Navegando por Assunto "Aspectos sociais"

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A água para o consumo humano: ensino por meio de temas com abordagem em ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-02) RIBEIRO, Dayane Negrão Carvalho; ALMEIDA, Ana Cristina Pimentel Carneiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1265908866509687
Water is a topic commonly treated in the teaching of science, but a resource availability scenario lacks discussions to training for citizenship through the recognition of scientific and technological issues surrounding access to the use and preservation of human life. In this scenario, this study sought to determine how the proposed theme "Water for Human Consumption" can influence the training for citizenship of elementary school students of a school of public schools in the city of Abaetetuba, generating in this context two thematic booklets on the proposal, namely: a thematic booklet for students and a booklet with activity suggestions for the teacher. The used theoretical foundation hás two sections. The first incorporates the approach in Science, Technology, Society and Environment and his notes to improve the teaching of science through teaching by theme based on three pedagogical moments of Delizoicov, Angotti and Pernambuco (2011), from the context of situations students in order to involve them actively in the search for solutions through diversified activities. In the second section I write about scientific knowledge related to water and its influence on the teaching of science. The research environment was formed through a short course, attended by eleven students of the sixth grade of elementary school as research subjects, as well as teacher-researcher. The action research was the methodological option chosen in this study to collect data, which are analyzed in light of the interpretative analysis of Creswell (2007). The data showed that the subject worked in the Science approach, Technology, Society and Environment enables students to recognize the problems of their reality, allowing its insertion in the search for solutions, and also shows the importance of working everyday reality, paying attention the difficulties of the students to express themselves orally and in writing. As for the teacher researcher, this study showed how reflective practice was important for the conduct of short course activities. Regarding the product of this work, the two primers for use in teaching-learning situation, I consider it possible that the treatment of the subject, because aroused the interest of students to continue the activities culminating in presentations to the school community. And yet, there was the drafting of a letter by students with proposals to solve specific problems that was sent to the school towards improving knowledge about the problems and possible solutions observed by students in their school environment, with regard to access to water for human consumption
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Caranguejo-Uçá, Ucides cordatus, (Linnaeus 1763): da captura à comercialização nas comunidades quilombolas cacau e terra amarela, Ilha de Colares, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-10) CARVALHO, Rogério Lopes; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
This study was conducted at the quilombola communities of Cacau and Terra Amarela, municipality of Colares, Pará State, Brazil. The objective was to describe and analyze the exploitation of the land crab, or mangrove crab (Ucides cordadus), in terms of some socioeconomic aspects, their techniques, strategies and areas of production adopted, and their forms of crab trade. And to compare these aspects with those from other traditional populations also dedicated to the same extractive activity. Semi-open questionnaires, direct observation in the field and trade and flowchart, were techniques applied in this research during 2013. In the communities studied, the extractive economy is predominant, and mangrove crab extraction is among the main activities. At Cacau and Terra Amarela, households have in average 4.3 and 4.9 members, respectively. Most of the families live in their own brickwork houses, built with conventional materials. Despite of this, these extractive households are poor and live in difficult conditions, with almost no access to public services. In general, the inhabitants stop attending school early in their lives, and most of them (72 to 82%) failed to complete the elementary school cycle. A low monthly household income was recorded; the majority of the households earn less than one minimum salary per month. The laço and the braceamento are the main techniques for obtaining the resource. The technique of braceamento is performed during the four days of work per week in average during the rainy months. The application of laço is performed in average during twelve days per month during the drought months. Cacau produces in average 52 (SD ± 15) crabs / work day / person and 110 (SD ± 56) crabs / work day / person in in the rainy and drought periods, respectively. In the Terra Amarela community these averages are 56 (SD ± 24) crabs / day / person and 150 (SD ± 72) crabs / day/ person. The inhabitants of these communities trade with intermediaries from the region. The crabs are sold in natura, whole and alive, transported in cofos in Cacau and bags in Terra Amarela. Are traded at prices that fluctuate throughout the year, from R$ 40.00 to R$ 80.00 each group of 100 individuals. The low pay for they work, together with low education level, deficiencies in infrastructure, low technology for production, and lack of local provision of public services are some of the aspects contributing to the low quality of life of these families in the communities. These factors also contribute for the maintenance of the engagement of local inhabitants in low value activities, such as the extraction of mangrove crabs. The conditions described for Cacau and Terra Amarela are quite similar to those observed in other traditional communities living and working in similar conditions in the coastal region of Pará State, Brazil. The extraction and trade are very similar to most of the traditional communities that exploit this resource in mangroves forests along the coast of Pará. No significant differences or peculiarities were observed in the extractive activity of these quilombola communities, in relation to other traditional populations performing this same activity in the area. However, differences were found between the two communities studied, which represent variations of this general pattern identified. Probably these differences are related to the technologies adopted, and also on the amount of crabs captured in the two locations. These impact the costs of the activity, its profitability, and the quality of life of inhabitants of Cacau and Terra Amarela.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eventos hidrológicos extremos na calha do Médio e Baixo Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-02) SANTOS, Jaqueline Cristina do Carmo; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The hydrological extreme events have a direct link with the effects of rainfall on a particular river basin. On top of the context "Amazon Basin", actions generated by the inevitable action of natural phenomena among which stand out the oceanic forcings such as El Niño, La Niña and Atlantic dipole that act in order to modify the pattern of atmospheric circulation and consequently the rainfall pattern on a river basin district, entail not only in different river height gaps, above all, the social impacts reflected on communities residents in the margins and surroundings of the rivers are the major concern surrounding the global scenario. On Amazon there are reports two types of natural disasters, the droughts and floods of cities. In this way this research discusses statistically (through the technique of quantis) the fluviometric quota values that go beyond normalcy (central tendency) in the middle and lower Amazon channel in 31 years of data (1982 to 2012). The research also evaluates the social impacts associated with occurrences of droughts and floods and as an indicator for the analysis of such impacts, it was adopted the registers the number of homeless families. To achieve the goals, it was held a documentary research on: State Civil Defense Coordination of Ceará (CEDEC), data on pluvial dimensions were found in the database of the National Agency Water (ANA), the data of occurrences of El Niño/La Niña and Atlantic dipole obtained in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC). The results show that the surrounding hydrological regime along the channel of the middle and lower Amazon reaches maximum peaks in the stations of Óbidos, Manaus, Parintins, Santarém and Oriximiná in the months of May and June. While for localities of Borba and Porto de Moz this regime is anticipated and is between April and may. The results also show that for the period of 31 years of study, the number of occurrences of floods was in greater quantity than droughts. The number of people stricken by events of drought and flood show that the hydrological extreme events are recurring in the middle and lower Amazon, and represent an indicator of reality of the structural conditions that each location features.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos socioterritoriais e identidade quilombola em espaço metropolitano: o caso da comunidade de Abacatal (Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-26) SIROTHEAU, José Luiz Terceros; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
This paper discusses the socioterrtorial impacts and construction of territorial identity quilombola in metropolitan reality, specifically in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, in view of the influence of the various public actions - policy, major infrastructure projects and other forms of intervention in space - and private, considering the urban expansion, a process intrinsic to the metropolis. The community quilombola of Abacatal in Ananindeua, has a sad history of serious land conflicts and, amid this constant struggle for their land, the identity of this group is consolidated, culminating in the title to their lands, however, the pressure who suffers of the metropolis calls into question the members of this territory ethnically configured. From a methodology based in the explanatory research through qualitative analysis, was possible observe the numerous impacts on the territory in question and their effects, which contribute, paradoxically, both to strengthen and to weaken the identity quilombola. The perspective of new conflicts appears on the horizon conclusive of research, where it is considered that Abacatal is destined to fight for their territory for a long time yet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pensar a comunicação, repensar a moda
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-30) VASCONCELOS NETO, Dilermando Gadelha de; LIMA, Regina Lúcia Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8158415442871989
This work address the interface between fashion and communication studies. We use the concept of interface developed by Braga (2004), which considers it as a cooperation among fields of knowledge that goes beyond the subordination of the assumptions of a field to the other, or the creation of a new field based on the assumptions of more consolidated fields. The interface concept presupposes that disciplines uses their assumptions to address specific research questions. To investigate the interface between the two fields of knowledge, we use the foucaltian archeology method (FOUCAULT, 2013a) and the “theoretical model of apprehension” of the communication process proposed in França (2001). In this context, we do the archeology of the fashion and communication discursive domain, seeking to perceive how they build their objects, concepts, themes and theories; besides of perceiving, specifically on the communication domain, the construction of the gaze directed to the communication process in the various historical moments of the filed development. Considering the recurrence of a concern with relation/interaction that is established among subjects and groups in the fashion studies, we utilize the assumptions of the relational model of communication (QUÉRÉ, 1991; FRANÇA, 2003) aiming to develop the interface between fashion and communication studies. We use two statements that immerge in the Pará’s scenario, whose analysis bases our research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção ambiental e aspectos socioeconômicos do município de Marapanim – Pará/Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-06) SILVA, Bruno Gilmar Silva da; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
The present work addresses the theme of environmental perception and socioeconomic aspects in the Camará, Cipoteua and São João communities, belonging to the municipality of Marapanim, Pará, Brazil. The general objective of this study was to highlight the perception of men in relation to the surrounding environment, besides describing the socioeconomic profile of the communities and the influence of the seasonal period on the activities developed. As data collection instrument, it was used the application of questionnaires with objective and subjective questions to 118 residents, being Camará (n = 60), Cipoteua (n = 32) and São João (n = 26), through visits to the communities. . Descriptive statistics and the kruskal-wallis statistical method were used for data analysis. Based on the results obtained and the observations made, it was found that the interviewed residents have a low level of education, use natural resources for income, such as artisanal fishing (Camará), subsistence agriculture (Cipoteua) and mechanized agriculture (São João), in addition to the benefits granted by the Federal Government. Respondents from the São João community have higher monthly gross income than the Camará and Cipoteua communities. It was possible to verify precarious access to basic services such as garbage collection, water supply and sanitary sewage. There were significant variations in perception regarding the environmental aspects analyzed in each community, such as water quality and vegetation condition. 91% of respondents in this survey stated that higher productivity occurs in the main agro-extractive activities developed during the rainy season. In this context, studies based on the thematic environmental and socioeconomic perception is an important tool to understand how environmental aspects can influence communities that depend on natural resources, as well as for the establishment of programs to promote activities already developed in the studied area. . At the end of the study, it was possible to see its importance for the establishment of actions and public policies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Representações sociais de aquecimento global por professores de ciências
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-07) SANTANA, André Ribeiro de; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007
Through the present study sought to characterize social representations of global warming for science teachers (Biology, Physics and Chemistry). Applied 70 questionnaires and interviewed 10% of target. The results showed that 97% of respondents blame man for global warming. However 50% of this amount portrays him as both a victim of climate events usually represented catastrophically. The media strongly influence these social representations, therefore claiming long working hours, my informants’ base their knowledge on the content of news magazines and TV programs; only 6.8% reported doing the same interactions with their peers in the school. Three peculiarities characterized allusions to reality Amazon: extreme emphasis on human dependence on the natural environment; associations of the manifestations of global warming with the forest and the waters; distancing weather events impacting and tragic. When approached everyday belenense global warming was associated with the phenomena with which it is possible to live: intensification of rainfall and heat. In terms of anchoring, were associations of global warming with the ozone layer, greenhouse gases and air pollution. Regarding the objectification, global warming was presented as planetary-scale ecological imbalance, and 21.4% of my informants perceive as punitive response of Nature to human actions. One thought was consensual: there is no cease global warming, but environmental education focused on the preservation of the environment helps to mitigate, stabilize and live with their demonstrations. These understandings are part of everyday school specific forms, as evocations of examples in program content related to global warming, or heights of projects. This understanding remained in Central Nucleus of social representations of global warming, as opposed to the option and arguments related to human action. Among the categories members of the peripheral system, lack of awareness, extensively linked to human action, was positioned near the central as well as deforestation, category more often, and burned, both accounting for most of the associations of the Central Nucleus reality Amazon. Lacks noteworthy that, like all social representations, the global warming constitute ways of dealing with reality, guiding communication processes, aggregate relationships and strengthen the cohesions of a social group, in my case, consisting of science teachers. These factors associated with knowledge "ecologizados" fragmented and superficial the specifics of global warming can justify improvement initiatives initial training and ongoing, which may be promoted continuously, at school through the pedagogical coordination. Accordingly, in addition to content updates, instigate urges science teachers, respecting and their experiences with the exercise of reflection on scientific knowledge and the media, something that could impact the way we perceive, think and deal with the global warming mentioned by my informants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso do território e gênero de vida na Amazônia: reprodução camponesa e agronegócio no planalto santareno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PAIXÃO JÚNIOR, Paulo Roberto Carneiro da; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
We approach in this work the changes in the reproduction of peasantry of Planalto Santareno due to the advancement of soybean agribusiness in this region. We use as examples two localities peasant who have been deeply affected by this event started in the late twentieth century: the localities Tracuá (belonging to the municipality of Santarém/PA) and Jenipapo (belonging to the municipality of Belterra/PA). To achieve this purpose, we did the reconstitution of the geographical situation when these locations had not yet met with agribusiness. When soybean growers from the center-south of the country arrived, seduced by abundant and cheap land anthropized in the region, began to acquire land in these localities with quite ease and speed, therefore belonged to the peasants who were in precarious conditions of existence, desirous of better days, which perhaps could achieve with that (little) money offered. From that meeting, thus, we learned the mutations in the genre of life of the peasants, coming across on the other hand, with the clash of these opposing social. With the deep transformations in land use in these locations, is the tendency to put their disappearances - and at the same time, on another scale, the recreation of regional peasantry.