Navegando por Assunto "Arqueologia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 26

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial dos sítios monumentais do leste da Amazônia ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-19) BARBOSA, Antonia Damasceno; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
This study aimed to analyze the geometric enclosures located in the eastern state of Acre, using geoprocessing tools and considering environmental and cultural factors that could have influenced the decisions of social groups on the location and morphology of these archaeological sites. The approach of landscape archaeology was used, as well as GIS as an analytical tool. From the survey data of 419 geometric enclosures in eastern Acre State, the research investigated cultural patterns related to the morphology and configuration, location and orientation of sites, using statistical and methods of spatial analysis. The study concluded that patterned building techniques were used in the construction of the enclosures and their location took into account the proximity of water sources, soil types and elevation. Morphological characteristics were associated with the size and location of sites. The survey also found that most of the enclosures was constructed to mark the winter or summer solstice. Considerations were also made on the state of conservation of sites and challenges to the management of this heritage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arqueologia do baixo Tapajós: ocupação humana na periferia do domínio tapajônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-17) MARTINS, Cristiane Maria Pires; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
This research investigates a archaeological site located on a supposed south boundary of the Incised and Punctate Tradition area of influence, in the lower Tapajós River, and debates the results of the investigation in the light of the data and hypotheses on the precolonial occupation of the region. Archaeological investigations in the region in the last couple of years have revealed that the area of dispersal of this tradition is larger than previously expected. Material culture styles and the ways the landscape was occupied seem to indicate cultural contact between the inhabitants of the lower Tapajós River and the peoples who lived on the Nhamundá and Trombetas rivers basins by the end of the first millennium. So being, this research focus was twofold: (1) a local scale, with reference to Serraria Trombetas site and a detailed study of the in-site space as a micro cosmos of a regional history; and (2) a regional scale, comparing local results with the chronology and the characteristics of other sites in the region. Cultural diversity among the pre-colonial indigenous groups in the region was studied through ceramic styles, lithic objects, spatial distribution of vestiges in the local and regional levels, and the absolute chronology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade física dos Paleoamericanos de Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais: análise das propriedades geométricas da secção transversal de ossos longos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-07) DIAS, Bárbara Vieira; GLÓRIA, Pedro José Tótora da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111647253588398; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7826
The Lagoa Santa region has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world since the 19th century, especially regarding its extensive osteological collection. Since the research carried out by Peter Lund, the interest in aspects such as the health and lifestyle of the Lagoa Santa groups has been growing, resulting in analyses that have contributed to understanding the lives of some of the oldest Paleoamericans in South America. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cross-sectional properties of the femur and humerus of a skeletal sample of Paleoamericans from Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, and, from this analysis, infer the levels of physical activity of these hunter-gatherers. In total, the Lagoa Santa sample consists of 52 femurs and 44 humeri, all belonging to adult individuals. Computed tomography was used to obtain images of the internal structure of the bones, without causing any damage to the bones. The analyses were performed using the ImageJ program and generated data regarding the variables TA, CA, Ix, Iy, Imax, Imin, Zx, Zy, Zp and J. In addition, groups of hunter-gatherers and farmers from 11 world regions were selected to compose a comparative sample. The results demonstrated that Lagoa Santa presents a high activity of the lower limbs, similar to other hunter-gatherers, with the results for the upper limb decreasing high asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. Therefore, the physical activity patterns observed in Lagoa Santa are aligned with those of hunter-gatherers and show bone adaptations that reflect a physically active life, while the use of the upper limbs suggests a difference in the activities performed by male and female groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Castanhal-PA: a diversidade biocultural como chave para o conhecimento arqueológico na região (sítios arqueológicos e áreas de uso de sítio)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-02) NEVES NETO, Stellyrio de Brito; CUNHA, Janice Muriel Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4027012189701116; LOPES, Paulo Roberto do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2039723060755142
Este estudio investigó la diversidad biocultural en el municipio de Castanhal-PA, centrándose en su interacción histórica con la antropización urbana y posibles áreas de sitio y uso de sitios arqueológicos. Se analizaron datos históricos y geográficos del municipio, así como la ocupación de dos áreas principales de estudio: el Parque Municipal Castanhal y la Comunidad Restante Quilombola de Macapazinho. La investigación incluye visitas de campo, registros fotográficos y análisis de imágenes satelitales, que contribuyeron para la inferencia de áreas con potencial arqueológico en los lugares visitados, y generaron insumos para futuras investigaciones dentro del territorio Castanhal, proponiendo estrategias efectivas de preservación de estos espacios. La investigación reveló la importancia de preservar espacios con potencial arqueológico para mantener el equilibrio entre urbanización, conservación ambiental, respeto al patrimonio cultural y políticas de educación ambiental dirigidas a la comunidad dentro de la realidad local. El trabajo destaca la relevancia de las políticas públicas orientadas a la sostenibilidad y la protección de los restos culturales y naturales de la región, además de explicar la necesidad de investigaciones más multidimensionales de manera interdisciplinaria.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento do mercúrio em perfis de solos do sítio Ilha de Terra-Caxiuanã, Pará
(2010) GURJÃO, Robson da Silva; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; DANTAS FILHO, Heronides Adonias; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes; LIMA, Wivian Thaís dos Santos de; KERN, Dirse Clara
Behavior of mercury in soil profiles with archaeological black earth (ABE) and surroundings area (SA) from Sítio Ilha de Terra, Caxiuanã, can provide information on anthropogenic activity of the Amazonian habitat. The samples of ABE and SA soil profiles were submitted to mineralogical chemical (total and sequential) analysis. The data show that the Hg occurs mainly in goethite and kaolinite in the two soil profiles. The highest concentrations of Hg and Fe are observed in the SA profile. These results indicate that the prehistoric human occupation contributed to the decrease of the concentration of Hg in soil ABE from Caxiuanã.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição dos sedimentos e ictiólitos para a identificação do ambiente de formação do Sambaqui do Moa (Saquarema-RJ)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-28) MACHADO, Sauri Moreira; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The Moa’s shellmound is an archaeological site located in Itaúna, Saquarema coastline from the State of Rio de Janeiro. Three moments of occupation were recognized this site: stratum 3 corresponding to the beginning of the occupation of this site basis; 2, intermediate, points to a more intense occupation with great concentration of mollusks, fish bones and human burials; and 1, the most superficial, related to the last occupation. To identify the environmental conditions of development from Moa’s shellmound, sediment samples and zooarchaeological material were collected in these three strata. The zooarchaeological material is represented by microscopic fish remains (ichthyoliths), composed by microteeth with different morphologies: canines, incisors and molars. The sediments according to XRD analyzes are composed by quartz and kaolinite, calcite, aragonite and fluorapatite. The latter is the main mineral of zooarchaeological material, while calcite and aragonite reflect the remains of shells contained there, abundant in this site. The mineralogical analyses were confirmed by chemical analysis, in which high levels of P2O5, CaO and FB (H2O, CO2), account for the fluorapatite, calcite and aragonite. Chemical modifications variations of the C and P in microteeth suggest that these experienced mineralization, an initial fossilization process, post-deposition. The data of stable isotopes 13C and 15N allowed defining the source of organic matter from Moa’s shellmound as marine/brackish, where the vegetation is represented, predominantly, for C3 plants by type of rainforest. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in ichthyoliths confirm that the environment surrounding the shellmound as estuary. The tooth morphology allowed us to recognize five families previously not recorded for the site, as Labridae, Serranidae, Ariidae, Erythrinidae and Characidae, which confirm the estuarine environment. The age of the Moa’s shellmound by radiocarbon from the sediments showed disruption of stratum 2, causing a reversal of aged strata which can be explained by processes of formation and/or changes in the rivers changed the geological and geomorphological settings area. Another explanation could be human interference, due to the large number of burials (over 30), has upset the order of the moments of occupation from Moa’s shellmound, and possible erosion. The Moa’s shellmound is therefore installed in an area of marine-estuarine transition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribution and availability of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the archaeological black earth profile from the Amazon region
(2011-08) MESCOUTO, Cleide Samara Tavares; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; DANTAS FILHO, Heronides Adonias; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; KERN, Dirse Clara; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes
The archaeological black earth soils are rich in organic matter, contain ceramic fragments and lithics artifacts and feature nutrients in higher concentrations than other types of soils. To contribute information about micronutrient concentrations available in black earth soils, the distribution and availability of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the archaeological black earth profile from the municipal district of Juruti, Pará State, was evaluated through sequential chemical extractions. The largest concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the profile are found in the residual fraction. This study showed that the iron, manganese and zinc are preferentially available from the fractions associated with Fe-Mn oxides ranging from 1265.39 to 1818.12 mg kg-1, 0.83 to 48.51 mg kg-1 and 1.92 to 12.05 mg kg-1 respectively, and the copper from organic matter, ranging from 0.13 to 0.45 mg kg-1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do tempo dos pretos d’antes aos povos do Aproaga: patrimônio arqueológico e territorialidade quilombola no vale do rio Capim (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-01) MORAES, Irislane Pereira de; MARQUES, Fernando Luiz Tavares; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0365104813041022
This master's dissertation were built from the dialogue between anthropology and archeology, seeking to understand the uses and meanings that archaeological heritage plays in the field of contemporary social relations, specifically, those built according to the logic of traditional peoples and communities. Understood as an ethnographic category, heritage allows a glimpse on the meanings of quilombolas communities from Taperinha, Nova Ipixuna, Sauá-Mirim, Benevides and Alegre Vamos, in São Domingos do Capim (State of Pará), draw around the archaeological site Aproaga. In the struggle for definitive titration of its territory the quilombolas define themselves as Peoples of Aproaga, in this context, cultural awareness enables the construction of collective identity. Around the historic ruins of the Greathouse of Sugar Plantation from the colonial age, the social memory about the time when the Blacks were slaves restores and strengthens the present cultural references and ethnic boundaries in consonance to the feeling of belonging to Aproaga. Thus, public archeology and ethnography allows us to understand the dynamics and social relations of the present and its fruitions with the past, the meanings of material culture as well, the ethnic dimensions which heritage might take in the context of territorial rights of communities descendants and / or origin. Whereas, the territoriality quilombola built by the People of Aproaga imply a critical way of thinking about heritage policies in Amazon, and more broadly the reflexivity of the research towards a decolonial science praxis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de paisagem aplicada à análise ambiental do sítio arqueológico PA-BA-84: Alunorte em Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-13) PEREIRA, Elves Marcelo Barreto; GONÇALVES, Nelson Veiga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8811269146444725; SENNA, Cristina do Socorro Fernandes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6622787329862653
One of the task of the archaeological research in Amazon is to understand the relationships between past human populations and tropical rain forest. Is very important to define landscape units on contextual human occupation process and thus, to integrate this environmental data to archaeological sites context. This article aims to define the composition of conceptual landscape units of the archeological site PA-BA-84: ALUNORTE, utilizing the geographic approach of the Landscape Ecology as the efficient tool on archaeological patrimony preservation policy. This systemic approach outstanding the mutual interdependency of the landscape elements and yours interactions, generating two spacial units: microenvironment and macroenvironment of the archaeological site. The taxonomic classification of the landscape units is related to distinct spacial scales of geographic units, where geosystem unit is related to major scale of the site macroenvironment analisys, while geofacies unit and geotop unit are related to minor scales of the site microenvironment analisys. The results show the effort to define the conceptual limits of the archaeological sites and boths geographic and environmental context of the use of the space for distinct activities, that involve fishing, hunting party, searching of vegetable resource, ritual practices and others, generally preserved on boths archaeological artifacts and ecofacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geofísica aplicada à Arqueologia: investigação no Sítio Histórico Engenho Murutucu, em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-21) MELO, Marina da Silveira e; LUIZ, José Gouvêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8676530374310847
This research sought through geophysical methodology the indication of possible locations of buried remains of occupation and foundations of the old construction of a slave quarter in the Engenho Murutucu, a historical site that has importance and relevance for the history of Pará. Following a magnetic map constructed with data from a previous research, 26 GPR profiles were carried out in the area using a 400 MHz antenna. The investigated depth in the GPR profiles was around 1,75 m. The analysis and correlation of the magnetic and GPR data allowed to reach the purpose of the research. The resulting geophysical indications will guide the future archaeological interventions in the site.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geoquímica e pedogeoquímica em sítios arqueológicos com terra preta na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (Portel-PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-06-04) KERN, Dirse Clara; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The main objective of the present work is to identify the geochemical and pedological distribution patterns in archeological black earth (ABE) sites and adjacent areas, as well as, the anthropogenic action on the chemical elements responsible for the typical ABE geochemical associations. Three archeological sites were selected in the Caxiuanã region, Portel Municipality, Pará State. Trenches were excavated in these sites and in adjacent areas as well. At Manduquinha cite, the soil-horizon sampling have been carried out by collecting at each 5 m along N-S trending traverses. The archeological-material sampling has been based on an Al-horizon P2O5-distribution map on which even-spaced points have been plotted from places bearing the lowest and the highest P2O5 concentrations. For each of these points, chemical and mineralogical analyses have been made aiming at the following determinations: a) mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction; b) SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3, P2O5 (Al2B4O7), Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn (HF + HC1PO4 total dissolution), and C (modified Walkley-Black method), by atomic absorption, colorimetry, and titration; c) As, Se (hydrides), Hg (vapor), Zn, Mn, and Fe (NH4 oxalate + oxalic acid), sorptive ion-complexes (NH4 acetate at pH 7.0), by atomic absorption; d) Cr, B, V, Sc, by optical-ernission spectrochemical analysis, U, by fluorometry, and F by specific-ion electrode analysis; e) Ba, Cl, Ga, Nb, Sr, Y, and Zr by X-ray fluorescence; f) qualitative chemical composition of ceramic and sou by means of scanning electron microscopy; and, g) radiocarbon (C") dating of ceramic artifacts. From a geological point of view, the Caxiuanã region is made up of sediments belonging to Alter do Chão Formation which have been laterized in Tertiary. Ironstones also occur in that region, outcropping at the bay water level and, sometimes, they were used as abrasive material by the prehistoric man. The main drainage system is constituted by the Caxiuanã bay and the Anapu river. Yellow latosol predominates compared with lateritic profiles; hydromorphic soils also occur at the lower portions. The ABE occurrences, known as archeological sites, are found in the higher portions of the latosol domain and are characterized by a dark-colored soil and by the presence of numerous ceramic fragments and lithitic artifacts. In comparison with the adjacent areas, the ABE's A-horizons, besides exhibiting a dark color, are sandier and structurally better organized. Their bases exchange_sum, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and pH values are higher than those of the adjacent soils, being thus more fertile than the other ones are. The B horizons do not show significant changes regarding their morphological, physical and chemical aspects both in ABE's and adjacent arcas. The chemical composition essentially constituted by SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 is consistent with the described mineral assemblage which comprises quartz, kaolinite, ghoetite, and anatase, The ABE's A-horizon, compared with the B horizon, presents higher contents of SiO2, MgO, CaO, P2O5, C, Ba, Cl, Cu, K, Mn, Sr, and Zn; and lower values of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, As, Cd, Co, Ga, Cr, F, Pb, Se, and V, that is the first group got enriched and the second one depleted in these elements. Some elements such as Nb, Hg, and Zr do not show significant relative variations from ABE to adjacent areas. In Manduquinha site, soil morphologic features allowed the separation of the ABE's into N and S domains. Due to the fact of being at a slightly lower topographic level, the S-dornain generates an anaerobic microenvironment during the rainier season. The geochemical distribution of the elements in the A, horizon reflects the environmental changes which took place in ABE's. The S-domain is enriched in Si, Mg, P, Ba, Cl, Cu, K, Mn, Sr, and Zn; and presents lower concentrations of the remaining elements, The geochemical data treated through R-type cluster analysis, isocon maps, and factor analysis allowed the identification of three major geochemical associations and their respective concentration areas. 1) P2O5, MgO, CaO, Ba, Cu, Cl, Mn, Sr, and Zn represent the elements, closely related to the ABE's, which have been added to soil; 2) Fe2O3, Na2O, As, Cd, Co, Cr, F, Ga, Pb, and V correspond to the regional latosol geochemical signature which has indirectly been modified by the prehistoric human activity in the site; e, 3) B, Hg, Nb, Sc, Y, and Zr also constitute the regional latosol geochemical signature although they have not undergone significant changes in consequence of the past human occupation. Manduquinha site has been occupied by the prehistoric man during a period of at least 300 years (1280 to 1600 AD). Characteristics of their ceramic manufacture such as the use of antiplastic materials as well as burning and ornamentation techniques corroborate the hypothesis of cultural continuity. The occupation by the people which inhabited that place may have been contínuos or not. In both cases, the small ABE's surface extension (0.5 ha), the shallow depth of the anthropogenic-modified bed, and the small amount of archeological material suggest an occupation with low population density. The cultural habit of disposing organic leavings at separated places led to a significant increase in P, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Zn in the ABE's. The elevated Ca contents at the southwestern limit may be accounted for remains of shells, commonly found in the form of pockets in other archeological cites in the region. In the west- and northwestern ABE's parts there has been a greater addition of materials Mg- and P-rich in such as bones, feces, urine etc., while in the southeast- and northeastern portions it has been observed predominance of Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-rich materials. In the northern part, where the soil is more compact, and at the central portion as well, the occurrence of lower contents of the above-mentioned elements is interpreted to be a consequence of the localization of circulation areas of the group. The pedogenetic processes, which took place after the prehistoric human occupation, related to the own ground surface conformation favored a stronger leaching of P, Ba, B, Ca, Cl, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Zn which concentrate at the extreme-south, in the adjacent area Fe2O3 and associated elements are found in greater concentrations in the northern part with clear dispersion southward.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
GPR aplicado à arqueologia nas áreas do porto da Cargill (Santarém/PA) e no Palacete Faciola (Belém/PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUZA, Danusa Mayara de; LUIZ, José Gouvêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8676530374310847
This study was conducted in two areas. The first, located at the backyard of the Palacete Faciola, Belém/PA and, the second, named 4A, in the Archaeological Site PA-ST-42, located at the Port of Santarém/PA. The geophysical survey described in this work was undertaken in order to assist in archaeological prospecting, indicating places for future excavations in order to detect structures and/or artifacts buried on the sites. The radargrams acquired in both areas showed several anomalous features. Until the finish of this work any excavation had been undertaken in Palacete Faciola. In 4A area, however, two trenches were opened revealing various archaeological fragments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
High resolution GPR applied to the “Capela Pombo”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) ESPEJO ZEBALLOS, Manuel Alejandro Junior; SILVA, Marcos Welby Correa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3213216758254128
In this work was applied electromagnetic method (GPR), to identify surface layers in a speci c urban environment. The measurements were performed to map the surface layers and artifacts that make up the study area "Capela de Nosso Senhor dos Passos - a Capela Pombo" in the Barrio of Campina-Bel em. This chapel has a previous work that rescues the importance y architectural features that it has, together with the evidence recollected by the author Dominic Savio de Castro Oliveira, who noted the historical importance that has not only to be the last private chapel in the city of Belém, this author also acknowledges her design as an Italian architect's work possible Guissepi Jos e Antonio Landi. The pro les obtained after corresponding processing procedure, show that this probably presences of structures, rest of the previous building structure, which previously was in this space. The study aimed to identify anomalies. The study aimed to identify structural abnormalities, as well as possible characteristic burials of the time when it was actively used. The results of the GPR measurements were encouraging, since the method presented response of approximately 1.80 meters deep, one can identify anomalies control for the reasons as presented Chapel, and present possible anomalies related to structural foreign bodies.
Desconhecido
Ilusão e paraíso: história e arqueologia na Amazônia (1948-1965)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROSA, Cassia Santos da; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
The modern written of the Amazonian archaeology is related to the researches of north-american Betty Meggers (1921-) and Clifford Evans (1920-1981). The historical relevance of the research effected by the couple and especially for Meggers is the focus of this dissertation. The objective is to present a social and intellectual history of Amazonian archaeology being taken as central focus the a focus the activity of Betty Meggers in the Amazon rain forest with the purpose to understand the process of production, circulation, reception and discussion around the hypotheses about the occupation of the Amazon, and theirs influences contemporaries in the field of Amazonian archaeology. And, in this way, to analyze the historical insertion that the couple reached in the scientific field about the Amazon.
Desconhecido
Investigação com os métodos GPR e magnético de urnas funerárias do Sítio Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-21) SILVEIRA, Eric Sandro Ferreira da; SILVA, Lúcia Maria da Costa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8612431024609774
This paper presents the results of the application of geophysical methods in the selection of potential areas for archeological site at Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro in the state of Pará. The site has urns indigenous outcropping and sub-outcropping plenty of archaeological interest. The methods used were Magnetometry and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The magnetic measurements were employed to indicate the most appropriate sites for excavation greatly reducing the potential areas. The GPR was used to confirm the anomalies detected by magnetic measurements and provide a better spatial assessment both horizontally and vertically, reducing the errors when they identify magnetic anomalies that are not caused by archaeological features. The study methodology was based on comparison of anomalies obtained from unknown areas which anomalies from areas where exists urns and roots, characterizing and grouping these anomalies.
Desconhecido
“O melhor sítio da terra”: colégio e igreja dos jesuítas e a paisagem da Belém do GRÃO-PARÁ: um estudo de arqueologia da arquitetura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-29) LOPES, Rhuan Carlos dos Santos; MARQUES, Fernando Luiz Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0365104813041022
This research investigates the insertion of the jesuit’s school and church in colonial Belém. It analizes, from the perspective of the archaeology of architecture, the way this edification became a powerful element in the landscape of the oldest part of the city. In addition, I establish an analytical relationship of this process with the foundation of the Feliz Lusitânia project, in the historical center of the capital of Pará. The research was based on both the colonial period documentation and the Feliz Lusitânia project. I analyzed the discourses in these sources, regarding the intentions of the agents in charge of conforming a landscape of power in the oldest part of Belém. I have also used maps and images to show belém’s spatial arrangement and the presence of the builidings investigated. Thereby, I observed the differentiated layers in the local landscape, having in mind the ideological manifestations expressed in the architecture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O método GPR aplicado à arqueologia no Sítio PA-ST-42: porto de Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-06) FURTADO, Carla Patrícia Queiroz; SILVA, Marcos Welby Correa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3213216758254128
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia geofísica aplicada ao estudo arqueológico dos sítios Bittencourt e Jambuaçu, Estado do Pará
(2010-06) ARAGÃO, Rigler da Costa; LUIZ, José Gouvêa; LOPES, Paulo Roberto do Canto
Magnetic, total count gamma radiation, and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements were carried out on two archaeological sites located adjacent to the place where a miner duct will be buried. The aim of the measurements was to indicate the optimal áreas for archaeological excavation to find subsurface remains related to ancient communities that lived in the sites. Magnetic measurements showed anomalies that lead to the discovery of a large amount of ceramic fragments and other remains. Gamma radiation allowed discriminating argillaceous from sandy soil, an important result since sandy soil can be correlated to the archaeological layer, where remains are normally found. Ground penetrating radar confirmed the magnetic anomalies and showed several other anomalous features not related to the archaeological remains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia, química e avaliação da fertilidade potencial de fragmentos cerâmicos de sítio de terra preta: Caxiuanã, Juruti, Barcarena e Quebrada Tacana.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-24) SILVA, Glayce Jholy Souza da; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
Small areas with Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) soils stretch across the Amazon region. Among its most striking features stand out the high nutrient content and contain human occupation remains. Ceramic fragments are the most frequently recovered in these soils. The high content of phosphorus in the ADE has long been reported and recent studies show that the fragments also contain them. In order to relate the fertility of the ADE to the abundant presence of ceramic fragments, this work aimed to investigate the chemical and mineralogical composition as well as evaluating the fertile character of the fragments and their ability to release nutrients to the soil. For this goal it was selected 44 ceramic fragments collected at four sites: Barcarena, Caxiuanã, Juruti and Tacana at Leticia in Colombia. The mineralogical analysis was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the determination of antiplásticos and textural aspects of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composition was determined by ICP-MS via alkaline fusion. The extraction of the nutrients phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron and sodium was performed with Mehlich 1. In the desorption tests were used only suspensions containing citric acid (pH 4.5-5.5) in allusion to the presence of humic acids in TPA soils. The fragments contain quartz and metakaolin as common stages and distinguish each other by the presence of talc, calcite and hematite fragments in Raimundo site; chlorite in Quebrada Tacana and Barcarena; cristobalite in Raimundo and Quebrada Tacana. The high content of SiO2 and Al2O3 agree with the dominant mineralogy, quartz and kaolinite; K2O composes the feldspars and micas, especially in Juruti; CaO are in low concentrations, except for Raimundo because of the presence of shells in both fragments and in the soil; whereas P2O5 reached values of 0.9, 2.9 and 4.7% in the fragments of the Raimundo, Quebrada Tacana and Juruti sites, respectively, without finding crystalline mineral phase; in Barcarena is virtually absent. The microcrystalline nature of the metakaolinite plasmic observed under an optical microscope, constitutes the matrix. The amorphous nature is indicated by the high background observed in most diffraction patterns and the classification as metakaolinite as permitted by the high content of SiO2 and Al2O3; together they represent more than 50% of bulk composition. The tempers ranged from according to the origin of the fragments. Cariape is common in the fragments of Raimundo, Quebrada Tacana and Barcarena; cauixi in Juruti’s fragments; coal in Quebrada Tacana, while shells are restricted to fragments of Raimundo. The results for fertility showed that the fragments of Quebrada Tacana and Juruti stand out in the contents of available P reaching 1045 e 2250 mg/dm³, respectively, while very low concentrations of this nutrient were found in Barcarena fragments. With reference to exchangeable K all fragments showed high contents, the largest variations were found for Zn, Mg, Mn, while exchangeable Ca stood out in fragments of the Raimundo site. Tests for desorption prove that the fragments release nutrients, especially phosphorus, found in high contents in samples from the Quebrada Tacana and Juruti, and even nutrients like calcium and magnesium, present in low concentrations also undergo desorption. These results indicate that ceramic vessels were made from basic clayey raw material, common, represented by kaolinite and quartz, in other words clays. The mineralogical variations are reflections of local geology and the different tempers added to the ceramic. The kaolinite present in some fragments is a new-formed product from the changes experienced by the fragment rich in SiO2 and Al2O3. The metakaolinite is a product of burned of raw material (rich in kaolinite). Different tempers added could be related to preference or availability of each people in the region, whose importance for the manufacture of ceramic materials was known. The nutrient contents of the fragments are favorable to agriculture, especially phosphorus (except in Barcarena) and potassium. Moreover, they are able to release them in the presence of an organic acid, which is common product of decomposition of organic matter and is exuded by the roots of some plant species, indicating that the fragment can assume the same behavior in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças paleoecológicas nos últimos seis mil anos na região costeira do Nordeste paraense: reconstruindo o Sambaqui Porto da Mina pela integração de dados ambientais (Quatipuru, Brasil).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-14) MACHADO, Sauri Moreira.; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The Porto da Mina shellmound is an archaeological site located in Quatipuru, Pará State, which shows records of continuous occupation and abundant zoological material dating back to approximately 5,280 years BP. This work aimed to reconstruct the existing environment during the establishment of this shellmound. For this, bio-anthracological profiles were elaborated, with sediment samples and zoological material collection. The research had a multidisciplinary character, including geological, chemical (X-ray diffraction and fluorescence), biological and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) analyzes. Ecological, climate and land use simulation modeling were also performed. The results showed that the archaeological site consists of silt and clay granulometry containing predominance of quartz, hematite, kaolinite and calcite. These constituents corroborated the shellmound presence in the study area, which was also evidenced by the presence of carbonate invertebrate fossils such as oysters, cockles, mussels and crabs. In addition, temperature variations of around 10 °C were recorded, which although high, was not a sudden climate change for the Holocene. Analysis of the land use and land cover changes evolution suggests that regardless of the increasing and continuous land use, the rate of deforestation is considered relatively low for the Porto da Mina shellmound’s area. Therefore, it is argued that anthropogenic deforestation in the surrounding region of the site did not play a significant role in climate change occurring during site activity.