and in general higher than the performance seen in similar systems of developed countries. The cost of R$ 31.15 per complete interview was half the cost of the Behavioral Risk-Factor Surveillance System and one fifth of the cost estimated for a household survey on risk factors for chronic diseases recently conducted in Brazil.
Logo do RepositórioLogo do Repositório
Nossas Redes:

DSpace software copyright © 2002-2025 LYRASIS

  • Configurações de Cookies
  • Política de Privacidade
  • Termos de Uso
  • Entre em Contato
Brasão UFPA