Navegando por Assunto "Agentes antiinfecciosos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do crescimento bacteriano na presença de óleos essenciais de Dysphania ambrosioides l. e Ocimum campechianum mill. para avaliar seus potenciais como antissépticos bucais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) MOURA, Luiziana Barbosa; SANTOS, Alberdan Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5976702134131016
The aromatic plants like Dysphania ambrosioides (mastruz) and Ocimum campechianum (Alfavaca), that are part of folk medicine in Brazil, have phenylpropanoids and terpenoids compounds in their essential oils as result of secondary metabolism that influence the adaptation and defense of these species in environment; particularly, defense against microrganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of D. ambrosioides and O. campechianum against pathogenic bacteria mouth. For this they used the disk diffusion method on agar and broth microdilution adapted. The plants were obtained in Santa Izabel do Pará, their leaves were washed and weighed; the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. After, the components of essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bacteria strains used were: Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469), Lactobacillus fermentum (ATCC 9338), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) and Agregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (ATCC 29522). Bacterial suspensions were prepared for testing and 0.5 McFarland standard. As a positive control we adopted the digluconate of chlorhexidine 0.12%. Inhibition halos were observed for all samples in different concentrations of each essential oil (1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%). The largest halos were found to A. actinomycetencomitans. In the microdilution test the basil oil inhibited the bacteria S. mutans, the main etiological factor for caries in concentration of 1%; mastruz the oil inhibited L. casei, microorganism that enhances the process of decay in concentrations from 10%; Both oils inhibited the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and can be effective against periodontal disease caused by that pathogen. Plant species of this study produce secondary metabolites classes with potential applications in the development of dental products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo químico e atividade antibacteriana do fungo endofítico Scedosporium apiospermum de Bauhinia guianensis e de fungos da Serra de Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-22) CORDEIRO, Jorgeffson da Silva; MARINHO, Patricia Santana Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4826647905254039; MARINHO, Andrey Moacir do Rosario; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2511998363000599
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that lives in association with the host species, and they're a promising source of important natural products. With a equal importance, the soil fungi also are capable of producing so many substances of economic value. Thus, the following work was objective to obtain bioactive composts produced by endophytic fungi M. acutistipula var. ferrea and soil Carajás Saw, besides the endophytic S. apiospermium from liana of Bauhinia guianensis Auble. The species M. acutistipula var. ferrea, were isolated 56 endophytic and 64 soil fungi. They were randomly, selected, 12 fungi to be reactivated in Petri dishes containing PDA medium. After reactivating the micro-extracts of 12 fungi were obtained as the adapted methodology Smedsgaar. The micro-extracts were evaluated by HPLC-DAD to determine the chromatographic profile and, also, submitted antimicrobial testing. The FSF 12 (trichoderma sp.), selected after the screening of chemical and biological profile was grown on a large scale in a solid medium (rice) and led to the isolation of five substances: fatty acid polyunsaturated (E1), 5'-inosil (E2), tyrosol (E3), harzialactone A (E4) and 2-anhydro mevalonic (E5). In relation to the fungus EJCP13 (S. apiospermium) where compounds isolated, triacyl (J1), ergosterol peroxide (J2), ergosterol (JA19), cerivisterol (JA29), methylester (JA24), dulcitol (D), and brefeldin A (JA). The compound Brefeldin A showed significant antimicrobial activity and, also, proved to be the major secondary metabolite in extracts from S. apiospermium. Thus, it decides to quantify a substance in the extract, which corroborate results, which indicate the presence of brefeldin A only in AcOEt and the hexane extracts. The isolation of the substances was performed by chromatographic techniques, such as CCVU and, monitoring, by ADCC. The chemical structures were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC), and spectrometric (ESI-MS).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos em pacientes idosos de um hospital universitário de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) SOUSA, Kassio Cardoso; SILVA, Marcos Valério Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379783635000306; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
The medicine progress and improvement in general life conditions of the population led to the increase of life expectancy and contributed to population aging. There are important clinical characteristics in elderly people as the fact that those individuals show a series of alterations which interfere directly in the pharmacokinetics’ processes. The medicines constitute the most used treatments within health services, in the knowledge that, in developing countries, around 30% of the health resources are destined to those products. In that way Studies of Medicines Use are important strategic tools for the rationalization of the drugs’ use. That being so this research has as a goal to investigate the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for elderly persons interned in the clinics: medical clinics, clinics of infectious and parasitic diseases, the intensive treatment center and the surgical clinic of the academic Hospital João Barros Barreto (HUJBB) in the period from 2009 to 2012, aiming for observing the initiatives directed to the patient security regarding the antimicrobials use. It consists in a transversal study, observational and characteristically descriptive. The sample was composed of 299 recorded and interned patients who received the treatment with at least one antimicrobial on a regular basis. In relation to the socio-demographic profile of the elderly patients admitted in the HUJBB during the studying period, it was noticed that the most frequent gender was the feminine with 44%, and the average of the internship duration was of 18,90 days, and the most frequent age range stood between 60 and 70 years old with 46,15%, the civil status was married with 52,21%, declaring themselves ―pardos*‖ (69,90%), coming from the capital city (72,24%) and with an internship duration until 30 days utmost (82,94%). About the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for the elderly patients, was spotted that the cephalosporin category of third generation was the most proscribed with 29,94%, followed by the quinolones with 17,15% and Macrolides with 9,30%. Among the 23 antimicrobials found in the medicals prescriptions, the ceftriaxone was the most used with 20,13% followed by the ceftazidime with 10,50% and the clarithromycin with 9,85%. The most frequent pathologies reached the respiratory tract with: DPOC (10,16%), bronchiectasis infecting (8,07%) and pneumonia (4,30%) and the most frequent administration route used for elderly people was the intravenous with 84%. Combining the infection state of the respiratory tract (28,13%) with the most frequent use of antimicrobials of the cephalosporin category and the quinolones’ one, 47,09% were totalized. As for the clinical state outcome, 72% of the patients were discharged. The prescription profile for the rational use of antimicrobials for elderly people is provided in the advocated directives for the rational use of the medicines, as well as intended for the patient security.