Navegando por Assunto "Amazônia Brasileira"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Antes tinha peixe e não tinha essas coisas, agora tem essas coisas e não tem peixe”: considerações sobre a atividade pesqueira artesanal na Vila dos Pescadores, Bragança – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-30) SILVA, Adriana Batista Cecim da; ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7555559649274791
The present study deals with the artisanal fishing activity carried out on the north Brazilian coast, by residents of Vila dos Pescadores, located in the Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX Mar) of Caeté-Taperaçú, in the municipality of Bragança - Pará. The research aims to characterize this activity, identifying the types of fisheries, the target species and the impacts that threaten the productive capacity of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen. For that, I tried to identify the main factors of change and the strategies of continuity of the activity, using as methodology the literature review and the field research with ethnographic techniques from semi-structured interviews with fishermen and public sector agents; collection of secondary data through literature review and documental research, and the use of photographic records of the community's daily activities, fishing work and rituals. Lúcia Helena Cunha (2013) mentions that traditional knowledge and modernity are in a complementary relationship, where both undergo changes and are re-signified. Such resignification is also pointed out by Marshall Sahlins (1997). Thus, the results indicate that the modernization of fishing technologies and the construction of Highway PA 458 are presented as the main factors of change, stimulating overfishing and overfishing that interfere, especially in fisheries carried out in the estuary and close to the beach. This set of factors influences the decrease in harvests, harms the use of traditional fishing technologies and affects sociocultural aspects of the group, such as the practice of sharing fish in the port, called kial, carried out by fishermen when they return from fishing - this fish, before intended only for food, it is now marketed as an alternative source of income. The analyzes indicate that the impacts on artisanal fishing can influence the circularity of ecological knowledge essential to the sustainability of this activity when young people move away from fishing and other people turn to extractive practices as subsistence strategies in order to guarantee food security for families. Some of these actions allow the continuity and resignification of local traditional knowledge that guide the ways of interacting with the environment, but others can negatively affect the mangrove ecosystem and local sociocultural practices. Furthermore, the creation of the Marine RESEX did not prevent predatory fishing and overfishing, due to the weak performance of the State in the implementation of an efficient fisheries management system that delimits the areas of activity of artisanal/commercial and semi-industrial fishing (sometimes operating in an unsustainable way in areas far from the coast using fishing net "apoitada" and/or trawl nets) and are in line with the interests of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen in the community, based on a dialogic relationship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidades resilientes, áreas verdes e adaptação às mudanças climáticas: uma contribuição ao cadastro ambiental urbano no município de Barcarena–Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-06) PAIVA, Bárbara Souza; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446474471044694; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-2429; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-4335
This research aims to contribute to the discussion on resilient cities adapted to climate change in the face of global warming and El Niño. In this context, a strategic resource for addressing this reality is the use of green areas as nature-based solutions, due to their environmental and social benefits. This study analyzes land use planning, vegetation, alignment of environmental policies, the municipal Master Plan, the institutionalization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 11, 13, and 15), and adaptation to the New Urban Agenda adopted by the management of the municipality of Barcarena, PA. To do so, a methodology of systematic literature review was employed on urban planning, environmental management, green areas, nature-based solutions, environmental legislation, global and local agendas, and the theme of resilient cities in adaptation and mitigation to climate change. In order to understand the territory, the study produced primary data through the mapping of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) in the thirty neighborhoods of the municipality and its surroundings (approximately 3 km) between 2016 and 2023. Remote sensing techniques and geoprocessing were used, processed in Google Earth Engine and QGIS software for spatial analysis, statistics, cartographic productions, graphs, and area calculations. Current urbanized area data show that vegetation has decreased and occupies 144.56 km2 (54% of the total area). Hydrography remained stable at 57.48 km2 (representing 22% of the total). Exposed soil increased to 26.22 km2 (10%). The urbanized area grew and occupies 17.62 km2 (7%). The current industrial-mining-port complex covers 18 km2 (7%). Regarding the 30 neighborhoods, current data shows that vegetation has decreased and occupies 21.36 km2 (41.51% of the total area). The urbanized area expanded and occupies 18.94 km2 (36.80%). Exposed soil increased to 11.15 km2 (21.67%). Meanwhile, hydrography remained unchanged at 0.01 km2 (0.02%). The study reveals a Vegetation Coverage Index (VCI) of 10.97%, indicating a decline in greenery, and low thermal comfort with the Vegetation Coverage Heat Index (VCHI) at around 9.66 m2/inhabitant, has heat islands. The research proposes as a product: data, maps, and methodology for the elaboration of the Urban Environmental Registry, to contribute to the alignment of municipal management with the State Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation and with the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. It aims to be a tool to aid in future environmental zoning and the next Master Plan Review, with actions focused on the city's resilience, in the face of worsening climate crisis, aiming to contribute to the promotion of urban environmental quality and quality of life, for local sustainable development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Etnoecologia da pesca na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho do Anfrísio - Terra do Meio, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
This article presents some ethnoecological aspects of the fishing activity in Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve, a protected area (PA) located in the municipality of Altamira, State of Pará, Brazil. This PA was created in 2004 through a joint initiative of the riverines and Transamazonian Highway and Xingu social movements. Fishing is one of the most important productive activities in this extractive reserve. By using ethnoecological methods this study addresses the cosmologies and the knowledge related to the use of fish for subsistence and commercial purposes. Our results showed that the riverine people demonstrate a high level of knowledge regarding their ecosystems and the fish biodiversity, which must be considered part of the local biocultural heritage. This knowledge must be also integrated in the conservation strategies taken place in that region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Guardiães de saberes quilombolas da Amazônia brasileira: relações entre mulheres, território, memórias e plantas no Médio Itacuruçá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-17) CARVALHO, Silviane Couto de; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This dissertation focuses on studying the relationships that women from the quilombola community Igarapé São João in Médio Itacuruçá establish with the plants and herbs they cultivate. I turn to the knowledge, practices and worldviews historically arising from the management and cultivation of a diversity of plant species and fruit trees, medicinal herbs, roots, tree bark, vegetables and greens. Production that promotes the local and municipal economy, in addition to being a source of food supply and different forms of use by families in this community. The place of study where I carried out the ethnographic research is the riverside and quilombola community of Igarapé São João, in the Middle Itacuruçá, located in the municipality of Abaetetuba, in the region of the islands, a rural area in the state of Pará, Amazon, northern region of Brazil. Ethnography is one of the paths of qualitative research as it comprises the study based on direct observation of the customary living practices of a particular group of people (Mattos, 2011). Therefore, I used participant observation, ethnobiography (Gonçalves, 2012) and writing (Evaristo, 2020), with a view to capturing the experience lived by the interlocutors of this research. Between illnesses, observation of backyards, reports about home remedies and plants, in addition to my childhood memories, experiences and coexistence in the quilombola community of Médio Itacuruçá, I noticed the diversity of knowledge acquired and transmitted by women. In the face of a global environmental crisis and the confrontation of environmental conflicts (monoculture of oil palm and livestock), the agroforestry system used by traditional populations, including riverside and quilombola populations, is of paramount importance for the maintenance of life and biodiversity.