Navegando por Assunto "Aquicultura"

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Palaemonidae) in the Amazon estuary, north of Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) CAVALCANTE, Danielle Viveiros; SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto
Macrobrachium surinamicum is a small shrimp that inhabits rivers of low salinity. It is mainly caught as bycatch in Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum fisheries, which is widely exploited by artisanal fisheries for food and economic needs of the riverside population. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the freshwater shrimp M. surinamicum in the Guajará Bay and on Mosqueiro Island, correlating the abundance of this species with abiotic factors (temperature and salinity). Samples were taken from May 2006 to April 2007 in six locations: Mosqueiro Island (Furo das Marinhas and Porto do Pelé); Icoaraci district; Arapiranga Island, edge of the city of Belém; and Combu Island, using traps named 'matapis'. A total of 361 shrimps were caught. The abundance was higher in December and lower in July 2006. The biggest catch occurred on Arapiranga Island and the lowest on Mosqueiro Island. The abundance differed significantly in December 2006 and no variable studied had significant influence on M. surinamicum abundance. In Guajará Bay, particularly the more sheltered places, as Arapiranga and Combu islands, favor the development of M. surinamicum, indicating that this species has preference for less disturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A aquaponia: desafios e oportunidades para a produção de peixes e hortaliças no estado do Pará – Estudo de caso: projetos de aquaponia no município de Bragança-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) ARAÚJO, Cátia Sílvia Pereira de; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
The present research about existing experiences of Aquaponics Systems in the State of Pará, municipality of Bragança. Among the main reasons for conducting the study was aim alternative paths to aquaculture activity in Brazil to meet the growing demand for healthy foods, mitigating the indiscriminate use of water resources and the lack of treatment and dumping inadequate effluent. In this sense, the aquaponic presents itself as an alternative to the integrated production of aquatic organisms (fish, crustaceans and algae) and vegetables with the benefit to save natural resources. The research aims General Aquaponics analysis, in the social and environmental context, from the studies and experiences that exist worldwide, national, as well as in the immediate region of Bragança, Pará State, with the purpose of drafting a guide for socialization and dissemination of aquapônica technology. Based on studies of the main bibliographic references on the aquaponic and the most important experiences of Aquaponics systems in the municipality of Bragança were analyzed by checking the theoretical and practical insights of those involved, and the potential and limitations of productive activity. For the preparation of the guide used the data provided in the bibliography, as well as those purchased on the spot. The results showed a bibliographic shortage issue in Brazil, mainly in respect of the economic viability of the activity, demonstrating clearly the necessity of deepening in the studies. The research showed that there is a strong tendency for membership of the local farmers to the aquapônico system of production, largely due to increasing income generation and low environmental impacts of this type of production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e comparação de projetos comunitários de ostreicultura localizados no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) HOSHINO, Priscila; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The aquaculture is being characterized as strategy to minimize the reduction of the fish. At Pará, the oyster farming was implanted in 2003 as an opportunity regarding to occupation and profits generation at Northeastern of this state. In 2005 this initiative was expanded to other communities with different levels of familiarity with the mollusk, regarding to the support either on the researches in this sector or on the extractive activity. This research evaluated the communitarian oyster farming performance in the state of Pará. It was studied three projects with at least two years of implementation and with either different levels of preservation and oyster harvest activity. The implementation of the firsts cultivations occurred simultaneously and in a similar way regarding to institutional support, however with different performances. The main producer issues are to obtain the license to develop this activity and also the necessity to take care about the tide. It is necessary to provide more detailed feasibility studies, with more commitment from the side of the interested institutions in order to perform the actions they are supposed to work out, providing events where it will be possible to spread the information and discuss the aquaculture bottlenecks at the state of Pará, as well to provide a consolidated partners network to prepare the groups regarding to organization, activity management and helping in the market access. The most part of the oyster famers are small producers, artisanal fishermen that found a way to manage their families via oyster farming. However, the oyster farming is a secondary activity to them, once it is still not enough to support their necessities. Nevertheless, several farmers already declared once they manage how to increase the oyster production they will be exclusively dedicated to this activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização do sistema produtivo da aquicultura da microrregião de Cametá – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) FERREIRA, Palmira Francisca Gonçalves; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
This research is aimed to present a diagnosis of aquaculture activity in the micro region of Cametá - Pará, emphasizing the factors that influence the development of activity and the level of competitiveness through the Competitive Performance Index (CPI) in order to provide indicators that can facilitate decision making in the areas of promoting aquaculture establishment as an economic activity. Data collection was performed by using questionnaires that sought to investigate the aspects relevant to productive activity. The data was processed and analyzed using the statistical SPSS software, version 13. This software made it possible to obtain a reduced linear structure of the original data set, through the summarization of the information contained in the variables creating smaller variable sets lalled factors, to identify the Competitive Performance Index (CPI) with respect to the variables studied. The results showed that 70.50% of the region's farmers have a primary education and only 1.44% attended or initiated higher education. 91,37% of the employees are members of the farm owners family. The average area intended for cultivation was 500 m2. The largest was found in Oeiras do Pará, which is also the largest municipality in area. The means of production include the creation of ponds in lowland areas (78.05%), in net-cage 13,3% and conventional production system with 8,65%. The prevalent mode of cultivation is the monoculture, especially the round fish tambaqui and tambacu (54%). Factor analysis extracted four factors representative of the development in the region: the productive system dimension, which explained about 27% of the total variance; commercial dimension, accounting for 15.15%; efficiencydimension explained 13.3% of the total and work dimension that explained 12.5% of the total variance. These factors influence the development of activity and should direct the actions of rural entrepreneurs and policy with the aim of improving fish farms so that they can boost production and meet growing demands for food quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do impacto socioeconômico da piscicultura em tanques-rede no reservatório da UHE Tucuruí-PA: o caso do Projeto Ipirá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-26) ARAÚJO, Eduardo André Duarte de; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454
The present dissertation evaluates the development of pisciculture in net tanks in the reservoir of the hydroelectric plant of Tucuruı, State of Pará, from a case study: the project of pisciculture Ipirá, created from an agreement between the Central Electric of Northern Brazil - Eletronorte and a set of families who have had their livelihoods impacted by the construction of hydroelectric of Tucuruı as an alternative for the generation of employment and income. Evaluates, more specifically, the impact of the project on improving the living conditions of the families served by the same under the socioeconomic perspective. To achieve the objectives of this study, we used beyond the case study, the systemic model for aquaculture, especially the calculation of indices for assessing the socioeconomic sustainability of aquaculture - IDES, as the methodological procedures. It was observed that the pisciculture project Ipirá shown to be potentially sustainable from a socioeconomic perspective (0.649). The indicators of health aspects (0,123), leisure (0,113) and health (0.110), showed in descending order, the main contributions in the composition of IDES, while the indicators income (0,040) and housing (0.79), essential for family maintenance and welfare conditions of the human being, showed the worst results. In conclusion, the results generated from the pisciculture project Ipirá, whose main objective is the generation of employment and income, failed in its totality achieve its main objective and proves to be not significantly influence the improvement of living conditions of families served, which is reinforced by the data collected in the field, where 86% of those interviewed survives with equal and less than one monthly minimum wage, supplemented by the help of the "bolsa família" and closures secure. Finally, we emphasize the relevance of Ipirá project as a case of socio-environmental policy with the potential to boost the local and a more optimistic outlook economy to become a model to be replicated and cover all the surrounding municipalities of Plant Reservoir Tucuruí, since failures in implementation and its management are resolved and payable are taken providential, as indicated by this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems
(2013) AGUIAR, Jonas da Paz; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; GOMES, Maria de Fátima; CARNEIRO, Jeferson Costa; SILVA, Simoni Santos da; RODRIGUES, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ostreicultura no nordeste paraense: estado atual e perspectivas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-14) SAMPAIO, Dioniso de Souza; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6310836748316181
In the first article (Chapter 1), aspects related to the oyster culture supply chain in the state of Pará were evaluated. Between 2013 and 2014, research was carried out in seven associations involved in oyster culture through interviews with the president of each association, as well as with 56 members (72% of the total). Secondary data were obtained with the permission of management reports from the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service of the State of Pará. The associations Agromar, Nova Olinda and Aquavila, Lauro Sodré stand out from the rest due to their larger on-growing areas and total production in 2013. However, smaller associations are more efficient with higher production per unit area. Although associations have grown in numbers since 2006, along with increased capacity and output due to government assistance, compared to other regions of Brazil, they need to be better organized internally. Associations should be less reliant on public funding and develop more partnerships with private enterprise. In addition, there must be active co-participation in the development of legislation and public policies that regulate oyster culture and the protection of natural oyster beds. In the second article (Chapter 2), the present study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of water at all oyster farming units in Pará. Salinity, temperature (oC), oxidation-reduction potential (mV), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg.l-1), depth (m) and the concentration of chlorophyll-a (mg.m3) were measured in situ in both the dry season of 2013 and the rainy season of 2014. All variables, except depth, were significantly higher in the dry season. Mean salinity, which ranged from 2.4 to 46, is the most important variable that explains the variation between associations in relation to the season, date of sampling in each season and state of the tide. However, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth were also important.Oyster culture units in Pará can be defined in terms of water quality as suitable for harvesting xxii seed from the wild (lower salinity and pH), or for on-growing of adults (higher values of salinity, pH and depth). In the third article (Chapter 3), settlement, seed size, larval development in the laboratory, growth and aspects of the commercialization of cultivated oysters were investigated from 2012 to 2016 in five culture units in pará, during periods varying from 6 to 12 months. Seed length differed between December 2014 (21 mm) and April 2015 (12 mm) and smaller size appears associated with higher precipitation. Native seed numbers were higher in the on-growing area whereas abundance of exotic seed was low. Larval development is best at salinities of 16 and 21, in which the pediveliger stage appeared after 53 days. Oyster growth in culture was variable, but market size was reached in at least 4 months at Agromar, Aappns and Asapaq. Mortality ranged from 19% to 46%, comparable to other C. gasar cultures. Oyster mass varies monthly and between crops, and is related to pre-sale size selection. On average, oysters in the Baby and Médio classes are 77% and 80% shell. Aquavila is suitable for harvesting seed, whereas Agromar has the lowest mortality and is suitable for on-growing. Most of the oysters sold at Agromar are within the class limits, whereas those sold at Aquavila are larger.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Peixes ornamentais do rio xingu: manutenção e reprodução do Acari zebra Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-29) RAMOS, Fabrício Menezes; CORDEIRO, Carlos Alberto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5010139685215361; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
The Hypancistrus zebra is an endangered species, but remains illegally captured and sold in the Middle Xingu region, mainly due to lack of creating technology that enable its creation in captivity and reduce the exploitation of natural stocks. Thus, the main objective of this work is to generate maintenance protocols and reproduction of zebra pleco, Hypancistrus zebra in captivity. Therefore, we obtained 300 copies of acari zebra according to SISBIO authorization No. 38215-2 and ethics committee animal No 03.14.00.017.00.00. This study was divided into four chapters, the first being related to conduct an inventory of the species of the Xingu River to select the priority species for the development of farming technologies; Evaluate the acceptability of different food and shelter in maintaining zebra pleco maintained in the laboratory; To evaluate various conditions for inducing playback zebra pleco in tanks and; Evaluate feeding management for fry of F1 generation Hypancistrus zebra. Based on the array were chosen five species of the family Loricariidae (Hypancistrus zebra, Hypancistrus sp.2, Baryancistrus xanthelus, Scobinancistrus sp.3 and Ancistrus sp.4), one species to Potamotrygonidae (Potamotrygon leopoldii) and two species of cichlid (Creniciclha regani and Teleociclha spp.). With respect to the preference for shelters acari zebra time spent in shelters was higher in clay shelters (276 ± 51 day min-1) followed by the stone shelter (198 ± 96 day min-1), outside the shelter (134 ± 15 day min-1), and PVC under (70 ± 52 day min-1). The preference for food the sort order of preference of the food was higher for Artemia sp. followed by food fish, shrimp and mussels. But when the fish fed with Artemia sp. or mix food, they had higher final weight, final length and weight gain compared to single foods with shrimp and fish. Regarding the frequency and feed rate, there was no interaction between the rate and the supply frequency and the frequency 2:03 daily feeds and feed rate of 10% day-1 body weight promote better results of production performance. It was also observed that the best storage density is 2.00 g L-1 to provide the best specific growth rate. Regarding reproduction were observed five spawns from different couples, and 3 to 1 male and 2 females. The biggest male is the dominant territorialist and have parental care. average position of 13.8 ± 6.72 eggs, diameter of 4.4 ± 0.12, volume 41.4 mm3 volume and calf 34.3 mm3. The outbreak is 7 days post fertilization (PF) and PF 17 days the yolk sac has been absorbed. The different values tested for electrical conductivity in the water and hormonal treatments were not enough to promote spawns in acari zebras. Performance figures in fingerlings acari zebra remained similar between the treatments. It follows therefore, that the zebra pleco is the kind of priority Xingu river in technology development. The use of ceramic refuges is the most suitable in Hypancistrus zebra. The zebra pleco should be cultivated at a density of 2 g L-1, and its power is not random, with preference for brine shrimp, which must be distributed in 10% day-1 body weight in 2 daily feedings. In addition to complementary food brine shrimp can be combined to provide similar performance. Captive breeding is however possible new techniques that facilitate the scheduling of reproduction should be evaluated. Furthermore, due to the short larval stage and with great reserve yolk sac, promote healthier fry and being resistant to feed frequency not directly influence on performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil da piscicultura na mesorregião sudoeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) OLIVEIRA, Adna Suany Cardoso de; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
This research aimed at characterizing the recent development of fish farming in southwestern Pará state in the Brazilian Amazon and how this economic activity is organized. Site visits were made to fish farms in the municipalities of Altamira, Brasil Novo, Medicilândia, Uruará, Vitória do Xingu, Itaituba, Aveiro, Jacareacanga, Novo Progresso, Rurópolis e Trairão. Data were obtained through the application of questionnaires with questions pertaining to characteristics of the production system and marketing. The sample included 143 fish farms, of which 65.9% practiced a semi-intensive system and 31.7% an extensive system. The employed labor force is drawn mostly from the immediate family. Fish farming is a complementary activity in 81% of the farms visited. The management of fish farms consists of several basic operations, such as rearing in ponds with locally produced feed (82%) and commercial fish ration (47.7%). The most commonly cultivated species are round fish (13%) as the preferred first cultivated species and tilapia (18%) as second choice. The average yearly yield was 8209 kg/ha for round fish and 3727 kg / ha for tilapia. The average yield of all species reached 14,339 tons/ha. The principle difficulties encountered by regional fish farmers are: lack of technical assistance, obtaining fingerlings, high feed prices, and lack of production incentives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil da piscicultura na região sudeste do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-27) SILVA, Ana Martha Castelo Branco da; SOUZA, Raimundo Aderson Lobão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4922849102516924
The fish culture has attained a lot of attention by the small and mid entrepreneurs in Brazil. Based on this assertion, the current study aims at enlarging the knowledge on the profile of the fish culture as it is practiced in the state of Pará by the producers in the Southeast region. Interviews have been performed with the employment of questionnaires to the small producers of 12 municipalities in the Southeast of Pará. In loco observations were made and written notes and photography were also taken in field research. The predominant culture system is the extensive system. The purchase of the fingerlings is mostly made from sites located out of State, what may be solved with the settlement of production units. Fish farming must be incentivized in net tanks or enclosures, as well as the policulture and the consortium between fish and birds, as they have proved rather effective. The production in the Southeast of Pará may be improved with the provision of technical assistance, cheaper fish food and investments by private and public institutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Três décadas de mudanças na planície costeira brasileira: O status dos manguezais, da aquicultura e salicultura a partir de séries temporais Landsat e técnicas de aprendizado de máquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-31) DINIZ, Cesar Guerreiro; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Since the 1980s, land-use and land-cover (LULC) mapping has become a common scientific task. However, the systematic and continuous identification of any terrestrial use or cover, whether on a global or regional scale, demands large storage and processing capacities. This thesis presents two cloud computing pipelines to analyze: 1) the annual status of Brazilian mangroves from 1985 to 2018, along with a new spectral index, the Modular Mangrove Recognition Index (MMRI), which has been specifically designed to better discriminate mangrove forests from the surrounding vegetation, and 2) the annual status of the aquaculture and salt-culture over the Brazilian coastal plains. The mangrove cover showed two distinct occupation periods, 1985-1998 and 1999-2018. The first period shows an upward trend, which seems to be related more to the uneven distribution of Landsat data than to the regeneration of Brazilian mangroves. In the second period, a mangrove loss trend was registered, reaching up to 2% of the mangrove forest. On a regional scale, ~80% of Brazil's mangrove cover is located in the Amazon, Maranhao, Para, Amapa states. In terms of persistence, ~75% of the Brazilian mangroves remained unchanged for two decades or more, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. As for item 2, aquaculture and salt-culture are two of the most classical coastal land-uses worldwide. It isn't different in Brazil, where both land-uses are related to relevant economic activities in the Brazilian Coastal Zone (BCZ). However, to automatically discriminate such activities from other water-related covers/uses is not an easy task. Spectrally speaking, water is water and, unless it presents a high concentration of optically active compounds, not much can be done to dissociate a variety of water-related targets. In this sense, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have the advantage of predicting a given pixel's label by providing as input a local region (named patches or chips) around that pixel. Both the convolutional nature and the semantic segmentation capability allow the U-Net classifier, a type of CNN, to access the "context domain" instead of solely isolated pixel values. Backed by the context domain, the results obtained show that the BCZ aquaculture/saline ponds occupied ~356 km² in 1985 and ~544 km² in 2019, reflecting an area expansion of 52% (~185 km²), a rise of 1.5x in 35 years. From 1997 to 2015, the saline/aquaculture area grew by a factor of ~ 1.7, jumping from 349 km2 to 583 km2, a 67% increase. In 2019, the northeast sector concentrated 93% of the coastal aquaculture/salt-culture surface, 6% in Southeast and 1% in South. Interestingly, despite presenting extensive coastal zones and suitable conditions for developing different aquaculture products, the Amazon coast shows no relevant aquaculture infrastructure sign.