Navegando por Assunto "Agricultura familiar - Amazônia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amêndoa de cacau de alta qualidade na Transamazônica: as práticas dos agricultores familiares em função das exigências do mercado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-24) ZAMORIM, Brenda Glaude Arrais Cruz; ROCHA, Carla Giovana Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6995325935325969
This study seeks to analyze the changes occurred in the practices for producing cocoa nuts by organic cooperated families according to market requirements and high quality in the Transamazônia region. In field research, there were conducted interviews to 47 organic cooperated families from the cities of Pacajá, Brasil Novo and Medicilândia, taken as illustrative of the regional reality of biophysical properties and cocoa's production practices. Initially it was made the characterization of the recent practices used by the families, correlating them to benefits obtained (Production of High Quality Cocoa Nuts´- ACOAQ), construction of infrastructure for fermentation-“coxo”, construction of stove or noncover stove-“barcaça”, production and utilization of organic inputs) and the limiting difficulties to carry out the activities, according to the recommendations of the organic cooperatives. For the study of the variations in the practices, there were conducted semi-structured interviews for a sample of 11 families; the information taken was used to identify the evolutionary trajectories of the agricultural establishments, with emphasis in the cocoa subsystems and its practices. It was corroborate in this stage of the research the presence of 4 different groups of evolutionary trajectories, classified by the characteristics of the practices used in the cocoa systems: (i) the ones with stable production of ACOAQ; (ii) the unstable in the production of ACOAQ; (iii) the ones which are passing through difficulties in the production of ACOAQ; and (iv) the ones who need some adjustments to produce ACOAQ. The research concludes that the organic markets and the practices to obtain high quality cocoa nuts influence the cooperated families in different ways; these families could: a) improve their production and attend the market with the production of ACOAQ and maintain the fertility of the plantation; b) limit the production of the ACOAQ, because of reduced workforce for the activities and prioritizes the ACC (Conventional Cocoa Nut) production; c) rebalances the systems by excluding the ACOAQ production, and substituting for ACC production because of lack of working capital for immediate payment of produced cocoa nuts; d) does not attend these markets because they seek to avoid imbalance between the subsystems by excluding chemical inputs, or changing the cocoa subsystem by using chemical fertilizers because of productivity or poor workforce, or because they are recently organic cooperators that exclude chemical inputs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Motivações de agricultores familiares para recuperação florestal em duas comunidades ribeirinhas em Paragominas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) BESSA, Mayara Suellen Costa; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904
With increasing environmental degradation, forest restoration initiatives have seen increased adoption globally, with particularly high numbers of new policies and programs in Brazil. The Brazilian Forest Code was revised in 2012 and the National Policy for the Recovery of Native Vegetation was published in 2017. Additionally, Pará state has launched its Environmental Regularization Program (PRA). Environmental restoration actions depend on the active participation of local communities. It is therefore essential to understand what factors motivate farmers to engage in ecosystem restoration. Here, we analyze motives for, and barriers against family farmers engaging in forest restoration on their properties. We conducted a field survey, consisting of a semi-open questionnaire, in Paragominas, a municipality that resides in the southeastern Amazonian state of Pará. We assessed the understanding and acceptance of the rules contained within the Brazilian National Policy for Protection of Native Vegetation (known as Forest Code), along with the participants' perceptions of natural resources and motivations for forest restoration. Two riverine communities, Nazaré and São Sebastião, located in the Capim River region, in the north of Paragominas were surveyed. Governmental forest restoration initiatives, including forest nurseries, have previously been implemented in these communities through the restoration program called “Pará Florestal” (PF) coordinated by the state institute IDEFLOR-Bio. To contextualize the restoration initiatives being developed in the studied region, we conducted interviews with employees of IDEFLOR-BIO and EMATER, the two institutions involved in the Pará Florestal Program. We used a Multiple Correspondence Analysis to identify factors which motivate smallholders to engage in forest restoration. Willingness to participate in forest restoration was not limited to those who were formally participating in the PF. However, PF participants appeared to be more connected with local biodiversity, as they cited more species to be potentially useful in restoration initiatives they also saw fewer obstacles to forest restoration. Contrary to expectations, the lowest interest in forest restoration was associated with younger people (<45 years) that had elementary education and smaller families (<4 people), indicating the need for greater incentives for this group. This study highlights a lack of confidence in restoration programs mainly due to failure of past initiatives in the region. The importance of continuity in the technical assistance provided to farmers was emphasized, along with the importance of promoting capacity building for forestry and increasing the potential for economic revenues from agroforestry systems. The results of this research indicate the need to consider the profile of smallholder families to guide programs and ensure success in forest restoration. Additionally, more incentives are necessary for ecological restoration to have a better balance between agricultural production and ecosystem services provision.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de serviços ecossistêmicos por agricultores familiares na Amazônia Oriental: subsídios para a restauração florestal.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-30) ALMEIDA, Áurea Silva; COUDEL, Emilie Suzanne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3299840369978601; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904
The agroforest systems are commonly recommended to family farmers who seeks to recover degraded areas. The use of this agriculture production system is relevant not only because it offers a proved diversity in ecosystem services, but also because it already is a traditional alternative to itinerant agriculture. Due to the lack of studies about de sociocultural dimension of ecosystem services and the benefits of agroforest system areas, we seek to evaluate in this work the perception and comprehension of northeast Pará family farmers about these. Pursuing this target, we realize the categorization of forest recovery strategies from a primary data collection – interviews, semi structured questionnaire, illustrated questionnaire anf Likert Scale – within the Irituia (PA) residents. Through the relative perception based on the Likert scale application, we noticed that the agricultures recognize the benefits accruing from agroforest systems and natural landscapes. Not only, had the studied group demonstrated high perception of ecosystem services in all proposed categories in the Millennium ecosystem evaluation. Furthermore, the group of agricultures with a smaller area of forest reserve and bigger area of agroforest systems is related to higher perceptions about the ecosystem services. The result suggest that a lost in forest area, in the individual level, probably drives to a higher sense about the benefits of natural systems and then, for those, the increment in agroforest system areas constitutes an attempt to return to functions and benefits lost through environmental degradation over time. The biggest motivations to forest recovery through agroforest systems, named by the farmers, were food security and commodities trade. Was also possible to identify that the agricultures of northeast Pará have an understanding that agroforest systems use contributes to recover degraded areas. Otherwise, the high perception about ecosystem services did not reflect in the plants diversity. In general, we can say that support programs are necessary to strengthen the agroforest systems capacity of provide ecosystem services and increase the biodiversity conservation.