Navegando por Assunto "Anthropocene"

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Antropoceno na Amazônia: holoceno em curso ou prelúdio de uma nova época geológica do homem?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-31) PONTE, Franciney Carvalho da; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
The Natural Domains of the Brazilian Amazon present a high biogeographic diversity, favored by the complex geological substratum and equatorial climate, both predominant in the Amazonian landscape, located in the northern portion of Brazil, covering an area equivalent to 40% of the national territory (~3.7 million Km2). Human expansion in the Amazon has produced a series of transformations in its natural resources. In this sense, this work aimed to perform a retrospective on the trajectory of human beings in the Amazonian domains, through the spatialization of anthropogenic evidences and analysis of anthropogenic indicators, likely to be associated with precepts of the Anthropocene, made possible by a geographical perspective. The analysis raised the aspects of both morphoclimatic and phytogeographic domains, highlighting their dominant landscapes and natural systems, through biophysical compartmentalization, working as a substrate in the analysis of the dynamics of socio-spatial events and the materialized evidences of human action in the landscapes, under a broad temporal spectrum - the Holocene. The research was based on a holistic and integrative approach of variables, related to both natural and socio-spatial aspects, from a systemic vision, aimed at sizing and measuring the patterns of use of natural resources, the anthropogenization degree of natural domains and the proposition of anthropogenic landscapes/structures. In this sense, the research revealed that these domains currently present a very significant anthropogenic percentage of approximately 70%, the result of a broad and diverse socio-spatial dynamic, which attributed to the region a marked variability of human macrosystems and semi-natural landscapes embedded in apparently natural ecosystems. However, it was detected that this estimate is probably underestimated, if we consider the evidence, according to a cumulative perspective, reaching a value around 150%, that is, 50% above the total area of the study, which denounces a high anthropogenic pressure in the region. Given the above, and considering the Anthropocene precepts, centered on the anthropogenic conception, it is suggested that the Amazon region contains anthropogenic landscapes, substantially altered, for at least four thousand years AP, when much of its domains were already occupied and significantly used and managed by human groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Educação ambiental: macrotendências em atividades educativas no Parque Zoobotânico do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-28) BATISTA, Joniele Bentes; PERES, Ariadne da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5424406285707749; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-3690
Environmental Education (EE) arises from an understanding of the historical social construction of the planet, where it is necessary to change the paradigm that implies both a scientific and political revolution. This study aims to know and understand the political-pedagogical macrotrends in EE present in the practices developed at Zoobotanical Park of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). We assume qualitative research, with Content Analysis. The procedures were organized in two moments: 1. Visit to the MPEG Zoobotanical Park and analysis of the documentation object of the study; 2. Interviews with the coordinators responsible for EA's projects and activities. The following categories were established for analysis: vision of the environment, conceptions of environmental problems, political vision and practice/approach. From the analysis, we realized that the political-pedagogical macrotrends of EE present in the pedagogical practices in the Zoobotanical Park of MPEG, appeared concomitantly, that is, in a mixed way, without a consensus of intentionality or theoretical reference. However, a certain dominance was observed for conservationist and pragmatic macrotrends.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A evolução dos manguezais nos litorais Nordeste e Sul brasileiros durante o Holoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) FREIRE, Neuza Araújo Fontes; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
It is possible that climate changes and sea level fluctuations (allogenic processes) are and will cause major changes in mangrove dynamics. However, other driving forces may be significantly affecting this system. Distinguishing allogenic and autogenic influence on mangroves is a challenging question, because mechanisms related to the natural dynamics of depositional environments (autogenic processes) have strong influences on the establishment and degradation of mangroves. Thus, impacts on mangroves caused by autogenic processes may be erroneously attributed to allogenic mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the ‘fingerprint’ of global changes in modern mangrove dynamics. This thesis integrates palynological, geochemical, sedimentological data, 14C dating of sedimentary organic matter, geomorphological and vegetation data in order to evaluate the influence of autogenic and allogeneic processes on Brazilian mangroves during the Holocene. Tropical estuaries from Rio Grande do Norte and southern Bahia, and subtropical estuaries in northern and southern Santa Catarina estates with different climatic, geomorphological and oceanographic characteristics were studied. The Relative Sea-Level (RSL) along the Rio Grande do Norte reached modern level and stabilized at about 7,000 cal yr BP, allowing the mangrove establishment at the edges of the Ceará-Mirim River estuary until the nowadays. However, changes in the spatial distribution of mangroves have occurred since then due to channels dynamics in the region (autogenic processes). Considering the mangroves of the Jucuruçu River in southern Bahia, their horizontal and vertical distribution were controlled by the interactions of the changes in the RSL and fluvial discharge. Therefore, the dynamics of these estuarine mangroves during the Holocene was mainly controlled by changes in sea level and precipitation that affected fluvial discharge. These allogeneic mechanisms were the main drivers of the dynamics of these mangroves. However, during the last 600 years, factors intrinsic to the depositional system gained relevance by controlling the establishment and migration of mangroves by deposition and erosion of muddy tidal flats, abandonment and reactivation of channels (autogenic processes). In the case of Santa Catarina mangroves, the RSL rise up to the middle Holocene was decisive for the establishment of tidal flats appropriate for the expansion of saltmarshes. However, mangroves did not tolerate the Holocene low temperatures in the southern littoral of Santa Catarina. The pollen data indicate the establishment of mangroves with Laguncularia around 1,700 cal yr BP, followed by Avicennia and lastly Rhizophora trees, a cold less tolerant genus, around 650 cal yr BP in São Francisco do Sul, north of Santa Catarina. The mangroves of Laguna, south of Santa Catarina, composed of Laguncularia and Avicennia, were established in the current southern limit of the South American mangroves only in the last decades. No evidence was found for the presence of mangroves in Laguna during the Holocene. The establishment of these mangroves in the region probably started during the Anthropocene, as a consequence of the increase in minimum winter temperatures in southern Brazil. Considering changes in precipitation rates over drainage basins that feed mangrove estuaries, as well as trends in RSL rise and temperatures until the end of the 21st century, tropical estuarine mangroves will likely migrate to higher topographically sectors in the interior of the river valleys, where its extension will depend on the volume of river discharge interacting with the RSL rise. Subtropical mangroves are expected to expand to more temperate zones as minimum winter temperatures increase. This process should cause an increase in the diversity of mangrove species, such as the introduction of the Rhizophora genus in the current southern limit of the mangroves, positioned in Laguna-SC. However, in the case of high rates of RSL rise, the relatively new subtropical mangroves are also expected to migrate to topographically higher sectors of the coast.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A expansão dos manguezais na foz do rio Itapicuru (Ba) durante o Antropoceno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-20) SANTOS, Larissa Roberta Oliveira Castro; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8225311897488790; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-7702
The objective of this work was to evaluate mangrove dynamics during the Anthropocene, as well as the influence of climate change on mangroves and associated vegetation units at the mouth of the Tapicuru River in northern Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. The development of this work was carried out by integrating sedimentological, palynological, isotopic and Pb-210 dating data in a sedimentary core. The isotopic results for δ13C revealed a relatively stable pattern with depleted isotopic values (-27‰ to -23.3‰), typical of organic matter originating from C3 vegetation input. Palynology indicated the presence of five ecological groups: mangroves, herbs, trees and shrubs, palms and spores. Pollen results from T1 core show two zones (zone 1: 85-34 cm depth and zone 2: 34-0 cm depth), according to cluster analysis. Zone 1 is marked by a trend of decreasing mangrove vegetation, while zone 2 shows a trend of increasing mangrove vegetation characterized mostly by the presence of Rhizophora.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A máquina antropológica entre antropogênese e antropocentrismo : uma leitura crítica de Giorgio Agamben a partir de uma perspectiva multiespecífica da biopolític
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-07) COSTA FILHO, Maurício Sérgio Borba.; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
The aim of this work is to investigate the relevance of the concept anthropological machine of humanism, as proposed by Giorgio Agamben in L'aperto: l’uomo and l'animale, to our understanding of current politics. This concept, which comprises the set of discourses and practices that compose our ideas of what constitutes the human (and humanity) in opposition to the animal (and animality) in a dual logic of inclusion and exclusion, produces anthropogenic narratives that gravely resonate in the political life of western societies. Even though we think that such terminology successfully synthesizes this heterogeneous set of practices, we will argue that, in order for it to be a useful conceptual tool, we need to go beyond a critique of humanism, and place it within the context of non-anthropocentric critiques of politics. In this sense, we will turn the anthropological machine against Agamben's own political thought and writing, a movement that bears a double consequence. The first consequence is ethical and political in nature: in opposition to Agamben’s deeply anthropocentric politics, we sugest alternative modes of thinking possible politics of the living; the second consequence, on the other hand, is critical and descriptive: in oppositon to the scope of Agamben's biopolitical analysis (which is focused exclusively on the human body – be it the individualized body, be it the social body), we sugest a multispecies approach to biopolitical studies. This critical reading is situated within the larger picture of current discussions about the Anthropocene – or rather, the Capitalocene – and its consequences to the Humanities.