Navegando por Assunto "Animais silvestres - Amazônia"

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O papel de mamíferos de médio e grande porte como modificadores do habitat na Amazônia Ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12) BORGES, Luiz Henrique Medeiros; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-9678; SILVA, Carlos Augusto Peres da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9267735737569372; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-8765
Medium to large-bodied terrestrial mammals have a wide diversity of forms, life history, behaviour, physiology, and consequently a high diversity of ecological roles played in natural and human-modified ecosystems. Ecological functions such as seed dispersal, seed predation, pollination, population control, nutrient cycling and transport, and ecosystem engineering help maintain tropical ecosystems and regulate species diversity. Ecosystem engineers are species that by their presence and/or activity alter the biotic and abiotic environment, modulating the availability of resources and modifying habitat structure for other species. The way organisms can affect each other is diverse and occurs mainly through ecological interactions such as predation, competition and commensalism or facilitation, which in turn encompass several ecological processes such as pollination, dispersal, herbivory and prey control. The first chapter of this thesis assessed the role of Priodontes maximus (Giant Armadillo; tatu canastra) as an ecosystem engineer in southwestern Amazonian forests. Our results showed that a wide diversity of terrestrial vertebrates benefit from P. maximus burrows. Sites with high local diversity tend to increase the amount of interactions between vertebrate species and armadillo burrows. In addition, we identified the purpose for which most vertebrates use the burrows of this large excavator, showing that the interaction established in the burrows is broadly and strongly connected for a variety of purposes. In the second chapter of this thesis, I examine how medium and large-bodied mammals can interfere with the regeneration process of man-made treefall clearings formed by low-impact selective logging in southwestern Amazonia. Based on the relative abundance of species, damage to artificial seedlings was measured within both clearings and otherwise comparable shaded-understorey environments. Based on the results, I can infer that medium and large mammals affect seedling recruitment process in clearings. The impact of mammal-induced seedling mortality (via trampling and/or herbivory) is much greater within natural and logging clearings than in closed understorey environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trilha de pesquisador e trilha de morador: análise comparativa para o monitoramento da fauna em duas unidades de conservação na Terra do Meio, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Paola Maria Feio; ENDO, Whaldener; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8408566223923754; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4398; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The Amazon has a high diversity of medium and large vertebrates, which are essential for forest dynamics. They stand out for being the most hunted by local human populations and, as a result, it is likely that changes in the composition, wealth and abundance of this group of animals will occur throughout the territory. This human-animal interaction creates disturbances for both parties, reducing the chances of direct or indirect encounters, causing losses to the subsistence hunting of local communities. Due to this situation, the ability of wildlife to persist in areas of varying human densities is discussed, especially in protected areas, and it is necessary to establish monitoring programs to understand and deal with the threats mentioned above. This work sought to evaluate the feasibility of using trails of residents (TM) for monitoring vertebrates, comparing the results obtained in trails of researcher of the protocol TEAM (TPt) and trails of researcher of the Minimum Protocol (TPm). An Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis, rarefaction curves and richness demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the composition of species obtained in TM, TPt and TPm. Despite the significant difference between the areas, the richness and abundance data in TPt were more stable among all registered species, in addition to showing a similarity with the richness and abundance data obtained in TM. Therefore, it is possible that future monitoring actions may take place in the trails of residents present in extractive reserves.