Navegando por Assunto "Agriculture"

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Etnografia e manejo de recursos naturais pelos índios Deni, Amazonas, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009-03) PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; CHAVES, Rodrigo Pádua
Studies concerning the use of multiple natural resources by Amazonian indians are scarce. This work presents a portrait of how the Deni Indians, inhabitants of an area between two of the most important white-water rivers of the Amazon basin (Juruá and Purus Rivers), exploit natural resources in their territory. The Deni exploit both the upland and floodplain forests. They are a mix of horticulturalists and hunter-gatherers, using their whole territory to obtain what they need to live. As a rule, they move their settlements periodically, avoiding local resource depletion. The Deni modify the landscape at a local level, causing an increase in resource availability. Abandoned villages, fruit orchards and crops are places where floristic and faunistic resources concentrate and are systematically exploited. The impacts of such management are apparently minimal. For the Deni society natural resources are the only way to get goods for survival, but it is inserted in the periphery of a capitalist system which exploits and will continue to exploit natural resources in order to produce a surplus for the acquisition of industrialized products, independently of external judgements. This should be the starting point to evaluate sustainability in this local management system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Guiados pelo raciocínio e pela razão”: ciência e modernidade a serviço da agricultura paraense (1908-1929)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022) SANTOS, Francisnaldo Sousa dos; NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125313573133140
This thesis seeks to discuss the implementation of a new development model designed for agriculture in Pará at the beginning of the 20th century. Especially from the second term of governor Augusto Montenegro onwards, a change of orientation is observed, no longer exclusively focused on the creation of colonial nuclei and their consequent occupation by foreign settlers, but also focused on the qualification of these agricultural workers. In other words, the quality of labor for the field gained more and more importance. With the help of science, public agents then sought the technical qualification of the farmer through agricultural education in institutions such as experimental stations and demonstration fields or through mobile agricultural education. This new methodology required the creation, in 1908, of a section dedicated exclusively to agriculture and livestock within the Secretariat of Public Works, Lands and Transport, showing a close approximation between the state and the agricultural elite of Pará, since the representative of this patronage, the Marajoara farmer José Ferreira Teixeira, took over the direction of the 4th Section of Agriculture. The publication of the magazine A Lavoura Paraense, which circulated between 1908 and 1912, portrayed this new moment well in its pages. One of the objectives of public agents was to overcome monoculture and develop other products, especially when rubber exports showed signs of crisis, making agriculture increasingly relevant to the Pará economy in the first decades of the 20th century. In addition to the fear of sustaining an entire economy based on a single product, we can point out not only the unsatisfactory results with the old model of agricultural development that had been adopted since the mid-nineteenth century, but also the entire increase that the Museum underwent. Paraense from the arrival of the Swiss Emílio Goeldi and his successor in the direction of this institution, the also Swiss Jacques Huber. However, the promising expectation regarding the modernizing wave for the countryside, based on the rationalization of agricultural practices from the current agronomic precepts of the time, did not actually materialize, since the extractive sector remained high compared to the agricultural sector, with highlights at the end of the 1920s for some products such as rice and cotton.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pelo bem da agricultura e do comércio: as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas no mundo rural do Centro-Norte (1780-1810)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-26) BARBOSA, Carlos Eduardo Costa; NUNES, Francivaldo Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4125313573133140
The last decades of the 18th century were an important moment for the economy of Grão-Pará. Influenced by the external situation that gave it opportunities for greater development of its endogenous productive and commercial sector. During this period, the captaincy of Grão-Pará became important for the Crown's interests in colonial territory. From Belém, commercial communications should be established with the captaincies of Mato Grosso and Goiás, guaranteeing territorial integrity and maintaining exports of colonial goods to Portugal. However, several issues arose that made it difficult to execute the planned actions, mainly in connection with Goiás. The Goiás villages were experiencing a systemic crisis after the collapse of mine production and were demanding a transition to an agricultural-based economy. Trade with Grão-Pará was seen as a solution to the problem of lack of goods and credit. Official documentation shows that the authorities were taking all possible measures to encourage agricultural activity, both for supplies and for export, but with few results. However, traders from Pará were reluctant after becoming aware of the real state of those villages. The Portuguese State, through its representatives, sought to develop the region by resuming its settlement policies based on prisons and records and agricultural development, granting tax exemptions and other benefits to settlers. Thus, we can see that the measures taken by both captaincies contributed to the creation of a wide-ranging commercial scheme throughout the Araguaia-Tocantins region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quando os paus de fruta da mata viram plantas: o amálgama entre a agricultura e floresta na Resex Arióca Pruanã, Oeiras do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-30) SILVA JUNIOR, Amintas Lopes da; SANTOS, Sonia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101
The present study is a research, undertaken from a qualitative approach, about the food use of wild plant species by the people of the Melancial Village, one of the greatest human agglomerations of the Arióca Pruanã Extractivist Reserve, at Pará State. The wild food plant species are all listed as producers of edible fruits. Were registered management, collect, prepare and consume practices for these species, as well as the role of the family members in each one of the coted steps. Were undertaken efforts for understanding the factors that lead people to collect and consuming these species and register the knowledge that those people have about them. In addition, was sought to verify if these species are in some way threatened. It was found that the strategies of obtaining food are diversified in Melancial and match each other in a complex calendar that herein includes activities as agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry, hunting, collect of wild fruits and buying groceries. However, if these activities have in common the objective of ensuring the access to food, they too are found imbricate at the daily practices, which, in its whole, result in landscape management. The repertory of knowledge required to the maintenance of the lifestyle of the villagers from Melancial extrapolates that strictly related to the flora and fauna species. This outline includes yet the capacity of analyzing climatic, pedological, topographic and hydrographic phenomena, in a context marked by distinct practices and social events, in addition to ways of resource appropriation. Factors such as the esteem for the fruits and the maintenance of belonging and identity links condition as well as physiological and economic factors the choice for the wild fruits in the families’ diet. The work sexual segregation evidences itself subtly at the management, collect, prepare and consume steps of the wild fruits. Except for the wood exploitation, there are no threats for these wild food plant species. The domain over the territory seems to be circumscribing itself increasingly to the limits of the community area. The yards and orchards stand as interface between agriculture and extractivism. The agriculture depends on the forest and reconfigures it in “capoeiras” and orchards, such as the forest penetrates at the yards as the wild plant species are introduced therein by human hands. The result of this management is the agroforestry of the landscape, visible face of the amalgam between agriculture and forest.