Navegando por Assunto "Antimicrobianos"

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Atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e imunomoduladora de Agaricus brasiliensis e Ilex paraguariensis in vitro e em modelo de sepse murino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-15) NAVEGANTES, Kely Campos; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390
Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated immune response to an infection, the initial therapeutic approach to sepsis are broad spectrum antimicrobials, which is not sufficient for control of infection, requiring association with other therapies. Thus, Ilex paraguariensis where to be a potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and Agaricus brasiliensis has immunomodulatory properties could be a new source of therapy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and immunomodulatory in vitro and in vivo of the extracts. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from A.brasiliensis and I. paraguariensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the method of microdilution and by spectophotometry for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and cultivation technique on petri dish for minimum bactericidal concentration, cytotoxicity in macrophages was evaluated, nitric oxide (NO) production, proliferation, phagocytosis, equivalent antioxidant capacity to Trolox (TEAC) and determination of the total antioxidant activity by capturing the free radical and reactive species production oxygen (ROS). In the swiss mice with induced sepsis were pretreated with aqueous extracts of A.brasiliensis and I. paraguariensis, after 12 and 24 hours collected their samples and evaluated the survival, leukocyte migration, hemogram, bacterial load, NO production, malondialdehyde (MDA), TEAC and ex vivo we evaluated phagocytic capacity and release of ROS. The A.brasiliensis showed no antimicrobial activity in vitro, remained viable cells reduced the phagocytic capacity, increased NO, but in the presence of LPS reduced, showed proliferative effect, but in the presence of mitogen had antiproliferative effect and has a strong antioxidant activity and capacity to sequester radicals in vitro. I.paraguariensis presented antimicrobial activity as well as cytotoxic effect induced phagocytic capacity increased NO, but in the presence of LPS reduced, had proliferative effect, antioxidant activity and capacity to sequester radicals in vitro. In vivo model of sepsis, both increased the survival of animals, A.brasiliensis reduced leukocyte influx while Ilex increased, only A.brasiliensis had hemogram similar to sham, both extracts reduced bacterial load and levels decreased NO, MDA and increased antioxidant levels in the tissues, in addition, both reduced the production of both extracts present ERO. Although excellent in vitro results, the aqueous extract from A.brasiliensis was found to be most promising as an adjuvant therapy in sepsis that I. paraguariensis due to its high antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vivo.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização molecular de Klebsiella pneumoniae produtoras de ß-lactamases de espectro ampliado e Carbapenemase tipo KPC isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados em Belém, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-13) MARQUES, Patrícia Bentes; LOUREIRO, Edvaldo Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685418720563351
The antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The K. pneumoniae constitute an important group of human patogen, causing of hospital and communitarian infections. In these bacteria, the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the main mechanisms of resistance the antimicrobials, responsible for the imperfection of the therapy against infections for gram-negative bacilli. This work aimed to do the molecular characterization of the K. pneumoniae producing ESBL and KPC about antimicrobial resistence in pacients from Belém-PA. A total of 124 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from public hospital from Belém-PA and susceptibility test was performed to detect its susceptibility patterns antibiotics. Phenotypic tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) producing strains were performed to detect the resistance phenotype of the isolates. Then PCR amplification and sequencing analysis were performed for the drug resistance determinants genes. The results showed that 83% strains harbored bla CTX-M gene, 85,5% carried bla SHV , 83% carried bla TEM and 5% carried bla KPC. The most frequent gene ESBL detected was bla CTX-M-71, which was observed in 60% of isolates. Other ESBL genes were bla SHV-38 (5% of isolates), bla SHV-100 (5% of isolates) and bla SHV-12 (3,5% of isolates). O gene bla KPC-2 was detected in 100% of isolates.These enterobacterias showed multidrug resistance phenotypes with high levels for quinolones and aminoglycosides. Associations between genotypes and antibiotic resistance were observed.The presence of multidrug resistant micro-organisms in hospitals, reinforces the need for measures for rapid containment of possibles infections caused by these pathogens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da temperatura e molaridade na avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, citotóxica e antioxidante do bio-óleo da semente do açaí (Euterpe oleracea, Mart.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08) SILVA, Iago Castro da; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-5650
Açaí, a fruit from the Amazon, is valuable both economically and nutritionally. Its seeds, which are typically discarded, can be converted into bio-oil through pyrolysis (a process of thermochemical degradation of residual biomass), offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. This study explores how temperature and molarity with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), which are chemical impregnation reagents in the process, affect the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the produced bio-oil. Tests were conducted using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and assays to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities at different temperatures (350, 400, and 450 °C) and molarities (0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 2.0 M). Phenolic compounds were the most abundant in the bio-oil (55.70%), followed by cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (11.89%) and linear hydrocarbons (9.64%). Despite a reduction in oxygenated compounds, the bio-oil retained bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus across various temperature ranges, with notable effectiveness at 350 °C. Antioxidant activity was highest at 350 °C and at lower molarities. Furthermore, lower concentrations of acidic impregnation exhibited cytotoxic effects at high temperatures. Thus, bio-oil from açaí seeds generated through pyrolysis shows potential for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, suggesting feasibility for further testing in dilutions with lower cytotoxicity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudos farmacognósticos, fitoquímicos e biológicos de Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-12) BRÍGIDO, Heliton Patrick Cordovil; MARINHO, Moacir do Rosario Marinho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2511998363000599; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649
In this study, the Annona glabra underwent pharmacognostic, phytochemicals and biological studies (leishmanicide and antimicrobial activity). In pharmacognostic studies, we used the methods described in Brazilian Pharmacopoeia V ed. (2010). The ethanolic extract (EE) was obtained by maceration of the powder batch of shells with ethanol. The extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition with hexane and 10% aqueous methanol resulting in hexane (HF), and methanol (MF) fractions. The MF was submitted to Sephadex column. This procedure resulted in 46 fractions that were analyzed in thin layer chromatography and revealed with sulfuric acid, Dragendorff, and ultraviolet (360 nm) being assembled into 5 groups according to their chromatographic profiles. Group 3 was purified by column chromatography on a preparative scale yielding the G3-1 sample. EE, MF, HF, Group 2 and G3-1 were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The G3-1 sample was analysed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, methods of agar diffusion (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and microdilution (MIC) were used. The EE and its fractions were subjected to leishmanicide activity test (Leishmania amazonensis). The powder was classified as coarse and low-density, with ash and moisture contents within the parameters established by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. In HPLC-DAD, the main peaks of EE and its fractions were presented in UV absorption spectrum of 240 nm to 280 nm, and 300 nm to 400 nm suggestive respectively Band II (Ring A), and band I (ring B ) of flavonoid. The G3-1 chemical structure was identified as flavonoid rutin. In the agar diffusion test, we observed the formation of halos in EE and MF only in Staphylococcus aureus plates. In the microdilution assay, the EE and FM showed MIC> 1000 mg / mL, considered inactive. In antileishman test, the EE showed IC50> 200 / ml. The MF and HF also showed IC50> 200 / ml; however, they inhibited the growth of promastigotes respectively in 20% and 33.7%. The subtractions and G3-1 Group 2 showed IC50> 200 / ml, but the concentration of 200 / ml inhibited the parasite growth by approximately 45%. The EE, fractions, and subfractions were inactive against L. amazonensis amastigotes. However, the HF concentrations of 250 and 125 g / ml inhibited infection in 39.1% and 18.7%. In short, EE and its fractions were shown to be inactive in the antimicrobial and leishmanicide trials, but fractionation contributed to increase activity suggesting that active substances must be at low levels in extract and its fractions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos em pacientes idosos de um hospital universitário de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) SOUSA, Kassio Cardoso; SILVA, Marcos Valério Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379783635000306; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
The medicine progress and improvement in general life conditions of the population led to the increase of life expectancy and contributed to population aging. There are important clinical characteristics in elderly people as the fact that those individuals show a series of alterations which interfere directly in the pharmacokinetics’ processes. The medicines constitute the most used treatments within health services, in the knowledge that, in developing countries, around 30% of the health resources are destined to those products. In that way Studies of Medicines Use are important strategic tools for the rationalization of the drugs’ use. That being so this research has as a goal to investigate the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for elderly persons interned in the clinics: medical clinics, clinics of infectious and parasitic diseases, the intensive treatment center and the surgical clinic of the academic Hospital João Barros Barreto (HUJBB) in the period from 2009 to 2012, aiming for observing the initiatives directed to the patient security regarding the antimicrobials use. It consists in a transversal study, observational and characteristically descriptive. The sample was composed of 299 recorded and interned patients who received the treatment with at least one antimicrobial on a regular basis. In relation to the socio-demographic profile of the elderly patients admitted in the HUJBB during the studying period, it was noticed that the most frequent gender was the feminine with 44%, and the average of the internship duration was of 18,90 days, and the most frequent age range stood between 60 and 70 years old with 46,15%, the civil status was married with 52,21%, declaring themselves ―pardos*‖ (69,90%), coming from the capital city (72,24%) and with an internship duration until 30 days utmost (82,94%). About the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for the elderly patients, was spotted that the cephalosporin category of third generation was the most proscribed with 29,94%, followed by the quinolones with 17,15% and Macrolides with 9,30%. Among the 23 antimicrobials found in the medicals prescriptions, the ceftriaxone was the most used with 20,13% followed by the ceftazidime with 10,50% and the clarithromycin with 9,85%. The most frequent pathologies reached the respiratory tract with: DPOC (10,16%), bronchiectasis infecting (8,07%) and pneumonia (4,30%) and the most frequent administration route used for elderly people was the intravenous with 84%. Combining the infection state of the respiratory tract (28,13%) with the most frequent use of antimicrobials of the cephalosporin category and the quinolones’ one, 47,09% were totalized. As for the clinical state outcome, 72% of the patients were discharged. The prescription profile for the rational use of antimicrobials for elderly people is provided in the advocated directives for the rational use of the medicines, as well as intended for the patient security.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial de produção de antimicrobianos a partir de bactérias isoladas do açaí (Euterpe oleracea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-17) SALLES, Marina Ludmila Oliveira Conor; SANTOS, Agenor Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9530734927662735
Açaí is the fruit of a palm tree widely distributed in the Amazon region and has a high microbial load that favors the fruit fermentation process. It is unknown specific studies to investigate the production of antimicrobial substances of biotechnological interest from microorganisms present in acai fruit, which can result in increased value to the fruit. Since food safety has become an increasingly international concern the application of bacteriocins that target food pathogens without adverse toxic effects, have received great attention. The objective of this work is to isolate bacteria from acai, identify the antimicrobial activity of the isolated bacteria, and characterize the extracts of these bacteria as pH, temperature, stability and action spectrum. The selected fruits were collected in Combu Island and Abaetetuba, State of Para, Brazil. These followed for asepsis and pulp removal and dilutions were inoculated in MRS agar and isolated for analysis The antagonism in vitro was performed with the technique of spot-on-the lawn revealing against three bacteria: Corynebacterium sp, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus; and with the well diffusion technique. These extracts were characterized for thermal stability (121 ° C / 15 minutes), enzyme sensitivity to trypsin and pH neutralization. Of the thirty-nine bacterial isolates, it was observed antagonistic activity in nineteen of them. Of thesecould be observed twelve showed extracellular antagonist activity. Four extracts showed sensitivity to trypsin, indicating that these may be bacteriocins. Neutralized extracts showed no activity, which indicates better activity at pH acid extracts. Most of the extracts showed activity after being autoclaved, which may be an indication that the extracts have bacteriocins in Classes I and II. This work shows that bacteria isolated from acai have potential for the production of antimicrobial substances.