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Estudo comportamental de Besourão-de-rabo-branco Phaethornis superciliosus (Aves, Trochilidae) no Parque Ecológico de Gunma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-05) BRITO, Duan da Silva; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Acoustic communication in hummingbirds has long been neglected due to the conspicuous coloration that represents a sophisticated visual communication of most representatives of this group. However, recent studies have found that there is evidence of vocal learning in some species of Trochilidae. The present study focuses on the vocal behavior of the hummingbird Phaethornis superciliosus, abundant species in the Amazon region. This species has a mating system as formation of leks, which is the aggregation of males in a small territory, where they display to other males and females, in order to attract the latter to mate. The aim of this study was to analyze the vocal P. superciliosus arranged in six leks in Gunma Ecological Park, Santa Bárbara do Pará, 50 km north of Belém, considering the issue and physical structure of the song, his repertoire, the frequency of issue throughout the day and year and the dynamics of leks. We found that the population presented a vocal repertoire consisting of two notes that are issued alternately. The songs of the individuals analyzed showed significant differences between them considering the physical parameters of sound (maximum and minimum frequency, duration and interval between the notes and the rhythm of emission of the notes). This inter-individual differentiation may be related to sexual selection, in which the song may allow individual recognition, their social position and its performance for attracting females. We found that the vocal activity is more intense between June and November, a period that probably corresponds to the breeding season. We conducted playback tests, which consist of playing a previously recorded sound and record the response triggered in one of the leks in two different sites, simulating the input of another individual. The playback response is significantly different from the spontaneous song in all parameters. The response to the playback shows the songs that a reduction in the frequency range in which the song was issued and the rate of emission of notes faster. These call features can be related to a more aggressive behavior. The leks are formed in edge areas and always near streams, with the size of the area ranging between 86m2 and 1314m2, composed of two to four individuals 7m to 72m away from each other. Our results showed that the social organization of the lek should be better understood by more detailed studies on the possible meaning that individual differences in the songs may represent for the establishment of the hierarchical position of individuals in the leks.