Navegando por Assunto "Aprendizagem animal"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Discriminação simples auditiva em Macaco-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-11) MACHADO, Francisco José Freitas; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The acquisition of generalized discriminative relational repertoires represents a complex discriminative capability in the interaction on any species with its environment, having, for much time, being considered to be exclusively human. There are few researches on this capability in non-human primates in the auditory modality, and even less about their multimodal discriminatory repertoire, which characterizes much of the complex discriminative human behavior. This study investigated the possibility of a capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) to learn to respond appropriately to different acoustic stimuli by the use of a simple discrimination procedure. The subject was exposed to five pairs acoustic stimuli: each pair was always composed of one sound with a predominance of high frequencies and another of low frequencies; one of them with a function of positive stimulus (S +) and the other of negative stimulus (S-). The criteria adopted for the presentation of a new pair of stimuli was the achievement of a rate of response for the (S-) equal of inferior more than 25% of the rate for the (S +), for five consecutive sessions. The subject reached the criteria for all five pairs of stimuli. The effects of learning set and the physical properties of the stimuli are discussed, as well as procedural differences in regard to previous studies. These results suggest the possibility of using capuchin monkey as an animal model in research on complex discriminative repertoires.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do treino de discriminação simples sobre o repertório de pareamento ao modelo por identidade de um macaco-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-03-01) MAN, Tiago Sales Larroudé de; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
this paper reports an experiment training to verify the function of simple simultaneous discrimination training with pairs of stimuli on identity match-to-sample performance with the same stimuli. An infant capuchin monkey with experience with identity match-to-sample served as subject. It was investigated how much training with a Repeated Shift of Simple Discrimination (RSSD) procedure would facilitate performance in match-to-sample with the same stimuli. Response ratio to advance the procedure and duration of the intertrial interval (ITI) were manipulated, and discriminative training for all possible pairs of a four-stimulus set was undergone. Identity match-to-sample with set A was used as baseline. Set B was trained in simple discrimination and tested in identity matching-to-sample. Test trials were interspersed among baseline trials. Correct responses were followed by a grape-flavor sugar pellet of 45 mg, and started the ITI. Incorrect responses ended the trial and started the ITI. Results shows variable performances on identity tests and RSSD, indicating small contribution of RSSD to IDMTS when to choices are used in both. Discuss about wrong patterns on identity test yelded by contraditory Stimulus Topography Control selectioned by RSSD procedure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da topografia da resposta sobre a resolução de problemas do tipo Insight em ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-30) SANTOS, Dayanna Gomes; BORGES, Rubilene Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4853454834690548; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The Experimental Analysis of Behavior investigates parametric variables of the behavioral history of an organism that could explain the occurrence of creative behavior (Insight), i.e. a novel sudden behavior as a result from the combination of previous abilities from the organism's repertoire. This study investigated the task of pushing a cube, climbing onto the cube and pulling a chain (on this sequence) on Rattus norvegicus and tested the effects of two different topographies of the response of pushing a cube (pushing the cube with paws and pushing the cube with the head) and the transfer of stimulus control function in training situation (spot) on the response of pushing the cube to the test situation (chain). Six rats were randomly distributed under the following experimental conditions: push the cube with the paws / pull the spot; push the cube with the paws/ sniff the spot; push the cube with the paws / no contact with the spot and push the cube with the head / pull the spot. The test consisted of driving a cube down a chain, climbing the cube and pulling the chain. Data indicated that both topographies of the pushing response enabled the resolution of the problem. However, it was observed that pushing the cube with the paws allowed a greater number of Insight responses and closer responses that lead to the problem resolution because this topography allowed the subject to look at the chain while pushing the cube, obtaining greater precision in the positioning of the cube under the chain. Spot training has shown that more effective than teaching the animal to push at a specific stimulus would be to encourage the animal to explore more of the environment to find the most relevant stimulus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Insight” em macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) através do treino das habilidades pré-requisito em diferentes contextos de treino
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-28) COSTA, Juliane Rufino da; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Insight is the sudden and spontaneous problem solving. Research on the Insight phenomenon has characterized its occurrence as spontaneous interconnection of repertoires that were previously learned. Recently, studies have demonstrated that monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are able to solve a problem by interconnecting two tasks: (1) assembling two parts of a tool and (2) attaining ("fishing") a box containing food. However, those resolutions did not occur so suddenly, but with pauses between the responses. The objective of the present research is to continue the study on problem solving with monkeys, by testing the hypotheses that modifying the locations in which training and testing are given, the location could become a discriminative stimulus for the response of “fishing”, and the resolution happen without pauses. With one subject (Louis) the abilities (1) and (2) were trained in different locations. The Insight test was given in the same place as the training to attain a box. Louis solved the problem by interconnecting the two tasks, but still with pauses between the responses. One variable that may have interfered with Louis’ response was the fact that the two parts of the testing tool were delivered at the same time. With another subject (Gonzaga) all the training occurred in the same location. The insight test was given in another location. The two parts of the testing tool were delivered separately. The “fishing” part was delivered first, then, after two minutes, the two of them was delivered together. The results showed the same pattern of resolution described previously. The two variables tested: variation of the training and testing locations and the way the tools were delivered did not seem to affect the resolutions. However, it is discussed the need of the suddenness on the problem resolution, since it does not always occur. It is suggested a review on the term Insight, and more researches to expand the knowledge on the subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigações sobre o papel da generalização funcional em uma situação de resolução súbita de problemas (insight) em Rattus norvegicus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-29) DELAGE, Paulo Elias Gotardelo Audebert; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Learning psychology was characterized by the debate of if learning is a gradual or a sudden process. While associassionists defended the first proposal, gestaltist stated the existence of abrupt learning situations. Among the main authors to defend this possibility was Wolfgang Köhler. This author work has been pointed out as evidence of learning as a sudden process. Although these works are relevant for showing the existence of situations when sudden learning occurs, it has been questioned frequently about his conclusions about why this kind of behavior phenomena occurs. Among many of the criticism made, the most debated one is the lack of history control of his experimental subjects, nevertheless the disregard of the role of that history over data obtained. Studies that investigated this role (Epstein et al., 1984 and Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) show that the typical insight response could be the result of previously learned repertoire combined. Epsteins works were important in showing that insight would be the combination of repertoires in appropriated situations through a process known as Functional Generalization. The present study aims to investigate if Functional Generalization is really responsible for repertoires interconexion that results into task resolution in a considered sudden way. To achieve that, Epsteins experiments were replicated, using rats as subjects. The results show that Functional Generalization seems to be a necessary requirement, but not enough to sudden problem resolution in a way considered as insight.