Navegando por Assunto "Agricultores"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391
Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A participação dos agricultores na construção do PROAMBIENTE: uma reflexão a partir do Pólo Transamazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-31) ARAÚJO, Idelbergue Ferreira; VEIGA JUNIOR, Iran Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9513562131313692
Smallholder representative organizations in the Transamazon highway have performed critical roles of mediation in the last two decades, and more recently became active in public policymaking. The PROAMBIENTE Program, incorporated by the federal government in 2003, reaffirms this trend. However, the construction of the program by Amazonian smallholder representative organizations and their partner technicians while provoking a reversal of public policy processes in Brazil (traditionally a government imposition to society) did not involve the subjects themselves in this process. Emerging from representative organizations, PROAMBIENTE faces strong resistance from the majority of the smallholders. The reason argued here for that is the distance between what was foreseen by the program and the aspirations of the smallholders and the leaders of the organizations that proposed the program. In the São Vicente group, particularly, even the producers who reveal affinity with PROAMBIENTE do not consistently assimilate its principles. Rather they appropriate the socioambiental rhetoric, advocated by the representative organizations in the Transamazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A percepção de tecnologias em agricultura orgânica por produtores familiares no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PIZATE, Ronei Juscelino Bianchi; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Traditional agriculture in the Amazon is based on slash and burn agriculture, to clean the area and nutrient release. Organic agriculture in this context favors the strengthening of family agriculture, in addition to environmental services as concrete proposal for a production model, which does not exclude the preservation of the environment, improving the quality of farmer’s life, and improving the quality of produced food for the consumer market. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the empowerment of information on organic agriculture by small farmers, organized into different associations (APBVA and COOPAMABI) under technical support of a private Brazilian company (NATURA) and one international organization (ICCO), respectively, located in the northeast of Pará. The used methodology was a study of case with semi-structured questionnaires, consisting of open and closed questions, which can get evidence that provided an understanding of transition processes where these producers are located. The results show no significant differences related to the implementation of common practices between the analyzed associations. The producers with technical support funded by ICCO demonstrated a greater level of technologies adoption in relation to another farmers group. The results showed a complete absence of technical support, or it is ineffective, by the government agency for technical support. The generation of funding mechanisms and a systematization of agroecological technologies developed in the region, adapted to the farmers reality, and the intensification of training activities and awareness of technical EMATER, becomes necessary for an efficient training with greater appropriation of agroecological technologies by family farmers in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O silêncio como metáfora: o uso de agrotóxicos e a saúde de agricultores no município de Igarapé-Açú/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-25) LOBATO, Sandra Maria Rickmann; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
In the Amazon, specially in the state of Pará, the use of pesticides has been set as a regular practice in the last 20 years and was intensified in the last decade, through the re-configuration of agriculture in the county, with maximization of permanent cultures and technological changes inserted in the agricultural practices and into the labor relationships, being its predominant use, as for the Igarapé-Açu county, the mild and high risk of intoxication, including forbidden substances in the other countries which, under the label of “technology transfer”, have been used without the evaluation of its impact over public health, the environment and the food chain into which the human being takes part. It is understood that this is a public health question in interface with the referred ones in occupational health and environmental health. The research which has guided such paper was developed in the Cumaru branch in Igarapé- Açu county in the state of Pará, with 20 peasants in a situation of long exposure to pesticides. It had as a main aim to trace the morbidity profile of the focused group, more specifically the arise of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in the situation of chronic intoxication, as well as to recognize their perceptions of the risks to what they are submitted from the usage of such substances in their labor. It was out of the point that the theoretical-conception of work, health and environment joint, understanding health as going beyond the absence of illness or continuous well-being, entering in a single way into each individual’s life who shares with the community events that cause diseases, but that express in a single way through co-factor which insert into each one’s biography, making it worse or minimizing the effects of shared risks. Labor, understood as structuring element of identity and subjective of the individual, plenty of meanings, culturally transformed, being a way of living and dying. Field research was performed in two steps, being the first one to recognize the spaces and ever day practices of the group, considering age and gender, through participative observation and informal chats with peasants and their families in domestic and labor rooms. The second step was performed through psychological evaluation interviews with peasants. It was evidenced the chronic intoxication situation and the incidence of a group of symptoms, among which there are some ones linked to anxiety or depression expressions, being these ones named as “nervous” by the peasants. Those ones already know parts of the risks over their health and environment, but they think of it relatively, not relating the usage of pesticides to the presented symptoms and minimizing them, as well as the risks, anchoring to social representatives that support them on their beliefs about labor and health in defensive strategies shared with their partners.