Navegando por Assunto "Animal em cativeiro"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação de emissões vocais de macacos-prego (Cebus apella, Primate, Cebidae) a contextos comportamentais em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MARQUES, Karoline Luiza Sarges; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The vocalization is an important form of communication in primates, because the majority of the species lives in dense forests, what makes difficult visual communication at a distance. The Cebus apella species presents a rich vocal repertoire contextualized to diverse behaviors, as feeding, foraging, predators avoidance, contact, copulation, and others. Aiming to elaborate a vocalization data base of sixteen Cebus apella captive subjects, we collected, at the Experimental School for Primates biotery of Federal University of Pará, vocalizations emitted in natural occurrences (agonism, contact) and in designed experiments (individual meal and alarm). The vocalizations were recorded, edited, and the sonograms were made and analysed. At least ten distinct vocal emissions, grouped in different contexts (feeding, alarm, agonism and contact) and the behaviors without vocalizations were mapped. Our data confirmed that Cebus apella species, own an extensive vocal repertoire, with different calls associated to particular behaviors, exhibit sexual differences in calls and sound unity combinations, in agreement with indications of the cerebral plasticity and the social complexity of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do efeito dos principais itens da dieta natural de Astronotus ocellatus (Cuvier, 1829) da Reserva Mamirauá (AM, Brasil) sobre a sua coloração reprodutiva em ambiente artificial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CHAVES, Rui Alves; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
In order to test the influence of feeding items in the coloration of acara-açus the present study was carried through two stages. The first one aimed the identification of the main alimentary groups of Astronotus ocellatus diet through the analysis of the stomachal and intestine research. Secondly, it aimed to compare the effect caused by the different groups of diet, in an artificial environment, on the red coloration and the acquisition of corporal mass of the tested individuals. At the first stage the activities had been developed in the Reserve of Sustainable Development Mamirauá (RDSM) were 216 individuals. After the preservation of the digestive tracts these were analyzed qualitatively, under the microscope. The diet items found in the contents had been classified using broad categories such as: molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish and vegetables, as well as unknown material. The length of the first sexual maturation was calculated. The variation of the water level in the RDSM during the period of the study was obtained from Mamirauá Institute. The in-dake index for each food item was calculated by the product of the frequency of relative occurrence and relative weight of each item and the total of products for all itens identified. The main itens identified were fish, insects and molluscs. Twenty individuals of Astronotus ocellatus had been captured in Marajó Island in febrary/2006, and placed in fifteen (15) glass tanks at the aquacultive station of Utinga (Belém, Pará). On the basis of the results from the first stage and on current literature, five diet treatments were designed for the experiment: T1 - Commercial formula (control); T2 - Fish; T3 - Molluscs, T4 - Insects; T5 - Crustaceans. The analysis of the Index of Intensity of Red Coloration was based on the comparison of the levels of intensity of proportionate color for specific software, and the Index of Increment of the Red Coloration of oceli and the diffuse lateral coloration were calculated. The diet treatment with molluscs resulted in the largest increment of the index of intensity of red coloration in oceli at the end of 20 days. The diet treatment with crustaceans resulted in the largest increment of index of intensity of the diffuse lateral red coloration at the end of 20 days. The animals submitted to almost all the treatments had presented an increase in body mass throughout 40 continous days of experiment, but those fed with molluscs presented a to greater acquisition of biomass.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bem estar em cativeiro: análise e planejamento da ocupação do tempo em macacos-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LESSA, Miguel Angelo Monteiro; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Foraging is one of the most important activities and consuming great part of the day time of neotropical primates in the natural environment. In the wild, Capuchins spend up to 80% of their time traveling and foraging in the search for food. On the other side, in captivity no effort is usually required to obtain food. Therefore the opportunity to express foraging activities becomes virtually excluded in captivity. The main objective of this work was to create and evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental enrichment tool called “bowlboard”, designed to difficult access, extending the time devoted to reach food. The observation was carried through in four different contexts, being one in the morning and three in the afternoon, using a focal animal sampling method. The relative duration of each behavioral event was compared in the absence and presence of the enrichment. It was found that the bowller extended foraging time, functioning as instrument of environmental enrichment. A considerable lowering in frequency of abnormal behaviors, while search and manipulation of food was more time consuming.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e crescimento do muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1776) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) CASTRO, Andréa Bezerra de; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The data for this work was acquired in the dependences of the Zoo Botanic Park of the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi during the years of 1992 to 1997. The objective was to study the reproductive biology and the growth of the Scorpion Mud Turtles in captivity. Thus, a verification was made of the biometrical correlations and the sexual dimorphism between males and adult females, the type of reproduction and the number of eggs per clutch, the incubation period and the percentage of eclosion, the connection between the size of the eggs and the hatching, and between the biometrical data of the female with its eggs and hatchling, the biometric growth and the weight of the species, the age when the sexual dimorphism occurs in the young ones and the age of the first oviposition. A group of adults and 70 hatching of the Zoo Botanic Park was used. Data obtained demonstrated that the adult males (n=75) had a long tail and a black pigmented head and presented an a average weight of 314,05 g, carapace length of 14,79 cm, carapace width of 9,79 cm, plastron length of 12,3 cm, plastron width of 7,46 cm and 4,5 cm of height. The adult females (n=176) had a short tail and yellow head, and had an average weight of 430,08 g, carapace length 1,26 cm, carapace width of 11,31 cm, plastron length of 13,35 cm, plastron width of 8,01 cm and 5,51 cm of height. All the studied variants showed significant differences between the values of adult females and the adult males. The mating season was from April until August, characterizing a seasonal reproduction. The nest building occurred between the months of May and September and was divided in the following phases: deambulation, opening of the hollow, oviposition, closing of the hollow and abandonment of the nest. There was no difference between the number of eggs laid by young or adult females. The average number laid by an adult female was 2,45 with a variation of 01 to 07 eggs and by a young one was 2,7 with a variation of 02 the 07 eggs. However, the eggs of the adult females were bigger in weight, length and width than that of the young females. The eggs had a pink colored elongated form, with a white spot in the center and the rind was hard and smooth (n=701), and they presented average weight, length and width of respectively 9.6 g, 3.8 cm and 2.0 cm. The incubation period was 136 days, varying between 111 and 164 (n=426) and an eclosion of 86,61%. The carapace weight, the width, and the width of the plastron of the females were determinative for the weight and width of the eggs. The weight and width of the eggs were determinative for the weight, carapace length and plastron length of the newborn. The young (n=887) were born with an average weight of 6,5 g, carapace length of 3,1 cm, carapace width of 2,2 cm, the plastron length of 2,7 cm, plastron width of 1,8 cm and carapace height of 1,6 cm. The weight and measures of the female were determinative for the weight, and measures of the newborn. At 22,49 months of age, there appeared the first signals of sexual dimorphism. The species showed a positive correlation between the weight and the biometric length, width and hight until the 37,95 months of age, after that age the ponderal continued to increase while the rate of increase of the length was smoother. With 37,94 months the standard deflexion of the ponderal weight was the largest seen on all ages, probably as the result of the sexual dimorphism already present at this age. At this age it was seen the first oviposition of the group that had a carapace with 11,84 cm of length. At 47.02 month the group showed an average weight of 410,9 g and 14,15 carapace length, values similar to the ones found in the studied adult animals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação cromossômica intrapopulacional da espécie Tayassu tajacu criada em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-04-13) SOUZA, Patrícia Carvalho de; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
The collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) is found from southern United States to northern Argentina. In Brazil, it ranges all over the country and is a source of meat for local people. Thus, a cytogenetic analysis is an important tool to evaluate reproductive efficiency at animals breeding in captivity that in order to commercialization. The aim of this study was to determine the chromosomal number of this specie from animals breeding in captivity of different populations. The animals utilized in this work were from different Brazilian populations: 6 animals from Mossoró (RN), 1 from Ipixuna (PA) and 4 from Uruará (PA). Metaphase chromosomes were prepared from cultured blood lymphocytes, following standard procedures. The results showed the same karyotypic pattern found for others authors (2n = 30 chromosomes and FN = 48), although, not any differences were found among these populations. But, they showed the same South American pattern, however, chromosomal polymorphism were found when compared to others populations, in Brazil and others countries (United States and French Guiana).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de alguns parâmetros da biologia reprodutiva e produtiva da paca fêmea (Agouti paca Linnaeus, 1744) criada em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) LAMEIRA, Ana Paula Guimarães; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
This work had the objective of estimating basics reproductive characteristics of Agouti paca reared in captivity, the determination of the oestrous cycle period, gestational period, parturition interval, first postparturition oestrous, number of offsprings and sexual proportion. The observations were done using a colony of 13 caged animais in the Biotério of Universidade Federal do Pará, and the data were obtained with colpocitological techniques. These results indicate that this specie is polyestrous with continous reproduction. The oestrous cycle was categorized in four phases: proestrous, oestrous, metaestrous and diestrous, and its period was 32,5 ± 3,69 days (n = 20). As for the gestation period, two results were obtained: a) 147, 5 ± 2,83 days (n = 2) for females that had its last oestrous registered with sperm presence and, b) 146,7 ± 6,43 days (n = 3) for females that had just the last oestrous before the parturition. New borns were observed and weights and sexes were registered. Their weight was 605,9 ± 87,47 g (n = 12) for females and 736,7 ± 108,41 g (n = 14) for males. At birth the youngs are quite developed and soon show active movements, opened eyes, body completely covered by hair, and a capacity to eat solids within two days. From 38 births occurred at Biotério, all of them are single, although the A paca is been able to produce more than one offsprings per parturition. The parturition interval was 187,3 ± 8,48 days (n = 15) and within 35,6 ± 5,22 days (n = 5) occurred the first oestrous postparturition. These results can be used as basic orientation to future works with proposes to study reproductive parameters from selvage animals using biothecnology. In addition to, the application of an appropiate management in A. Paca creation, can become in the future, aliment qualified source and lucrative source too. Furthermore, it can give guaranty of species conservation yet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de puberdade em cutias (Rodentia:Dasyproctidae) criadas em cativeiro, através da quantificação das células espermatogênicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-05-02) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
The main objective of this work is to determine the period when puberty and sexual maturity occurs, thus classify the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycles (SEC), the relative frequency of the stages and compute the spermatogenesis efficiency. 7 groups with ages ranging from 4 to 17 months old were used, divided in the following way: G1 (4 and 5 months, n= 4), G2 (6 and 7 months, n= 4), G3 (8 and 9 months, n= 4), G4 (10 and 11 months, n= 3), G5 (12 and 13 months, n= 4), G6 (14 and 15 months, n= 3) and G7 (16 and 17 months, n= 2). The Testis samples were obtained by castration under anesthesia and their Testis samples, after biometrics, were fixed in ALFAC during 24 hours; after that, the samples were submitted to routine histological processing, the tissues obtained then stained in HE. The phases of reproductive development were determined by qualification of spermatogenic cells from 10 cross sections of the seminiferous circular boundary tubular/animal, which were in the stage 1 of SEC, previously characterized by the tubule morphology method, and which presented eight SEC stages. From 20 cross sections of the seminiferous circular tubules/animal that did not present complete spermatogenesis. To determine the relative frequency, 100 cross sections of the seminiferous tubules per animal, that had attained puberty were analyzed. The body and testis weights presented a high significative correlation with age and correlated significantly between themselves. The body and weights testis biometrics increases significantly (P<0.05) until the phase of beginning of sexual maturity. The analyzed groups were classified as pre-pubescent (G1), pre-puberty (G2), puberty (G3), post-pubescent 1 (G4), phase post-pubescent 2 (G5 and G6) and adult (G7). The puberty was reached with 8-9 months. Cell population observed in this phase was significant to the others (P<0.05) from the post-pubescent 1 on it was observed a non significative increase (P<0.05) until the beginning of the sexual maturity, nearby the 16 17 months. The spermatogenic cells presented high significative correlation with testis weights. The tubule diameter increases significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, corresponding to the enlargement of the cells in its interior. This result presented a high significative correlation with testis weights. After 1600 analysis of seminiferous tubules of eight stages characterized by the tubule morphology method, the most frequent inside the seminiferous tubule was 5 followed by 2 and 1, respectively, namely, these stages were founded in 21,2%, 18,8% and 16,8% of the tubules analyzed. After group of stages frequencies, the post meiotic phase, had a higher frequency, and it was not significant to the others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enriquecimento alimentar e cognitivo para o bem-estar em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) COUTINHO, Paulo Henrique Módena; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
When put an animal in captivity, we limit their actions, taking control of most of the variables that act on a restricted environment. These variables, although to remedy the basic needs of the animals has the potential to be highly predictable and therefore stress. Environmental enrichment can be one of the most important advances in animal health in captivity in recent times, raising the psychological and physiological parameters of well-being, suppressed by captivity. The main objective was to create and verify the effectiveness of an environmental enrichment equipment called "roulette" with the function of minimizing the harmful effects of the two captive capuchins, by increasing the time devoted to foraging activities, approaching its budget activities relevant to that of animals in the wild. The observations were made by instantaneous sampling method in five steps: 1) pre-intervention, 2) D5, 3) D10 4) D15 and 5) post-intervention, and subsequently compared longitudinally. The data demonstrate the effectiveness of roulette item enriching the environment, since the behaviors associated with the exploitation and displacement suffered increased over the intervention - with the exception of D10, which will soon be re-evaluated - keeping average frequency of foraging near than expected in free-living animals (Rímoli, 2001) still in the post-intervention observations, rather than the frequency of abnormal behavior or stereotyped.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Propondo um problema de forrageio como meio de enriquecer o cativeiro: um estudo comparativo de duas espécies de primatas brasileiros (Callithrix penicillata e Saguinus imperator)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-10-17) CASTRO, Paulo Henrique Gomes de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
This study analysed the influence of a simple insect foraging puzzle on the behaviour of two callitrichine species (Callitrichinae, Primates) maintained in captivity at the National Primate Centre (CENP), in Ananindeua, in the Brazilian state of Para. In addition to comparing the two species, the study aimed to evaluate the viability of the puzzle as a strategy of environmental enrichment for these primates in captivity. Three adult pairs of each species – the pencil-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) and the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) – were included in the study, which also focussed differences between genders. Observations were conducted through the video-taping of three-hour sessions, divided into control (puzzle absent) and experimental (puzzle present) periods, with a total of 36 hours of observation for each pair. Control sessions were used to calculate baseline activity budgets for comparisons with behaviour patterns during experimental sessions. Tapes were transcripted, and all behaviour events were timed, providing measures of both the frequency and duration of events. The puzzle did not have a major effect on general activity budgets, but its effect was clearly different in each species, with manipulation of the puzzle accounting for 3.96% of the time of the marmosets, but only 1.99% of that of the tamarins. During experimental sessions, the marmosets spent 17% less time at rest in comparison with their baseline budget, whereas rest was reduced by less than 7% in the tamarins, with general activity increasing 10%. These changes varied considerably when comparing genders, however – male tamarins presented a 58% increase in general activity and a 23% reduction in rest, whereas these values were 4% and 10%, respectively, in male marmosets. Female tamarins presented an opposite pattern, with rest increasing 18% and general activity falling 14%, while female marmosets had a reduction in both categories by a little less than ten percent. All the animals learned to manipulate the puzzle and capture insects, although the marmosets were far more persistent, capturing 54% more insects, on average, than the tamarins. Females were more successful in both species, but only marginally so in the marmosets. In the tamarins, by contrast, females were 16% more successful than males. Overall, the puzzle proved to be efficient as a means of enriching the captive environment of both species, by stimulating manipulative behaviour and reducing inactivity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Puberdade em caititus (Tayassu tajacu): estudo da espermatogênese em diferentes faixas etárias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-20) CARDOSO, Deise de Lima; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This study analyzes the development of spermatogenesis in peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) and establishes the age the reach puberty, considering testicular biometry and seminiferous tubules, the amount of spermatogenic cells, the morphological description of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle (SEC), the relative frequency on which they surge inside the seminiferous tubules and general spermatogenesis yield. In the experiment, the animals were divided according to age bracket, into five groups, with three animals in each group, G1 (7 to 8 months), G2 (9 to 10 months), G3 (11 to 12 months), G4 (13 to 14 months) and G5 (15 to 16 months). The animals were subjected to orchiectomy surgery, to obtain the testicle samples, which were fixed in Alfac solution for 24 hours and histologically processed, where 5 μm cuts were stained in hematoxylin eosin. Based on the tubular morphology method, it was done the quantification of the cell types corrected to its average nucleus diameters of 10 transversal sections at SEC stage 1 for animals with established spermatogenesis and 20 transversal sections for the younger animals without any established spermatogenic activity; and also the classification of the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, by analyzing 100 transversal sections of seminiferous tubules. The data from the testicular biometry, such as, weight, length and width, showed gradual and constant growth with significant statistical differences (p<0,05) and high correlation among themselves. The tubular diameter values presented statistical significance from G1 to G4, and from G4 an accelerated and continuous growth, with no statistical significance (p>0,05). According to the quantitative and morphological analysis of the spermatogenic cells which form the germinative epithelium, the animal age brackets were classified in the following phases impuberal (G1), prepuberal (G2), puberty (G3), pos puberty 1(G4), and pos puberty 2 (G5). The phase the productive activity started, or, puberty, was determined in the animals when they turned 11 months, when the the greatest growth in the number of spermatogenic cells and a positive correlation with testicular weight occurred. At this stage, the Sertoli cells, presented a significant decrease (p<0,05). During determination of relative frequency of the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycle, eight types of association were observed, according to the tubular morphology method, where the stages with greater and less frequency were 1 and 3 respectively. The pos meiotic phase showed more frequency and the meiotic phase, the lower one, being statistically significant in relation to the other ones. The reproductive efficiency was demonstrated through translated values by the cell ratios between type A spermatogonic cells and round spermatids, being that no significant increase between G3, G4 and G5 was observed (p>0,05); and the rate of Sertoli cells showed a significant statistical difference between all possible comparisons of age brackets from G3 to G5 (p< 0,05).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Puberty in male collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) determined by quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-03) GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; CARDOSO, Deise de Lima; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; ALBUQUERQUE, Natália Inagaki de
Biological studies are necessary for the management of wildlife in captivity, and knowledge of reproduction is one of the important features for increasing production. The objective of the research was to determine the age at which male collared peccaries reach puberty. Testicular samples of 15 animals, aged 7 to 16 months, distributed into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) were used. The testes showed considerably increased weight, length and width (p < 0.05) from G1 to G3, whereas, from this group onward, the development of this organ was slower. There was positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the following testicular parameters: weight and length (r = 0.97), weight and width (r = 0.88), length and width (r = 0.92). Regarding the diameter of seminiferous tubules, an increase was observed (p < 0.05) from G1 to G4. The total number of spermatogenic cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) until G3 and then it stabilized. There was also positive correlation between testis weight and tubular diameter (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), and testis weight and spermatogenic cells (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). The number of Sertoli cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from G1, when they were undifferentiated as support cells, to G5, when they occurred together with the complete line of spermatic cells. The results demonstrate that the reproductive development of peccaries can be classified into the following stages: impuberty (G1, 7-8 months); pre-pubertal (G2, 9-10 months); pubertal (G3, 11-12 months); post-pubertal 1 (G4, 13-14 months); and post-pubertal 2 (G5, 15-16 months). Based on the histological analyses, puberty in the male collared peccary was determined to occur between 11 and 12 months of age.