Navegando por Assunto "Agricultura"

Agora exibindo 1 - 16 de 16

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O amálgama floresta e agricultura na Reserva Extrativista Arióca Pruanã
(2013-06) SILVA JUNIOR, Amintas Lopes da; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires
The present study addresses the role of orchards and yards as interface between agriculture and extractivism in the Arióca Pruanã Extractivist Reserve, in the city of Oeiras, Pará state, Brazil. The agriculture depends on the forest and reconfigures it into secondary forests and orchards, as well as the forest insinuates itself into the yards as the wild plant species are therein introduced by human hands. The result of this management is the agroforestry in the landscape, visible face of the amalgam between agriculture and forest, and reproduction basis of the riparian lifestyle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contribuição da pecuária bovina nas mudanças de uso da terra: uma abordagem multiescala no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) THALÊS, Marcelo Cordeiro; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
Brazilian Amazon has gone through a number of different economic cycles linked to the exploitation of natural resources, integrated with global markets, which have intensified since the 1960s, most recently through the ongoing expansion of agribusiness. During this process of territorial construction, land use changes have occurred heterogeneously in both space and time, with mechanisms operating at a number of different scales. The present study analyzes the shifts in land use and the contribution of cattle ranching to the process of territorial construction based on monitoring methods and indicators applied at varying scales, from the local to the regional, as a contribution to territorial management. In the Brazilian state of Pará, the study was based on the diachronic cartography of the pioneer fronts, which was used to represent and delimit the regional contrasts among these fronts. The relationship between these pioneer fronts and the dynamics of the deforestation process was also analyzed, by period, between 2002 and 2017, which allowed the territories to be classified as (i) consolidated, in which ranching is being intensified, (ii) expanding, in which the fronts are used as a strategy of occupation, and (iii) areas free of deforestation. In the municipality of Paragominas, located in a territory undergoing consolidation, the landscape dynamics were analyzed by superimposing the maps of land use with those of the agricultural aptitude of the land and the distance to the principal highways, with the aim of developing a model for the restoration of the landscape. The local landscape dynamics can be divided into two principal systems of land use, one that is based on the expansion of the pasture in valleys with sandy soils, and the other, based on mechanized farming, which is currently expanding on the clayey plateaus. The analysis of these two systems provided three important insights for the eventual restoration of the landscape. The first point is that the intensification of land use increases the pressure on the forests, principally in the areas most adequate for farming. The second is that the intensification of land use frees up areas that are inadequate for mechanization, and could potentially be used for the restoration of the forest. The third point is that local governance should be employed to define spatially explicit policies capable of transforming the landscape. In the areas sampled, in southeastern Pará, observations were conducted at specific points for visual description of the characteristics of the pasture, which were used to construct a typology of the process of pasture degradation. When this pasture typology is related to the vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI-2, NDII-5, NDII-7) extracted from Landsat 7 (ETM+) images, it can be noted that the well-formed pasture, which is associated with a reduction in the cover and height of the vegetation, was also related to a reduction in the vegetation indices. In degraded and degrading pasture, there was a lack of precision in the differentiation of the well-formed pasture. The degraded pastures or those undergoing biological degradation were identified better, but still imprecisely in comparison with the well-formed pasture with low vegetation cover, whereas the pasture undergoing agricultural degradation was confused with the well-formed pasture with a medium to high percentage of vegetation cover. This approach has considerable potential for the monitoring of areas of pasture, but needs to be refined. The analyses at different scales reflect the importance of understanding shifts in land use during the process of territorial construction, with the primary objective of transforming this knowledge into an easily-understood diagnostic tool that should facilitate adequate decision-making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Beneficiamento de uma argila tipo paligorskita da bacia de S. Luis-Grajaú, região de Alcântara, MA, e sua utilização como adsorvente de fósforo
(2014-03) RODRIGUES, Gabriela Monice Arruda; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões
This study used a sample from the basin of S. Luís-Grajaú, Maranhão state, Brazil,consisting of a mixture of predominantly palygorskite and dolomite, approaching the existence of this new occurrence, suggesting a processing method and its application as phosphorus adsorbent, once dolomite is a pH soil corrector while palygorskite has the function of nutrients carrier. First, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and separation of sand, silt and clay fractions. Sedimentation and phosphorus adsorption experiments were also performed, with determination of kinetic curve. After the X-ray diffraction analysis, results show that the sample consists mainly of palygorskite and dolomite. Illite, chlorite and quartz are also determined. It was also possible to see that the different types of disaggregation used show no significant differences in the diffraction patterns of the samples. The sand-silt-clay separation, although it is only based on the size of the material, showed a reasonable efficiency for material separation, as the sedimentation tests, where it was noticed that after 24 h, dolomite had disappeared from the supernatant. Determination of the kinetic curve revealed that the adsorption period of 2 h is not sufficient for phosphorus adsorption, requiring 24 h to reach the reaction equilibrium. Sorption tests showed efficiency higher than 91% of the initial phosphorus in solution, and the maximum quantity adsorbed per gram of sample was 0.607 mg. The correlation with the adsorption isotherm models studied, showed better results for Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm, with correlation coefficient of 0.9993, which can be attributed to the fact that adsorption occurs in more than one layer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Beneficiamento de uma argila tipo palygorskita da Bacia de São Luis-Grajaú, região de Alcântara (MA) e sua utilização como adsorvente de fósforo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-04) ARRUDA, Gabriela Monice; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9559386620588673
The estimated contribution of the industry minerals in Brazil is about 70% of National Mineral Production Value. These minerals are important because of its diverse applications. Among them, in clay minerals group, there is palygorskite, which presents the requirements to join special clays group, once their occurrence is restricted. Thus, this new mineral occurrences deserve attention and further study. Adding to this, there is the fact in the Amazon region, as well as in most areas of tropical and temperate zones, the acidity is an important factor in land degradation and represent one of the major problems faced by agriculture. Acid soils have several limitations, which hinders the use of nutrients, requiring the addition of fertilizers, always aiming maximum efficiency. In this context, this study used a sample from the Bacia de São-Luis-Grajaú, Maranhão State, consisting of a mixture which is predominantly palygorskite and dolomite, approaching the existence of this new occurrence, suggesting a processing method and its application as phosphorus adsorbent, once dolomite is a pH soil corrector, while palygorskite has the function of nutrients carrier. First, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed, by XRD, XRF, SEM and separation of sand, silt and clay fractions. Sedimentation and phosphorus adsorption experiments were also performed, with determination of kinetic curve. After the analysis of XRD, results shown that the sample consists mainly of palygorskite and dolomite. Illite, chlorite and quartz are also presented. It was also possible to see that the different types of disaggregation used showed no significant differences in the diffractograms of the samples. The sand-silt-clay separation, although only based on the size of the material, showed a reasonable efficiency for material separation, as the sedimentation tests, where it was noticed that after a 24 hours period, dolomite had disappeared from the supernatant. Determination of kinetic curve revealed that the adsorption period of 2 hours is not sufficient for phosphorus adsorption, requiring 24 hours to reach the reaction equilibrium. Sorption tests showed efficiency higher than 91% of the initial phosphorus present in solution, and the maximum quantity adsorbed per gram of sample was 0.607 mg. The correlation with the adsorption isotherm models studied, showed better results for Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm, with correlation coefficient of 0.9993, which can be attributed to the fact that adsorption occurs in more than one layer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cotidiano dos "silêncios": momentos de plantio em agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) FERNANDES, Daniel dos Santos
Thisvideo shows thedailylifeof a family in agriculturalworkandon a dayofthemonthofNovember 2016, basedonthelogicoffamilyfarming. The video uses as spacesthespacesofthe Souza family, momentsofthemother, thechildren, thefatherandthecousins. Located in thevillageof Areia Branca, municipalityof Santa Izabel do Pará / Pará. A SONY camera, model DSC - H50, wasusedto capture theimages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimensionamento de soluções acústicas para máquina aplicada à extração de fibras do pseudocaule da bananeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-28) SILVA, Geanilson Brito da; MESQUITA, Alexandre Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3605920981600245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-8381
The Lake Tucuruí Integration Region (RI) stands out for its banana production in the state of Pará, making it one of the main producers of the fruit. However, the income of farmers in the region with banana production is restricted only to the sale of the fruit, discarding the other parts of the banana tree, which can be used to manufacture products with higher added value. With the use mainly of the fibers of the banana pseudo-stem, several products can be generated, boosting the development of banana cultivation in the region and promoting an increase in employment and income. Aiming at this socioeconomic growth of the RI Lago de Tucuruí, the present work presents, in its first part, an analysis of the fiber extraction machine of the banana pseudo-stem at the Federal University of Pará, Campus de Tucuruí, which will serve the small producers and cooperatives of farmers in the region. In the operation of the machine, it was found that it has noise problems. The sound pressure levels measured around the machine are above the normative limits. Thus, studies were carried out to define acoustic solutions aimed at solving the problem. In the second part, the main focus of this work is to present the acoustic solutions for the fiber extraction machine, including the specification of vibration isolators, replacement of the electric motor fan and dimensioning of the partial enclosure of the machine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica do processo de inovação do açaí: a trajetória de pesquisa e desenvolvimento do BRS-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-28) GUIMARÃES, Camilla Maria Cavalcante; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
In Pará state açaí is the main product of the fruit-growing, generating an approximate value of R $ 677.2 million. With the expansion of production for upland areas, came the difficulty of standardization and homogeneity of production and thus lower quality. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Federal institute Embrapa Amazônia Oriental developed through genetic breeding the BRS-Pará, first crop for solid ground, with high productivity, early production and production in the off-season. Thus, the research aimed to analyze the process of innovation and profitability of BRS-Pará breeding. For the construction of this analysis it was necessary to characterize the BRS-Pará product developed by EMBRAPA, from the conception of the idea to product development, where were used for the analysis. The technological structure, productive and reproductive problems that gave origin to BRS-Pará were analyzed, through interviews with the technicians responsible for the development of farming. The perspective used to understand the process of innovation and technological came from Lundvall, Freeman, Cassiolato who argues that the process occurs from the interaction between different actors, institutions, support mechanisms and research work in collaboration to facilitate this process. At last, were collected accounting and production data of a farm that works with Açaí BRS-Pará crops, evaluating profitability, productivity and balance point of BRS-Pará crops. To understand the phenomenon we used the notion of paradigms and technological trajectories, based on the notion of Dosi and Nelson, however Costa perspective (2009) was highlighted to be a necessary contextualization of the natural environment in the formation and constitution of paradigms and their trajectories. The production unit analyzed is included in the T5 concept, path defined by Costa, as part of the patriarchal system, where there is an intensive land use and landscape homogenization. The study showed high level of profitability, because the crop enables revenue generation in the period between harvests, when prices rise, as well as the benefits of irrigation for the development of production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia global e vivência local na Amazônia: mineração e campesinato em São Pedro, município de Juruti - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CASTRO, Isabela Andrade de; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
In this thesis we present a survey of the interference suffered by the community São Pedro in Juruti, west of Pará state, since the beginning of the installation of the mining activity in the town. At the beginning of the 21st. century installing Juruti project by ALCOA, triggered a series of local and regional transformations that linked the rise to global mining economy. Our analysis focuses on rural areas, especially the processes experienced by the community São Pedro, who received from the licensing of mining projects for rural development, for example Pajiroba the project, the project of raising chickens and FUNBIO funded the extraction 's project EMATER. Featuring the form of implementation of these projects are designed to analyze how development policies for rural areas in Brazil, which has always meant the peasantry as a synonym for delay, a living space to be developed through investments in agricultural projects. This strategy which, according to our research, ignores the specificity of the peasantry in the Amazon, thus tending to limitations that go beyond agriculture, because confronting a complex way of life that has diversified to continue to exist.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas e do uso da terra no cultivo de cacau no bioma amazônico brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) IGAWA, Tassio Koiti; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
“Climate change” has become an increasingly recurrent theme in intergovernmental meetings, as it suggests the establishment of a new normal, with the potential to challenge plant species and their ability to survive under conditions not analogous to current ones. Agriculture is one of the sectors of human activity most vulnerable to climate change, with some studies indicating that climate change could cause a reduction in world agricultural production. Thus, it is necessary to prepare interdisciplinary works in order to measure the possible effects caused by climate change to this productive sector. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the impacts of climate change and land use on cocoa cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon biome in 2050. In general, the results indicated that there will be a clear loss of suitability for the occurrence of cocoa in the scenarios and with that, there may be an increase in areas not recommended for cocoa cultivation. The areas of high and medium potential for cocoa production will be located, mainly, in the state of Rondônia and in the northeast of the state of Pará in both scenarios analyzed (RCP4.5 and 8.5). In addition, it was possible to identify probable significant losses in production of 92.92 and 95.28% in scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. This could affect about 20,550 establishments, that is, thousands of rural producers. Therefore, it was concluded that climate change will have a negative impact on cocoa production in the Brazilian Amazon biome.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Etnografia e manejo de recursos naturais pelos índios Deni, Amazonas, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009-03) PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; CHAVES, Rodrigo Pádua
Studies concerning the use of multiple natural resources by Amazonian indians are scarce. This work presents a portrait of how the Deni Indians, inhabitants of an area between two of the most important white-water rivers of the Amazon basin (Juruá and Purus Rivers), exploit natural resources in their territory. The Deni exploit both the upland and floodplain forests. They are a mix of horticulturalists and hunter-gatherers, using their whole territory to obtain what they need to live. As a rule, they move their settlements periodically, avoiding local resource depletion. The Deni modify the landscape at a local level, causing an increase in resource availability. Abandoned villages, fruit orchards and crops are places where floristic and faunistic resources concentrate and are systematically exploited. The impacts of such management are apparently minimal. For the Deni society natural resources are the only way to get goods for survival, but it is inserted in the periphery of a capitalist system which exploits and will continue to exploit natural resources in order to produce a surplus for the acquisition of industrialized products, independently of external judgements. This should be the starting point to evaluate sustainability in this local management system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Guiados pelo raciocínio e pela razão”: ciência e modernidade a serviço da agricultura paraense (1908-1929)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022) SANTOS, Francisnaldo Sousa dos; NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125313573133140
This thesis seeks to discuss the implementation of a new development model designed for agriculture in Pará at the beginning of the 20th century. Especially from the second term of governor Augusto Montenegro onwards, a change of orientation is observed, no longer exclusively focused on the creation of colonial nuclei and their consequent occupation by foreign settlers, but also focused on the qualification of these agricultural workers. In other words, the quality of labor for the field gained more and more importance. With the help of science, public agents then sought the technical qualification of the farmer through agricultural education in institutions such as experimental stations and demonstration fields or through mobile agricultural education. This new methodology required the creation, in 1908, of a section dedicated exclusively to agriculture and livestock within the Secretariat of Public Works, Lands and Transport, showing a close approximation between the state and the agricultural elite of Pará, since the representative of this patronage, the Marajoara farmer José Ferreira Teixeira, took over the direction of the 4th Section of Agriculture. The publication of the magazine A Lavoura Paraense, which circulated between 1908 and 1912, portrayed this new moment well in its pages. One of the objectives of public agents was to overcome monoculture and develop other products, especially when rubber exports showed signs of crisis, making agriculture increasingly relevant to the Pará economy in the first decades of the 20th century. In addition to the fear of sustaining an entire economy based on a single product, we can point out not only the unsatisfactory results with the old model of agricultural development that had been adopted since the mid-nineteenth century, but also the entire increase that the Museum underwent. Paraense from the arrival of the Swiss Emílio Goeldi and his successor in the direction of this institution, the also Swiss Jacques Huber. However, the promising expectation regarding the modernizing wave for the countryside, based on the rationalization of agricultural practices from the current agronomic precepts of the time, did not actually materialize, since the extractive sector remained high compared to the agricultural sector, with highlights at the end of the 1920s for some products such as rice and cotton.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pelo bem da agricultura e do comércio: as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas no mundo rural do Centro-Norte (1780-1810)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-26) BARBOSA, Carlos Eduardo Costa; NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125313573133140
The last decades of the 18th century were an important moment for the economy of Grão-Pará. Influenced by the external situation that gave it opportunities for greater development of its endogenous productive and commercial sector. During this period, the captaincy of Grão-Pará became important for the Crown's interests in colonial territory. From Belém, commercial communications should be established with the captaincies of Mato Grosso and Goiás, guaranteeing territorial integrity and maintaining exports of colonial goods to Portugal. However, several issues arose that made it difficult to execute the planned actions, mainly in connection with Goiás. The Goiás villages were experiencing a systemic crisis after the collapse of mine production and were demanding a transition to an agricultural-based economy. Trade with Grão-Pará was seen as a solution to the problem of lack of goods and credit. Official documentation shows that the authorities were taking all possible measures to encourage agricultural activity, both for supplies and for export, but with few results. However, traders from Pará were reluctant after becoming aware of the real state of those villages. The Portuguese State, through its representatives, sought to develop the region by resuming its settlement policies based on prisons and records and agricultural development, granting tax exemptions and other benefits to settlers. Thus, we can see that the measures taken by both captaincies contributed to the creation of a wide-ranging commercial scheme throughout the Araguaia-Tocantins region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de agricultores familiares na adaptação do sistema de cultivo de corte e trituração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-06-11) OLIVEIRA, Carlos Douglas de Sousa; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118
The difficult that small farmers have to obtain tecnologies generated from institutions of the science and tecnology is related with the difficult that researchers have to include the small farmers in their researches but that is not the main problem. The principal problem is the absent from the projects which trouble about to articulate with the cognitive system from small farmers. In this research it was searched to interprete the perception from small farmers on the system of the cultivation from the slash-andmulch proposed by SHIFT project in the northeast of Pará State. Several experiments were accomplised to compare slash-and-burn and slash-and-mulch system at beginning of the perception of the small farmers. It was focussed mainly the management of the work and control from invadeness in the cleared land prepared. The datas more relevant from research were obtained across the attendence of the prepare of the cleared land from the six small farmers. In this moment we can know the tradicional knowledge used in the slash-burn-system. So can appraise that slash and mulch does not present components which unpracticable its articulation with the tradicional knowledge.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perspectivas de desenvolvimento municipal em Igarapé-Açu, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-26) SILVA, Evandro Ladislau da; MITSCHEIN, Thomas Adalbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431424927108512
The goal of the present work is to analyze the current agricultural and cattle raising developmental situation at the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, and to suggest sustainable development strategic paths based on local potentials, opportunities, and on the views of the local political leaders. This research particularly examines, based on data gathered from participatory approach workshop, the main tendencies and difficulties to the municipality development process. Raises the question of which are the sustainable development possibilities at a region strongly influenced by one of the oldest Amazonian occupation processes of the region. This analysis locus is at the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, located at the northeast region of the State of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas agroecológicas na transformação de paisagens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-22) AVIZ, Larissa Beatriz da Silva; CONDURÚ, Marise Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6085807397296909; SIMÕES, Aquiles Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0471255070027912
This dissertation aimed to analyze how the agroecological practices, developed by the farmers of the Group for Agroecological Consumption, contribute to the transformation of the landscape and the constitution of socioagrobiodiversity. To achieve the proposed objective, the research, of qualitative approach, was carried out through field research with participant observation. In order to understand the farmers' ways of life and their relationship with natural resources, I adopted the cinematographic record of exploration. The analyses took place based on two stages that complement each other: satellite images and the life history of farmers in order to understand the changes in the landscape. The results of this work show that the agroecological practices of GRUCA’s farmers are alternatives for transforming landscapes degraded by predatory economic activities into agrobiodiverse landscapes. These farmers have, in their history, the presence of peasant agriculture, in such a way that some present a continuity of peasant agriculture; others, of resumption, while others have found, in agriculture, an alternative way of life. It is also noteworthy that the farmers' agroecological practices were perfected based on their life trajectories, interaction with natural, technical, and financial resources, and a network of people and social movements available in the territory. This perspective is reflected in the diversity of practices and also of landscapes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A semente da colonização: um estudo sobre a Colônia Agrícola Benevides (Pará, 1870-1889)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957
This dissertation focuses on the agricultural colonization in the State of Pará (Brazil) in the last decades of the nineteenth-century, taking as reference the locality of Benevides. It examines not only the interests concerned in the ways of occupation, the principles which presided over the selection of the colonial areas, the types of planting, size and distribution of the land, but also the way the settlers understood these processes. Thus, we assume that the occupation of these colonies reflected the relationship between the laws and official measures designed to manage them, and the way of life adopted by the settlers themselves.