Navegando por Assunto "Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP)"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizagem baseada em problemas e o raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo no ensino de ciências: análise do padrão de raciocínio de Lawson em um curso de férias em Castanhal (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-10) NEVES, Moisés David das; MALHEIRO, João Manoel da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7502225344402729
Aiming to study and offer methodological tools that further the development of logical reasoning and the learner autonomy, this research assesses whether and how the participants in a summer school biology develop the pattern If / and / then / and or but / therfore described by Anton Lawson. The author postulates that this pattern of hypothetical-deductive reasoning is common in the way humankind acquires knowledge and scientific research. The pedagogical approach of the course where the research was conducted adopt the principles of Problem Based Learning (PBL) and aims to encourage participants to produce their own knowledge from problems investigated by experiments with scientific methodology. The audience of course were high school students and teachers of physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics. The seminars for socialization the activities and results achieved by them were videotaped. The analysis of these discourses revealed that Lawson`s pattern is developed, but not consciously and not clearly expressed in a few steps. The expected results for the tests is confused with the hypothesis, confirming a universal tendency pointed out by Lawson. In light of cognitivism of Piaget and Ausubel, is shown the importance of making predictions, because these can drive prior knowledge, creating opportunities for construction and/or discovery new knowledge. Some participant teachers showed discomfort in question what seems obvious. The students showed difficulty in formulating problem issues related to their daily lives. But, as they explored the animal collection, began to make puzzling observations and new questions, suggesting predominant thoughts of concrete cognitive functioning and pointing to the need for actions to stimulate hypothetical-deductive thought. With the evolution of the activities, it was noted advances in reasoning and argumentation of participants in general. It is conclude that adopt patterns like Lawson`s one is useful in the task of promoting thinking skills, as it provides a tool for observing and assessing how students are thinking, giving to the teacher an opportunity to plan pedagogical actions and interventions. It is also conclude that the experimental activity can be rich in stimulating situations of logical reasoning, since it is accompanied by moments of reflection. The results also speak in favor of the Problem-Based Learning as stimulatory of intrinsic motivation and higher cognitive skills. It is measured that to know how to seek the answer is more important than knowing the answer, which require curriculum changes in order that really teaching thinking skills is a priority in relation to the transfer of large amount of theoretical knowledge.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O uso de analogias e a aprendizagem baseada em problemas: análise dos discursos docente e discente em um curso de férias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-03) ARAÚJO, Renato Silva; MALHEIRO, João Manoel da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7502225344402729
In this work we seek to investigate in what terms the use of figures of speech, such as analogy, can express a contribution or an obstacle to the problem solving activities that were developed during the fifteenth and sixteenth editions of a Vacation Course in the city of Salinópolis (PA). The subjects studied were a group consisting of five students (SG) and a group of five teachers (TG), who participated in the 1st and 2nd weeks of the course, respectively. The objectives pursued in this research are to verify which analogies are elaborated by these subjects and what treatment was given by the course monitors accompanying such groups, and to evaluate whether there are differences between the analogies that are proposed by the group of students and those that are proposed by the group of teachers, questioning them, if that is the case. The methodology used to form the empirical data was qualitative and was obtained through video recording and subsequent transcription of the dialogues, in which the occurrence of analogies was observed. From the examination of the materials, I pointed out the emergence of categories that I have denominated Inquisitive Generated Analogies (IGA), Doubtful Generated Analogies (DGA) and Affirmative Generated Analogies (AGA), based on the procedures established by the Textual Discourse Analysis. In contrast, it was configured as obstacles in the moments that have not been properly explored and problematized, being the role of the monitors key to the better utilization of this language resource, although it is not the purpose of the course to work on the Analogies. I also noticed that the types of analogies created by students and teachers belong to the same categories described above, however those created by the teachers showed up, at times, more elaborated than the ones proposed by the students. I consider that the discussions on the use of analogies in teaching and learning situations, involving problem solving, need to be expanded, so that its functions, uses, advantages and disadvantages, as well as more effective ways of exploring it, become better understood in these processes. In the specific case of the Vacation Course, I believe that a work before the implementation of the courses, between their coordination and maybe a researcher-teacher in the area of Science Education, together with the monitors, so that they could be getting the most out of the analogies created by the course participants, could become an interesting proposal for the improvement of the discussions within each group.